miR-153-3p Attenuates the Development of Gastric Cancer by Suppressing SphK2

Sphingosine kinase 2 in cancer: A review of its expression, function, and inhibitor development

Cancer is a major public health problem facing contemporary society. Notwithstanding considerable progress in medicine in recent decades, a cure for numerous cancer kinds continues to be unattainable. Thus, the pursuit of innovative therapeutic targets and methodologies remains paramount in medical research. The advancement of lipidomics has progressively revealed the essential roles of lipid metabolic pathways. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are essential molecules in sphingolipid metabolism, significantly influencing physiological functions. Two isoforms of SphK exist including SphK1 and SphK2, both of which exhibit significant expression levels within a spectrum of cancers. The involvement of SphK1 in carcinogenesis has been thoroughly documented, whereas the significance of SphK2 in cancer remains inadequately elucidated. This review retrospectively and extensively elucidates the expression and distribution of SphK2 in cancer, its methods of action, and advancements in inhibitor research, emphasizing the varied functions of the SphK2 in oncogenesis. The objective is to furnish novel insights for study and therapeutic applications concerning SphK2 in oncology.

The regulatory role of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in gastric cancer: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

N6-methyladenosinen (m⁶A) methylation is a frequent RNA methylation modification that is regulated by three proteins: "writers", "erasers", and "readers". The m⁶A modification regulates RNA stability and other mechanisms, including translation, cleavage, and degradation. Interestingly, recent research has linked m⁶A RNA modification to the occurrence and development of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. This review summarizes the regulatory role of m⁶A RNA modification in gastric cancer (GC), including targets, the mechanisms of action, and the potential signaling pathways. Our present findings can facilitate our understanding of the significance of m⁶A RNA modification in GC.

FTX Regulated miR-153-3p/FOXR2 to Promote Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

Purpose

The present study was aimed at exploring the role of FTX in cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods

QPCR was applied to evaluate mRNA expression in OC tissue and cells. CCK-8 assay was conducted to evaluate cell proliferation. Transwell chamber assay was performed to evaluate invasion of SKOV3/DDP cells. The protein expression was evaluated via western blot assay. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP cells.

Results

The expression of FTX in DDP-resistant cells was observably higher in contrast to DDP-sensitive cells and normal ovarian cells. FTX was higher expressed in DDP-resistant tissues by comparison with DDP-sensitive tissues. Knockdown of FTX obviously suppressed the proliferation ability invasion ability of SKOV3/DDP cells. Knockdown of FTX obviously enhanced apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP cells. miR-153-3p was proved to be directly regulated by FTX via the luciferase reporter assays. By comparison with normal cells, miR-153-3p was lower expressed in OC cells. miR-153-3p was lower expressed in SKOV3/DDP cells in contrast to SKOV3 cells. More interestingly, FTX reversed the inhibiting influence of miR-153-3p on cisplatin resistance of OC cells. Moreover, miR-153-3p was proved to directly regulate FOXR2. Knockdown of miR-153-3p attenuated the inhibitory influence of knockdown FOXR2 on cisplatin resistance of OC cells.

Conclusion

FTX regulated miR-153-3p/FOXR2 to promote cisplatin resistance via inhibiting the apoptosis and promoting the viability and invasion in OC.