1
|
Sakai Y, Kuwahara K. Carcinogenesis caused by transcription-coupled DNA damage through GANP and other components of the TREX-2 complex. Pathol Int 2024; 74:103-118. [PMID: 38411330 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Perturbation of genes is important for somatic hypermutation to increase antibody affinity during B-cell immunity; however, it may also promote carcinogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that transcription is an important process that can induce DNA damage and genomic instability. Transciption-export-2 (TREX-2) complex, which regulates messenger RNA (mRNA) nuclear export, has been studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, recent studies have started investigating the molecular function of the mammalian TREX-2 complex. The central molecule in the TREX-2 complex, that is, germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP), is closely associated with antibody affinity maturation as well as cancer etiology. In this review, we focus on carcinogenesis, lymphomagenesis, and teratomagenesis caused by transcription-coupled DNA damage through GANP and other components of the TREX-2 complex. We review the basic machinery of mRNA nuclear export and transcription-coupled DNA damage. We then briefly describe the immunological relationship between GANP and the affinity maturation of antibodies. Finally, we illustrate that the aberrant expression of the components of the TREX-2 complex, especially GANP, is associated with the etiology of various solid tumors, lymphomas, and testicular teratoma. These components serve as reliable predictors of cancer prognosis and response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waenphimai O, Mahalapbutr P, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Wongkham S, Sawanyawisuth K. Multiple actions of NMS-P715, the monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) mitotic checkpoint inhibitor in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174899. [PMID: 35337815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM NMS-P715 is a potent inhibitor of monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) mitotic checkpoint kinase. Overexpression of MPS1 is associated with short survival times in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of NMS-P715 in human CCA cell lines. MAIN METHODS KKU-100 and KKU-213A CCA cell lines were treated with NMS-P715 and cell viability was determined using MTT and colony formation assays. Inhibitory effects of NMS-P715 on cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Expression of underlying mechanism-related proteins was examined by Western blotting. Mitotic catastrophe was assessed by counting abnormal nuclei. Transwell assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion. KEY FINDINGS Molecular docking showed that the NMS-P715/MPS1 complex was driven by an induced-fit mechanism. We provide new evidence that NMS-P715 potently inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in both CCA cell lines. This was accompanied by induction of G2/M arrest and the consequent induction of mitotic catastrophe, a process that occurs during defective mitosis. The recent study showed that NMS-P715 activated caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagosome formation with an increase of LC3 A/B-II protein expression in CCA cell lines. NMS-P715 also greatly impeded cell migration and invasion in CCA cell lines. The combination of NMS-P715 and gemcitabine or cisplatin showed synergistic effects on CCA cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed for the first time that NMS-P715 is a promising candidate for combating CCA owing via multiple actions and may be suitable for further development in a clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orawan Waenphimai
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gondo N, Sakai Y, Zhang Z, Hato Y, Kuzushima K, Phimsen S, Kawashima Y, Kuroda M, Suzuki M, Okada S, Iwata H, Toyama T, Rezano A, Kuwahara K. Increased chemosensitivity via BRCA2-independent DNA damage in DSS1- and PCID2-depleted breast carcinomas. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1048-1059. [PMID: 34031538 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women, is closely associated with mutations in the tumor suppressor gene BRCA. DSS1, a component of the TRanscription-EXport-2 (TREX-2) complex involved in transcription and mRNA nuclear export, stabilizes BRCA2 expression. DSS1 is also related to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer owing to the induction of chemoresistance. Recently, BRCA2 was shown to be associated with the TREX-2 component PCID2, which prevents DNA:RNA hybrid R-loop formation and transcription-coupled DNA damage. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of these TREX-2 components and BRCA2 in the chemosensitivity of breast carcinomas. Our results showed that compared with that in normal breast tissues, DSS1 expression was upregulated in human breast carcinoma, whereas PCID2 expression was comparable between normal and malignant tissues. We then compared patient survival time among groups divided by high or low expressions of DSS1, BRCA2, and PCID2. Increased DSS1 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in recurrence-free survival time, whereas no differences were detected in the high and low BRCA2 and PCID2 expression groups. We performed in vitro analyses, including propidium iodide nuclear staining, single-cell gel electrophoresis, and clonogenic survival assays, using breast carcinoma cell lines. The results confirmed that DSS1 depletion significantly increased chemosensitivity, whereas overexpression conferred chemoresistance to breast cancer cell lines; however, BRCA2 expression did not affect chemosensitivity. Similar to DSS1, PCID2 expression was also inversely correlated with chemosensitivity. These results strongly suggest that DSS1 and PCID2 depletion is closely associated with increased chemosensitivity via BRCA2-independent DNA damage. Together with the finding that DSS1 is not highly expressed in normal breast tissues, these results demonstrate that DSS1 depletion confers a druggable trait and may contribute to the development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies to treat DSS1-depleted breast carcinomas independent of BRCA2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Gondo
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yukari Hato
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kuzushima
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suchada Phimsen
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Yoshiaki Kawashima
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Retroviral Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyama
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andri Rezano
