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Devi TC, Singh HS. Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Meitei women of Manipur, Northeast India: A cross-sectional study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24029. [PMID: 38108608 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examines the outcomes of pregnancies conceived at advanced maternal age (AMA) and maternal complications after childbirth among Meitei women of Northeast India. METHOD A total of 760 women participants were included in this study and compared among women aged ≥35 years, with a reference group of women aged 20-34 years. Data on obstetric characteristics were collected after obtaining consent. The data were compared using chi-square analysis, and the results were adjusted using a logistic regression model. Decision trees were developed to predict the potential variables associated with preterm delivery and postpartum complication. RESULTS In the study, 18.95% of AMA women experienced one or more adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Women with AMA are at significantly increased risk of placenta previa (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.78-8.57), induction of labor (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI: 2.48-5.50), and caesarean section (AOR = 3.42, 95%CI: 2.28-5.12). Moreover, AMA women have a 1.86-2.76 AOR for developing gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, urinary tract infections, preterm delivery, and postpartum complications. Decision tree analysis revealed that AMA and urban residence independently predict preterm delivery and postpartum complications. CONCLUSION The study's findings confirm the adverse impact of AMA on pregnancy outcomes and postpartum complications. Such issues should be addressed, and counseling on the risk of AMA should be provided, particularly for those in the high-risk group. Further prospective studies are needed to understand other potential risk factors of APOs and the impact of AMA complications to prevent the associated burden.
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Koijam AS, Hijam AC, Singh AS, Jaiswal P, Mukhopadhyay K, Rajamma U, Haobam R. Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene with Heroin Dependence in an Indian Subpopulation from Manipur. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:122-136. [PMID: 32557146 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) or solute carrier family 6 member 3 (SLC6A3) is a transmembrane protein regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission. It has been implicated in playing important roles in the dopaminergic reward pathways, and thus, DAT1 is a strong candidate gene for association studies with heroin dependence. A case-control study involving 279 individuals (147 controls and 132 heroin-dependent cases) was conducted. Ten polymorphisms of the DAT1 (SLC6A3) gene were analysed for its association with heroin dependence. Following the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test, genetic association analyses were performed for the study groups. The post hoc statistical power of the study was 0.655 (65.5%). Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs246997 was found to be significantly associated with heroin dependence at allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic levels. A significant difference in the distribution of 11R allele and 10R/11R genotype of rs28363170 between heroin-dependent cases and controls was also observed. Nominal significance at degrees of freedom (df) = 5 was also observed for rs28363170. Five bimarker-based haplotype combinations were also found to be associated with heroin dependence. For the first time, 13R allele (7R/13R genotype) and 14R allele (7R/14R genotype) were identified for rs3836790 in the population. The study also reports that the 11R allele and 10R/11R genotype of rs28363170 is associated with protection against heroin dependence. 7R and 6R alleles were also found to be the common alleles of rs3836790 in the study population. The study provides evidence for the association of polymorphisms of DAT1 (SLC6A3) with heroin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Singh Koijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India
| | - Aruna Chanu Hijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India
| | - Asem Surindro Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Preeti Jaiswal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector-J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector-J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector-J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Development & Aging Research, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, MG University Campus, Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India.
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Kshatriya GK, Panmei T, Kameih G. Alu insertion-deletion polymorphisms in the Tibeto-Burman speaking tribal groups of Manipur, North-East India. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Singh G, Bhanwer A. Distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme gene (insertion/deletion) polymorphism in Indian populations. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Association of DD genotype of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (I/D) polymorphism with hypertension among a North Indian population. J Community Genet 2017; 9:51-55. [PMID: 28770441 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic predisposition to the risk of developing hypertension due to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism (through altered serum ACE activity) is well documented among various populations. The present study investigated the possible association between ACE (DD) genotype and hypertension using a nested case-control study design including 451 individuals (of either sex in the age group 30-65 years) from a rural North Indian population practicing agriculture and lacto-vegetarianism. Blood Pressure was classified using JNC-7 criterion. Age- and sex-matched individuals were selected from normotensive (N-122), pre-hypertensive (N-123), hypertensive not on medication (N-122), and hypertensive on medication (N-84) categories. Amplification of DNA and genotyping of PCR product was done using standard protocols. From the analysis, comparatively higher frequency of individuals with DD genotype in the hypertensive category was observed, indicating a possible relation between DD genotype and hypertension. The odds ratio analysis revealed 2.225 (1.13-4.37)-fold significant increased risk for hypertension among cases, validating the vulnerability of individuals with DD genotype towards hypertension. Thus, the present study highlights the increased risk for developing hypertension due to ACE DD genotype in the studied population.
