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Müller T, Riederer P. The vicious circle between homocysteine, methyl group-donating vitamins and chronic levodopa intake in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:631-638. [PMID: 37329350 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker for declined methylation capacity is elevation of homocysteine levels. They increase the risk for onset of vascular disease and contribute to progression of chronic neurodegeneration and aging. This narrative review discusses associations between homocysteine, consumption of methyl group-donating vitamins and impact on disease-generating mechanisms in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. We conclude to recommend levodopa-treated patients to substitute themselves with methyl group-donating vitamins. This is harmless in terms of application of folic acid, methylcobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. Moreover, we suggest a crucial discussion on the value of the various popular hypotheses on Parkinson's disease-generating mechanisms. Findings from studies with acute levodopa exposure describe oxidative stress generation and impaired methylation capacity, which causes gene dysfunction. Their repeated occurrences contribute to onset of mitochondrial dysfunction, iron enrichment and pathologic protein accumulation in the long term. Current research underestimates these epigenetic, metabolic consequences of chronic levodopa application. Supplementary treatment strategies are recommended to avoid levodopa-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Gartenstr. 1, 13088, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Hu X, Wang JB, Zhao Y, Fang Y, Chen C, Ge M, Xu YQ, Gao ZX, Pan HF, Wang P. Homocysteine as a trigger and potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103389. [PMID: 37453470 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jie-Bing Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Hefei Stomatological Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Science and Education, Hefei Stomatological Clinic Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Man Ge
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Qing Xu
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Xing Gao
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
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Xu Q, Chan Y, Feng Y, Zhu B, Yang B, Zhu S, Su L, Zou L, Feng N, Li Y. Factors associated with fetal karyotype in spontaneous abortion: a case-case study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:320. [PMID: 35421926 PMCID: PMC9012016 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most embryos that spontaneously abort during early pregnancy are found to have chromosomal abnormalities. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors involved in chromosome aberrations during embryogenesis. Methods A case-case study was performed to compare the risk factors for spontaneous abortion with and without embryo chromosome aberration. A total of 160 cases of spontaneous abortion were enrolled from a tertiary general hospital in Kunming. KaryoLite BACs-on-Beads (KL-BoBs) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were employed to determine chromosomal constitution of abortion chorion villus samples. Maternal serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Information about clinical background and environmental exposure was collected through a self-designed questionnaire. To identify the inherited chromosomal abnormalities, couples with chromosomal abnormalities in abortus were recalled for karyotyping. Results The overall rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 62.5% (100/160, KL-BoBs combined with FISH) including 51.9% (83/160) aneuploidies, 6.3% (10/160) polyploidies, and 4.4% (7/160) structural abnormalities. Only one case of structural abnormality was found to be inherited from maternal balanced translocation. Compared to abortus with normal karyotype, abortus with abnormal karyotype showed a positive association with parental age and elevated maternal serum homocysteine (Hcy) level, but negative association with previous miscarriage and perceived noise. Conclusions Embryonic chromosomal aberrations accounted for the majority of spontaneous abortion cases. A combination of internal and external factors may induce spontaneous abortion through fetal chromosomal aberrations or other pathogenic mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04491-8.