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakaguchi N, Maeda K. Germinal Center B-Cell-Associated Nuclear Protein (GANP) Involved in RNA Metabolism for B Cell Maturation. Adv Immunol 2016; 131:135-86. [PMID: 27235683 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center B-cell-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is upregulated in germinal center B cells against T-cell-dependent antigens in mice and humans. In mice, GANP depletion in B cells impairs antibody affinity maturation. Conversely, its transgenic overexpression augments the generation of high-affinity antigen-specific B cells. GANP associates with AID in the cytoplasm, shepherds AID into the nucleus, and augments its access to the rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) region of the genome in B cells, thereby precipitating the somatic hypermutation of V region genes. GANP is also upregulated in human CD4(+) T cells and is associated with APOBEC3G (A3G). GANP interacts with A3G and escorts it to the virion cores to potentiate its antiretroviral activity by inactivating HIV-1 genomic cDNA. Thus, GANP is characterized as a cofactor associated with AID/APOBEC cytidine deaminase family molecules in generating diversity of the IgV region of the genome and genetic alterations of exogenously introduced viral targets. GANP, encoded by human chromosome 21, as well as its mouse equivalent on chromosome 10, contains a region homologous to Saccharomyces Sac3 that was characterized as a component of the transcription/export 2 (TREX-2) complex and was predicted to be involved in RNA export and metabolism in mammalian cells. The metabolism of RNA during its maturation, from the transcription site at the chromosome within the nucleus to the cytoplasmic translation apparatus, needs to be elaborated with regard to acquired and innate immunity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on GANP as a component of TREX-2 in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sakaguchi
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Maeda
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuwahara K, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Zhang Z, Phimsen S, Gondo N, Yamashita H, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Yamashita D, Fukushima Y, Yamamoto Y, Iwata H, Saya H, Kondo E, Matsuo K, Takeya M, Iwase H, Sakaguchi N. GANP protein encoded on human chromosome 21/mouse chromosome 10 is associated with resistance to mammary tumor development. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:469-77. [PMID: 26749495 PMCID: PMC4832866 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chromosome 21 is known to be associated with the high risk of hematological malignancy but with resistance to breast cancer in the study of Down syndrome. In human cancers, we previously observed the significant alterations of the protein expression encoded by the ganp/MCM3AP gene on human chromosome 21q22.3. Here, we investigated GANP protein alterations in human breast cancer samples (416 cases) at various stages by immunohistochemical analysis. This cohort study clearly showed that expression of GANP is significantly decreased in human breast cancer cases with poor prognosis as an independent risk factor (relapse-free survival, hazard ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval, 1.27-4.42, P = 0.007 [univariate analysis]; hazard ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval, 1.42-5.13, P = 0.002 [multivariate analysis]). To investigate whether the altered GANP expression is associated with mammary tumorigenesis, we created mutant mice that were conditionally deficient in the ganp/MCM3AP gene using wap-cre recombinase transgenic mice. Mammary gland tumors occurred at a very high incidence in female mammary gland-specific GANP-deficient mice after severe impairment of mammary gland development during pregnancy. Moreover, tumor development also occurred in female post parous GANP-heterodeficient mice. GANP has a significant role in the suppression of DNA damage caused by estrogen in human breast cancer cell lines. These results indicated that the GANP protein is associated with breast cancer resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Suchada Phimsen
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Gondo
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Fukushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwase
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gotoh K, Kariya R, Matsuda K, Hattori S, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Okada S. A novel EGFP-expressing nude mice with complete loss of lymphocytes and NK cells to study tumor-host interactions. Biosci Trends 2015; 8:202-5. [PMID: 25224625 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2014.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing Balb/c nude mice strain with Rag-2 and Jak3 double mutants (Nude-R/J-EGFP mice) was established to improve the take rate of human tumors and to distinguish tumor and host cells. EGFP was ubiquitously expressed in all organs including the brain, lung, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract in Nude-R/J-EGFP mice. The mice showed complete loss of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK cells, indicating a higher take rate of human tumor xenograft. M213-mCherry, an mCherry expressing the cholangiocarcinoma cell line, was successfully detected and tumor vessels derived from the host were clearly identified with fluorescence imager. Thus, dual-color fluorescence imaging visualizes the tumor-host interaction by non-invasive in vivo fluorescent imaging in Nude-R/J-EGFP mice. These finding suggests that Nude-R/J-EGFP mice are becoming a powerful tool to investigate human tumor-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Gotoh
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen J, Tang H, Wu Z, Zhou C, Jiang T, Xue Y, Huang G, Yan D, Peng Z. Overexpression of RBBP6, alone or combined with mutant TP53, is predictive of poor prognosis in colon cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66524. [PMID: 23799110 PMCID: PMC3684577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and interacts with TP53 in carcinogenesis. However, the clinicopathologic significance of RBBP6 expression in colon cancer is unknown; in particular, the prognostic value of RBBP6 combined with TP53 expression has not been explored. Therefore, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect RBBP6 expression in colon cancer tissues. RBBP6 and TP53 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format, in which the primary colon cancer tissue was paired with noncancerous tissue. Tissue specimens were obtained from 203 patients. We found that RBBP6 was overexpressed in colon tumorous tissues and was significantly associated with clinical stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis, and histologic grade. Further studies revealed that a corresponding correlation between RBBP6 overexpression and mutant TP53 was evident in colon cancer (r = 0.450; P<0.001). RBBP6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Interestingly, patients with tumors that had both RBBP6 overexpression and mutant TP53 protein accumulation relapsed and died within a significantly short period after surgery (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with LNM and patients with both RBBP6- and TP53-positive tumors had extremely poor OS (HR 6.75; 95% CI 2.63–17.35; P<0.001) and DFS (HR 8.08; 95% CI 2.80–23.30; P<0.001). These clinical findings indicate that the assessment of both RBBP6 and mutant TP53 expression will be helpful in predicting colon cancer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|