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Singh G, Talwar I, Sandhu HS, Matharoo K, Bhanwer AJS. Genetic dissection of five ethnic groups from Punjab, North-West India-A study based on Autosomal Markers. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2017; 26:25-32. [PMID: 28549544 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the applicability of Alu insertion elements and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in forensic identification and estimated the extent of genetic variation in five major ethnic groups of Punjab, North-West India. A total of 1012 unrelated samples belonging to Banias, Brahmins, Jat Sikhs, Khatris and Scheduled Castes were genotyped for four Alu elements (ACE, APO, PLAT, D1) and six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms [ESR (PvuII), LPL (PvuII), HTR2A (MspI), DRD2 Taq1A, Taq1B, Taq1D]. Allele frequencies observed heterozygosity and forensic efficacy parameters were determined. The data on the genetic affinity of the studied populations among themselves and with other populations of India was also analysed using a Neighbor-Joining tree and multidimensional scaling plot respectively. All the 10 loci were polymorphic and their average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.3872 (Banias) to 0.4311 (Scheduled Castes). Allele frequency variation at the 9 out of 10 loci led to statistically significant pairwise differences among the five study population groups. The result from AMOVA, Structure analysis, and Phylogenetic tree suggests that these populations are homogenous. In the multidimensional scaling plot, the present study populations formed a compact cluster clearly separated from other populations, suggesting a unique genetic identity of the Punjab populations as a whole. All these observations suggest that either a recent common origin of these populations or extensive gene flow across the populations that dissolve the original genetic differences. The data generated in this study will be useful for forensic genetics, molecular anthropological and demographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Indu Talwar
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Harkirat Singh Sandhu
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Kawaljit Matharoo
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - A J S Bhanwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Singh G, Talwar I, Sharma R, Matharoo K, Bhanwer AJS. Genetic differentiation and population structure of five ethnic groups of Punjab (North-West India). Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2055-2063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and alcohol consumption in hyperhomocysteinaemia: a population-based study from northeast India. J Genet 2016; 94:121-4. [PMID: 25846884 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Distribution of beta-globin haplotypes among the tribes of southern Gujarat, India. Gene 2013; 521:287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Achoubi N, Asghar M, Saraswathy KN, Murry B. Prevalence of β-Thalassemia and hemoglobin E in two migrant populations of Manipur, North East India. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 16:1195-200. [PMID: 23057593 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are a group of inherited single-gene disorders found commonly in the Mediterranean region, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Burma, and South East Asia. As many as 229 mutation variants of β-thalassemia are reported in the world, many community/region-specific mutations. Very little on thalassemia has been reported in Manipur, a North Eastern Indian state. Thus, a community genetic approach through population screening can be applied to the people of Manipur and a total of 602 blood samples from unrelated Meitei Brahmins (n=300) and Meitei Muslims (n=302) were screened for abnormal hemoglobins by Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test (NESTROFT). HBA(2) level was estimated by using high-performance liquid chromatography and molecular analysis was done by using PCR. Sequencing was also carried out to confirm the mutations. High frequencies of NESTROFT positive (10%) and NESTROFT doubtful (11%) cases were found among the Meitei Brahmins in comparison to the Meitei Muslims [NESTROFT positive (3.31%) and NESTROFT doubtful (1.33%)]. The allele frequency of HB*E was 0.022 and 0.012 among the Meitei Brahmin and Meitei Muslim, respectively. Sequencing of the β-globin gene confirmed a very rare β-thalassemia [-90 C→T (0.33%)] among the Meitei Brahmins of Manipur. This mutation with hemoglobin E in one of the present population hints the presence of the Mongoloid stock among them, possibly from China. There is a need for further studies on other populations of Manipur and the neighboring North East Indian states using such genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongthombam Achoubi
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Suraj Singh H, Ghosh PK, Saraswathy KN. DRD2 and ANKK1 gene polymorphisms and alcohol dependence: a case-control study among a Mendelian population of East Asian ancestry. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:409-14. [PMID: 23443985 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dopamine receptors are extensively studied in association with alcohol dependence (AD), since they are thought to be the key neural substrate for alcohol and other drug-related reinforcement and reward behaviours. The present study aims to understand the role of dopamine receptors in susceptibility to AD with respect to three sites of DRD2 gene (-141C Ins/Del, TaqIB and TaqID) and TaqIA site of ANKK1 gene among Meiteis of Manipur, a Mendelian population of India. METHODS A total of 129 individuals who all met the DSM-IV criteria for AD and 286 controls were screened for four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -141C Ins/Del, TaqIB TaqID and TaqIA. Both AD cases and controls were unrelated up to first cousin. RESULTS Early age of onset of alcohol consumption and smoking status were significantly associated with AD. Improvement in education and occupation statuses showed decreased risk of AD. The heterozygous and mutant homozygous conditions of ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism were found to be significantly associated with AD (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidential interval 1.04-4.39, P < 0.05), whereas a borderline significance of the -141C Del allele was observed (P = 0.059). Such a trend was not observed between AD and the other polymorphism, i.e., TaqIB and TaqID. CONCLUSIONS Individuals carrying the A1 allele of ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism may be relatively more susceptible to AD. Interaction of both ANKK1 TaqIA and -141C Ins/Del polymorphism is likely to increase risk of AD phenotypes among Meiteis of Manipur, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidrom Suraj Singh