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Yan Y, Yin Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Shi J, Weng H, Wang D. Homocysteine aggravates DNA damage by impairing the FA/Brca1 Pathway in NE4C murine neural stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2477-2486. [PMID: 33029090 PMCID: PMC7532487 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is existing evidence that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are risk factors for some neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis of neurological diseases could be contributed to excessive cell dysfunction and death caused by defective DNA damage response (DDR) and accumulated DNA damage. Hcy is a neurotoxic amino acid and acts as a DNA damage inducer. However, it is not clear whether Hcy participates in the DDR. To investigate the effects of Hcy on DNA damage and the DDR, we employed mitomycin C (MMC) to cause DNA damage in NE4C murine neural stem cells (NSCs). Compared to treatment with MMC alone, we found that co-treatment with MMC and Hcy worsened DNA damage and increased death in NE4C cells. Intriguingly, in this DNA damage model mimicked by MMC, immunoblotting results showed that the monoubiquitination levels of Fanconi anemia complementation group I (Fanci) and Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) were decreased to about 60.3% and 55.7% by supplementing cell culture medium with Hcy, indicating Hcy inactivates the function of Fanci and Fancd2 in DNA damage conditions. Given Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) is an important downstream of FANCD2, we next detected the interaction between Fancd2 and Brca1 in NE4C cells. Compared to treatment with MMC alone, the Fancd2-Brca1 interaction and the amount of Brca1 on chromatin were decreased when cells were co-exposed to MMC and Hcy, suggesting Hcy could impair the Fanconi anemia (FA)/Brca1 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Hcy may enhance cell death, which contributes to the accumulation of DNA damage and promotion of hypersensitivity to cytotoxicity by impairing the FA/Brca1 pathway in murine NSCs in the presence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Khaskhoussi A, Calabrese L, Currò M, Ientile R, Bouaziz J, Proverbio E. Effect of the Compositions on the Biocompatibility of New Alumina-Zirconia-Titania Dental Ceramic Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13061374. [PMID: 32197510 PMCID: PMC7142750 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant biomaterials are expected to be in contact with living tissues, therefore their toxicity and osseointegration ability must be carefully assessed. In the current study, the wettability, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of different alumina-zirconia-titania composites were evaluated. The surface wettability determines the biological event cascade in the bioceramic/human living tissues interface. The measured water contact angle indicated that the wettability strongly depends on the ceramic composition. Notwithstanding the contact angle variability, the ceramic surfaces are hydrophilic. The cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblast cells with materials, evaluated by an (3-(4,5 methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, revealed an absence of any cytotoxic effect. A relationship was found between the cell viability and the wettability. It was subsequently deduced that the cell viability increases when the wettability increases. This effect is more pronounced when the titania content is higher. Finally, a comet test was applied as complementary biocompatibility test to detect any changes in fibroblast cell DNA. The results showed that the DNA damage is intimately related to the TiO2 content. Genotoxicity was mainly attributed to ceramic composites containing 10 wt.% TiO2. Our research revealed that the newly developed high performance alumina-zirconia-titania ceramic composites contain less than 10 wt.% TiO2, and display promising surface properties, making them suitable for dental implantology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Khaskhoussi
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio Sant’Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Calabrese
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio Sant’Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.I.)
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.I.)
| | - Jamel Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, University of Sfax, National School of Engineering, Sfax 1173-3038, Tunisia;
| | - Edoardo Proverbio
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio Sant’Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Guo X, Dai X, Ni J, Cao N, Yang G, Xue J, Wang X. High concentration of sugars is genotoxic to folate-deficient cells. Mutat Res 2019; 814:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Chronic Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia Alters Inflammatory and Oxidative/Nitrative Status and Causes Protein/DNA Damage, as well as Ultrastructural Changes in Cerebral Cortex: Is Acetylsalicylic Acid Neuroprotective? Neurotox Res 2017; 33:580-592. [PMID: 29243196 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine metabolism. When plasma homocysteine levels exceed 10-15 μM, there is a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia, which occur as a result of an inborn error of methionine metabolism or by non-genetic causes. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is considered a risk factor for development of neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether acetylsalicylic acid has neuroprotective role on the effect of homocysteine on inflammatory, oxidative/nitrative stress, and morphological parameters in cerebral cortex of rats subjected to chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Wistar male rats received homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) by subcutaneous injections twice a day and acetylsalicylic acid (25 mg/Kg of body weight) by intraperitoneal injections once a day from the 30th to the 60th postpartum day. Control rats received vehicle solution in the same volume. Results showed that rats subjected to chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and acetylcholinesterase activity and reduced nitrite levels. Homocysteine decreased catalase activity and immunocontent and superoxide dismutase activity, caused protein and DNA damage, and altered neurons ultrastructure. Acetylsalicylic acid totally prevented the effect of homocysteine on acetylcholinesterase activity and catalase activity and immunocontent, as well as the ultrastructural changes, and partially prevented alterations on IL-1β levels, superoxide dismutase activity, sulfhydryl content, and comet assay. Acetylsalicylic acid per se increased DNA damage index. In summary, our findings showed that chronic chemically induced model of mild hyperhomocysteinemia altered some parameters and acetylsalicylic acid administration seemed to be neuroprotective, at least in part, on neurotoxicity of homocysteine.
