Zinflou C, Rochette PJ. Indenopyrene and Blue-Light Co-Exposure Impairs the Tightly Controlled Activation of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: A Mechanism for Synergistic Toxicity.
Int J Mol Sci 2023;
24:17385. [PMID:
38139215 PMCID:
PMC10744144 DOI:
10.3390/ijms242417385]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High energy visible (HEV) blue light is an increasing source of concern for visual health. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a group of compounds found in high concentrations in smokers and polluted environments, accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). HEV absorption by indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP), a common PAH, synergizes their toxicities and promotes degenerative changes in RPE cells comparable to the ones observed in age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we decipher the processes underlying IcdP and HEV synergic toxicity in human RPE cells. We found that IcdP-HEV toxicity is caused by the loss of the tight coupling between the two metabolic phases ensuring IcdP efficient detoxification. Indeed, IcdP/HEV co-exposure induces an overactivation of key actors in phase I metabolism. IcdP/HEV interaction is also associated with a downregulation of proteins involved in phase II. Our data thus indicate that phase II is hindered in response to co-exposure and that it is insufficient to sustain the enhanced phase I induction. This is reflected by an accelerated production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased accumulation of IcdP-related bulky DNA damage. Our work raises the prospect that lifestyle and environmental pollution may be significant modulators of HEV toxicity in the retina.
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