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Asghar M, Kabita S, Kalla L, Murry B, Saraswathy KN. Prevalence of MTHFR, Factor V, ACE and APOE gene polymorphisms among Muslims of Manipur, India. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 40:83-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.737832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Genomic diversity and affinities in population groups of North West India: an analysis of Alu insertion and a single nucleotide polymorphism. Gene 2012; 511:293-9. [PMID: 22995348 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The North West region of India is extremely important to understand the peopling of India, as it acted as a corridor to the foreign invaders from Eurasia and Central Asia. A series of these invasions along with multiple migrations led to intermixture of variable populations, strongly contributing to genetic variations. The present investigation was designed to explore the genetic diversities and affinities among the five major ethnic groups from North West India; Brahmin, Jat Sikh, Bania, Rajput and Gujjar. A total of 327 individuals of the abovementioned ethnic groups were analyzed for 4 Alu insertion marker loci (ACE, PV92, APO and D1) and a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs2234693 in the intronic region of the ESR1 gene. Statistical analysis was performed to interpret the genetic structure and diversity of the population groups. Genotypes for ACE, APO, ESR1 and PV92 loci were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the ethnic groups, while significant departures were observed at the D1 locus in every investigated population after Bonferroni's correction. The average heterozygosity for all the loci in these ethnic groups was fairly substantial ranging from 0.3927 ± 0.1877 to 0.4333 ± 0.1416. Inbreeding coefficient indicated an overall 10% decrease in heterozygosity in these North West Indian populations. The gene differentiation among the populations was observed to be of the order of 0.013. Genetic distance estimates revealed that Gujjars were close to Banias and Jat Sikhs were close to Rajputs. Overall the study favored the recent division of the populations of North West India into largely endogamous groups. It was observed that the populations of North West India represent a more or less homogenous genetic entity, owing to their common ancestral history as well as geographical proximity.
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MEITEI SANJENBAMYAIPHABA, MEITEI KHANGEMBAMSOMIBABU, MURRY BENRITHUNG, MONDAL PRAKASHRANJAN, SARASWATHY KALLURNAVA, GHOSH PRADEEPKUMAR, SACHDEVA MOHINDERPAL. Common genetic heritage and admixture among Indian population groups as revealed by mtDNA markers. ANTHROPOL SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - KHANGEMBAM SOMIBABU MEITEI
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi
| | - BENRITHUNG MURRY
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi
| | - PRAKASH RANJAN MONDAL
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi
| | - KALLUR NAVA SARASWATHY
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi
| | - PRADEEP KUMAR GHOSH
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi
| | - MOHINDER PAL SACHDEVA
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi
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Mondal PR, Saksena D, Sachdeva MP, Murry B, Meitei KS, Samtani R, Saraswathy KN. The Genomic Similarities with Linguistic Difference: A Study Among the Oraon and Munda Tribes of the Ranchi District, Jharkhand, India. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:443-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepti Saksena
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Ratika Samtani
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Kshatriya GK, Aggarwal A, Khurana P, Italia YM. Genomic congruence of Indo-European speaking tribes of western India with Dravidian-speaking populations of southern India: A study of 20 autosomal DNA markers. Ann Hum Biol 2011; 38:583-91. [PMID: 21561300 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2011.577455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam K Kshatriya
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi , Delhi - 110007, India.
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Meitei KS, Meitei SY, Asghar M, Achoubi N, Murry B, Mondal PR, Sachdeva MP, Saraswathy KN. A Genomic Insight into the Peopling of Manipur, India. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:765-73. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khangembam Somibabu Meitei
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjenbam Yaiphaba Meitei
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nongthombam Achoubi
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Benrithung Murry
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prakash Ranjan Mondal
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohinder Pal Sachdeva
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kallur Nava Saraswathy
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropological Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Saraswathy KN, Sanjenbam YM, Murry B, Devi KN, Sinha E, Gupta V, Mukhopadhyay R, Mohammad A, Nongthomban AD, Khangenbam SM, Sachdeva MP. Population Severance in Manipur at Dopamine Receptor D2 Locus. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:831-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kallur N. Saraswathy
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yaiphaba M. Sanjenbam
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Benrithung Murry
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kiranmala N. Devi
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ekata Sinha
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Asghar Mohammad
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Achoubi Devi Nongthomban
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Somibabu Meitei Khangenbam
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohinder P. Sachdeva
- Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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