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Fu Y, Wang X, Kong W. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1173-1189. [PMID: 28836260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), the pathogenic elevation of plasma homocysteine as a result of an imbalance of its metabolism, is an independent risk factor for various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification and aneurysm. Treatments aimed at lowering plasma homocysteine via dietary supplementation with folic acids and vitamin B are more effective in preventing vascular disease where the population has a normally low folate consumption than in areas with higher dietary folate. To date, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. HHcy increases oxidative stress and its downstream signalling pathways, resulting in vascular inflammation. HHcy also causes vascular injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, HHcy up-regulates pathogenic genes and down-regulates protective genes via DNA demethylation and methylation respectively. Homocysteinylation of proteins induced by homocysteine also contributes to vascular injury by modulating intracellular redox state and altering protein function. Furthermore, HHcy-induced vascular injury leads to neuronal damage and disease. Also, an HHcy-activated sympathetic system and HHcy-injured adipose tissue also cause vascular injury, thus demonstrating the interactions between the organs injured by HHcy. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury, which are further considered as potential therapeutic targets in this condition. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Barreca D, Currò M, Bellocco E, Ficarra S, Laganà G, Tellone E, Laura Giunta M, Visalli G, Caccamo D, Galtieri A, Ientile R. Neuroprotective effects of phloretin and its glycosylated derivative on rotenone-induced toxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells. Biofactors 2017; 43:549-557. [PMID: 28401997 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin and phlorizin are the two strong natural antioxidants whose biological and pharmacological applications are rapidly growing in different human pathological conditions. The neuroprotective activity of the two flavonoids has been analyzed on cell culture of neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective activity of the two flavonoids has been analyzed on cell culture of neuroblastoma cells and evaluated by testing cell vitality, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS production, antioxidant enzymes detection, activation of caspase 3, DNA damage, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion scavenging activity. Incubation of cells with rotenone caused cell death and significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, activation of caspase 3, and variation in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Although, rotenone exposure caused a significant increase of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of lipid peroxidation were also observed. Phloretin or phlorizin, at micromolar concentration, reduced rotenone-induced cell death by scavenging ability against superoxide anion radical, one of the main effectors of rotenone toxicity at level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Under our experimental conditions, a reduction of the intracellular ROS levels with consequent normalization of the aforementioned antioxidant enzymes occurred. Concomitantly, we observed the inhibition of caspase 3 activity and DNA damage. This study shows the promising neuroprotective ability of the two dihydrochalcones able to protect human differentiated neuroblastoma cells (commonly used as model of Parkinson's disease) from injury induced by rotenone, actively scavenging ROS, normalizing mitochondrial transmembrane potential and consequently avoiding energy depletion. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):549-557, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Ficarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Giunta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Galtieri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
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Wang D, Chen YM, Ruan MH, Zhou AH, Qian Y, Chen C. Homocysteine inhibits neural stem cells survival by inducing DNA interstrand cross-links via oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ferraz GA, Costa Neto ADO, Cerqueira EDMM, Meireles JRC. Effects of age on the frequency of micronuclei and degenerative nuclear abnormalities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-98232016019.150155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The effects of aging, gender and lifestyle factors on inducing chromosomal damage (micronuclei) and nuclear degenerative changes were assessed using the micronucleus test on exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa. The sample included 80 healthy subjects divided into four groups according to age and gender: men and women aged 19-29 years (M19, W19) and men and women aged over sixty years (M60, W60). An interview questionnaire was used to characterize the sample and to determine an index reflecting lifestyle (HLI). The frequency of micronuclei and nuclear degenerative changes was significantly higher among the elderly (p<0.001) and did not differ by gender among young people (p>0.05). The occurrence of micronuclei was similar among elderly men and women (p>0.10), but karyorrhexis and karyolysis were more frequent among men (p<0.005 and p<0.025, respectively), who also had a lower HLI than the other groups (p<0.0004). The results of the study indicate that age is the main factor associated with the induction of genetic material damage.
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Ferlazzo N, Visalli G, Cirmi S, Lombardo GE, Laganà P, Di Pietro A, Navarra M. Natural iron chelators: Protective role in A549 cells of flavonoids-rich extracts of Citrus juices in Fe(3+)-induced oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:248-256. [PMID: 27037654 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous iron in particulate matter and imbalanced iron homeostasis cause deleterious effects on health. Natural and synthetic iron chelators may be of therapeutic benefit, therefore we evaluated the protective effect of Citrus flavonoids-rich extracts from bergamot and orange juices in iron overloaded human lung epithelial cells. Cytofluorimetric, biochemical and genotoxic analyses were performed in Fe2(SO4)3 exposed A549, pretreated with each extract whose chemical composition was previously detected. Chelating activity was assessed in cells by a calcein ester. Both extracts reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial functionality, and prevented DNA-oxidative damage in iron-exposed cells. Antioxidant effects were attributed to the chelating property, blocking upstream the redox activity of iron. Flavonoid-rich extracts also induced antioxidant catalase. The bergamot and orange juice extracts had a broad-spectrum protective effect. Their use prevents iron oxidative injury and these natural iron chelators could be used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
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Ferlazzo N, Cirmi S, Russo M, Trapasso E, Ursino MR, Lombardo GE, Gangemi S, Calapai G, Navarra M. NF-κB mediates the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of bergamot juice in HepG2 cells. Life Sci 2016; 146:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Flavonoid Fraction of Orange and Bergamot Juices Protect Human Lung Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26221182 PMCID: PMC4499611 DOI: 10.1155/2015/957031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that oxidant/antioxidant imbalance triggers cell damage that in turn causes a number of lung diseases. Flavonoids are known for their health benefits, and Citrus fruits juices are one of the main food sources of these secondary plant metabolites. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the flavonoid fraction of bergamot and orange juices, on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human lung epithelial A549 cells. First we tested the antioxidant properties of both extracts in cell-free experimental models and then we assayed their capability to prevent the cytotoxic effects induced by H2O2. Our results demonstrated that both Citrus juice extracts reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation, improve mitochondrial functionality, and prevent DNA-oxidative damage in A549 cells incubated with H2O2. Our data indicate that the mix of flavonoids present in both bergamot and orange juices may be of use in preventing oxidative cell injury and pave the way for further research into a novel healthy approach to avoid lung disorders.
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Guzmán R, Campos C, Yuguero R, Masegù C, Gil P, Moragón ÁC. Protective effect of sulfurous water in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease patients. Life Sci 2015; 132:61-7. [PMID: 25939976 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS One of the main features of sulfurous water (SW) is the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which confers its antioxidant activity. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) we hypothesize that SW could have a protective effect in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A therapeutic in vitro approach of SW was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AD patients and in age-matched healthy non-demented controls using one modification of the comet assay (to measure oxidative DNA damage) and the MTT assay (as an indicator of cell viability). Hydrogen peroxide and homocysteine were used to induce oxidative DNA damage, and vitamin C, Trolox and N-acetyl-cysteine were selected as antioxidants of reference to compare SW treatment results. KEY FINDINGS SW did not increase per se the oxidative DNA damage of PBMC. Furthermore, SW protected them against enhanced oxidative stress in AD and control populations after pro-oxidant stimuli, with similar results to those observed when using the antioxidants of reference. Nevertheless, SW was the only treatment that could avoid the loss of viability of PBMC for all pro-oxidant stimuli in both populations, suggesting that H2S could confer to SW a more antioxidant capacity than other known antioxidants. SIGNIFICANCE The protective effect of SW was proved for the first time not only in DNA stability but also in cell viability preservation in AD, indicating that further research in other in vitro and in vivo models could lead to include SW as a possible therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guzmán
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Yuguero
- Unidad de Memoria Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Masegù
- Unidad de Memoria Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Gil
- Unidad de Memoria Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Casado Moragón
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Navarra M, Ferlazzo N, Cirmi S, Trapasso E, Bramanti P, Lombardo GE, Minciullo PL, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Effects of bergamot essential oil and its extractive fractions on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell growth. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1042-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The goals were to investigate the mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of bergamot essential oil (BEO) and to identify the compounds mainly responsible for its SH-SY5Y cells growth rate inhibition.
Methods
Five BEO extractive fractions (BEOs) differing in their chemical composition were used. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell count assays. Trypan blue exclusion test and Annexin V/PI staining were performed to assess their cytotoxic activity. Genotoxicity was detected by comet assay. The cell cycle was checked cytofluorimetrically. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Δψm were measured fluorimetrically. Western blotting analyses for some apoptosis-related proteins were carried out.
Key findings
Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with some types of BEOs decreased cell growth rate by a mechanism correlated to both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Coloured BEOs act by increasing ROS generation, responsible for the drop in Δψm, and modulate p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK ½) mitogen-activated protein kinases, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax signalling pathways. Finally, we identify bergamottin and 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin as the bioactive molecules that could play a pivotal role in the antiproliferative effects exerted by coloured BEOs.
Conclusions
Our study provides novel insights into the field of the antiproliferative effects of BEO, which could be exploited in the context of a multitarget pharmacological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Navarra
- Department of Drug Sciences and Products for Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences and Products for Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Products for Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Trapasso
- Department of Drug Sciences and Products for Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC CNR, Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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17
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Boyacioglu M, Sekkin S, Kum C, Korkmaz D, Kiral F, Yalinkilinc HS, Ak MO, Akar F. The protective effects of vitamin C on the DNA damage, antioxidant defenses and aorta histopathology in chronic hyperhomocysteinemia induced rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:407-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Audet I, Girard CL, Lessard M, Lo Verso L, Beaudoin F, Matte JJ. Homocysteine metabolism, growth performance, and immune responses in suckling and weanling piglets. J Anim Sci 2014; 93:147-57. [PMID: 25412751 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy), an intermediary sulfur AA, is recognized as a powerful prooxidant with deleterious effects on physiological and immune functions. In piglets, there is an acute 10-fold increase of plasma concentrations of homocysteine (pHcy) during the first 2 wk of life. This project aimed to maximize pHcy variations within physiological ranges using typical supplies of folates and vitamin B12 (B12) to sows and piglets. Growth, immune response, and Hcy metabolism of piglets were studied until piglets reached 56 d of age. Third-parity sows were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 split-plot design with 2 dietary treatments during gestation and lactation, S(-) (1 mg/kg folates and 20 µg/kg B12, n = 15) and S(+) (10-fold S(-) levels, n = 16), and 2 treatments to piglets within each half litter, intramuscular injections (150 µg) of B12 (P(+)) at d 1 and 21 (weaning) and saline (P(-)). Within each litter of 12 piglets, 3 P(+) and 3 P(-) piglets were studied for growth and Hcy metabolism, and the others were studied for immune responses. During lactation, plasma B12 decreased and was transiently greater in S(+) vs. S(-) piglets on d 1 and P(+) vs. P(-) piglets on d 7 (sow treatment × age and piglet treatment × age; P < 0.05). From 14 to 21 d of age, pHcy was 33% lower in S(+)P(+) vs. S(-)P(-) piglets (sow treatment × piglet treatment interaction; P < 0.05). At 56 d of age, hepatic B12 was greater and pHcy was lower for P(+) vs. P(-) piglets (P < 0.05). No treatment effect was observed on growth except for a lower postweaning G:F in S(+)P(-) piglets than in others (sow treatment × piglet treatment interaction; P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between pHcy and growth (r > 0.29, P < 0.05) before and after weaning. Antibody responses to ovalbumin and serum tumor necrosis factor-α were not affected by treatments, but postweaning serum IL-8 peaked earlier in S(-)P(-) vs. S(+)P(+) piglets (piglet treatment × age; sow treatment × piglet treatment interaction, P < 0.05). Proliferation of lymphocytes in response to the mitogen concanavalin A tended to be lower in culture media supplemented with sera from S(-) vs. S(+) piglets (P = 0.081) and P(-) vs. P(+) piglets (P = 0.098), and the reduction of response was more marked (P < 0.05) with high (>21 µM) compared to medium (17 to 21 µM) or low (<17 µM) pHcy. In conclusion, the present vitamin supplements to sows and/or piglets produced variations of pHcy that were not apparently harmful for growth performance of piglets. The greater pHcy, particularly prevalent in S(-) and/or P(-) piglets, had negative effects on some indicators of immune responses, suggesting that these young animals may be immunologically more fragile.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Audet
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - C L Girard
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - M Lessard
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - L Lo Verso
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production, and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - F Beaudoin
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - J J Matte
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada
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Currò M, Gugliandolo A, Gangemi C, Risitano R, Ientile R, Caccamo D. Toxic effects of mildly elevated homocysteine concentrations in neuronal-like cells. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1485-95. [PMID: 24867323 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with neurodegeneration. However, homocysteine neurotoxic effects have been so far investigated mostly by employing homocysteine concentrations (≥100 µM) much higher than homocysteine mean plasma levels (20 µM) observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. While evaluating the effects of a prolonged exposure to ~20 µM homocysteine in neuronal-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, we observed a 35% loss of cell viability and a four-fold increase in reactive oxygen species levels in cells incubated with homocysteine for five days compared with controls. Moreover, homocysteine increased by 30% and around two-fold, respectively, the Comet-positive cell number and DNA damage indexes (tail length, T-DNA, olive tail moment) compared with controls. Cell response to homocysteine-induced DNA damage involved the up-regulation of Bax and, at a greater extent, Bcl-2, but not caspase-3, in association with a p53-independent increase of p21 levels; concomitantly, also p16 levels were increased. When looking at time-dependent changes in cyclin expression, we found that a significant up-regulation of cyclins D1, A1, E1, but not B1, concomitant with p21 down-regulation, occurred in cells incubated with homocysteine for three days. However, in line with the observed increase of p21 and p16 levels, a five days incubation with homocysteine induced cyclin down-regulation accompanied by a strong reduction of phosphorylated pRB amounts. These results suggest that, when prolonged, the exposure of neuronal-like cells to mildly elevated homocysteine concentrations triggers oxidative and genotoxic stress involving an early induction of cyclins, that is late repressed by G1-S check-point regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Polyclinic University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
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20
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Vanzin CS, Manfredini V, Marinho AE, Biancini GB, Ribas GS, Deon M, Wyse ATDS, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Homocysteine contribution to DNA damage in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient patients. Gene 2014; 539:270-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Delle Monache S, Sanità P, Trapasso E, Ursino MR, Dugo P, Russo M, Ferlazzo N, Calapai G, Angelucci A, Navarra M. Mechanisms underlying the anti-tumoral effects of Citrus Bergamia juice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61484. [PMID: 23613861 PMCID: PMC3628853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the growing deal of data concerning the biological activity of flavonoid-rich natural products, the aim of the present study was to explore in vitro the potential anti-tumoral activity of Citrus Bergamia (bergamot) juice (BJ), determining its molecular interaction with cancer cells. Here we show that BJ reduced growth rate of different cancer cell lines, with the maximal growth inhibition observed in neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) after 72 hs of exposure to 5% BJ. The SH-SY5Y antiproliferative effect elicited by BJ was not due to a cytotoxic action and it did not induce apoptosis. Instead, BJ stimulated the arrest in the G1 phase of cell cycle and determined a modification in cellular morphology, causing a marked increase of detached cells. The inhibition of adhesive capacity on different physiologic substrates and on endothelial cells monolayer were correlated with an impairment of actin filaments, a reduction in the expression of the active form of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that in turn caused inhibition of cell migration. In parallel, BJ seemed to hinder the association between the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and FAK. Our data suggest a mechanisms through which BJ can inhibit important molecular pathways related to cancer-associated aggressive phenotype and offer new suggestions for further studies on the role of BJ in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sanità
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Elena Trapasso
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Ursino
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico centro neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Boldyrev AA, Bryushkova EA, Vladychenskaya EA. NMDA receptors in immune competent cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:128-34. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Moores CJ, Fenech M, O’Callaghan NJ. Telomere dynamics: the influence of folate and DNA methylation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1229:76-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Coppedè F. One-carbon metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: focus on epigenetics. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:246-60. [PMID: 21119889 PMCID: PMC2930664 DOI: 10.2174/138920210791233090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly, characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive capacity severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and the quality of life. Rare, fully penetrant mutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2) are responsible for familial forms of the disease. However, more than 90% of AD is sporadic, likely resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence supports a role for epigenetic modifications in AD pathogenesis. Folate metabolism, also known as one-carbon metabolism, is required for the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the major DNA methylating agent. AD individuals are characterized by decreased plasma folate values, as well as increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and there is indication of impaired SAM levels in AD brains. Polymorphisms of genes participating in one-carbon metabolism have been associated with AD risk and/or with increased Hcy levels in AD individuals. Studies in rodents suggest that early life exposure to neurotoxicants or dietary restriction of folate and other B vitamins result in epigenetic modifications of AD related genes in the animal brains. Similarly, studies performed on human neuronal cell cultures revealed that folate and other B vitamins deprivation from the media resulted in epigenetic modification of the PSEN1 gene. There is also evidence of epigenetic modifications in the DNA extracted from blood and brains of AD subjects. Here I review one-carbon metabolism in AD, with emphasis on possible epigenetic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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25
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Subramanian MV, James TJ. Supplementation of deprenyl attenuates age associated alterations in rat cerebellum. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3653-61. [PMID: 20213513 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging, a multifactorial process of enormous complexity is characterised by physio-chemical and biological aspects of cellular functions. It is closely associated with changes in metabolism of various biological molecules in the system. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of deprenyl on cerebellum during ageing process in male Wistar rats with respect to the changes in levels of protein, glycoproteins and amino acids in experimental rats of three age groups (6, 12 and 18 months old). Intraperitoneal administration of liquid deprenyl (2 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 15 days i.p., significantly P < 0.05) attenuated age-associated alterations in the levels of amino acids (taurine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, hydroxy proline and homocysteine), protein content and glycoprotein components (hexose and hexosamine) in the rat cerebellum. The results of the present investigation indicate that the protective effect of deprenyl is probably related to its ability to strengthen the neuronal membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju V Subramanian
- Division of Neurobiology and Ageing, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Cochin, 682013, India.
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Protective effect of isoflavones against homocysteine-mediated neuronal degeneration in SH-SY5Y cells. Amino Acids 2010; 39:785-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Matté C, Mackedanz V, Stefanello FM, Scherer EB, Andreazza AC, Zanotto C, Moro AM, Garcia SC, Gonçalves CA, Erdtmann B, Salvador M, Wyse AT. Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia alters antioxidant defenses and increases DNA damage in brain and blood of rats: Protective effect of folic acid. Neurochem Int 2009; 54:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Hirohata S. Histopathology of central nervous system lesions in Behçet's disease. J Neurol Sci 2008; 267:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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