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de Novais LMR, de Arueira CCO, Ferreira LF, Ribeiro TAN, Sousa PT, Jacinto MJ, de Carvalho MG, Judice WAS, Jesus LOP, de Souza AA, Torquato HFV, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Silva VC. 4'-Hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-3-methoxyflavone: A novel flavonoid from Dulacia egleri with potential inhibitory activity against cathepsins B and L. Fitoterapia 2018; 132:26-29. [PMID: 30114470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new flavone, 4'-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-3-methoxyflavone 1, and two other nucleosides, ribavirin 2 and adenosine 3, were isolated from the leaves of Dulacia egleri. The nucleosides were identified by spectroscopic techniques (1D, 2D-NMR) while the structure of the flavonoid was established by 1D, 2D-NMR analysis, including HRESIMS data. The results obtained in the biological assays showed that the compound 1 was able to inhibit cathepsins B and L with IC50 of 14.88 ± 0.18 μM and 3.19 ± 0.07 μM, respectively. The mechanism of inhibition for both enzymes were determined showing to be competitive at cathepsin B with Ki = 12.8 ± 0.6 μM and non-linear non-competitive with positive cooperativity inhibition at cathepsin L with Ki = 322 ± 33 μM, αKi = 133 ± 15 μM, βKi = 5.14 ± 0.41 μM and γKi = 13.2 ± 13 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leice M R de Novais
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz F Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Tereza A N Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Paulo T Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Jacinto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Mário G de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner A S Judice
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa O P Jesus
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline A de Souza
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Heron F V Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginia C Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Wohl BM, Smith AAA, Jensen BEB, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular (pro)drugs with concurrent direct activity against the hepatitis C virus and inflammation. J Control Release 2014; 196:197-207. [PMID: 25451544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular prodrugs (MPs) are a powerful tool to alleviate side-effects and improve the efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin. In this work, we sought an understanding of what makes an optimal formulation within the macromolecular parameter space--nature of the polymer carrier, average molar mass, drug loading, or a good combination thereof. A panel of MPs based on biocompatible synthetic vinylic and (meth)acrylic polymers was tested in an anti-inflammatory assay with relevance to alleviating inflammation in the liver during hepatitis C infection. Pristine polymer carriers proved to have a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, a notion which may prove significant in developing MPs for antiviral and anticancer treatments. With conjugated ribavirin, MPs revealed enhanced activity but also higher toxicity. Therapeutic windows and therapeutic indices were determined and discussed to reveal the most potent formulation and those with optimized safety. Polymers were also tested as inhibitors of replication of the hepatitis C viral RNA using a subgenomic viral replicon system. For the first time, negatively charged polymers are revealed to have an intracellular activity against hepatitis C virus replication. Concerted activity of the polymer and ribavirin afforded MPs which significantly increased the therapeutic index of ribavirin-based treatment. Taken together, the systematic investigation of the macromolecular space identified lead candidates with high efficacy and concurrent direct activity against the hepatitis C virus and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wohl
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Anton A A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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Smith AAA, Kryger MBL, Wohl BM, Ruiz-Sanchis P, Zuwala K, Tolstrup M, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular (pro)drugs in antiviral research. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00624k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kryger MBL, Smith AAA, Wohl BM, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular prodrugs for controlled delivery of ribavirin. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:173-85. [PMID: 24105953 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV)-containing polymers are synthesized based on poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(acrylic acid), two polymers with extensive characterization in biomedicine. The copolymers are shown to exhibit a minor to negligible degree of association with erythrocytes, thus effectively eliminating the origin of the main side effects of RBV. The therapeutic benefit of macromolecular RBV prodrugs is illustrated by matched efficacy in suppressing production of nitric oxide by stimulated cultured macrophages as compared to pristine RBV with no associated cytotoxicity, which is in stark contrast to an RBV-based treatment which results in a significant decrease in cell viability. These results contribute to the development of antiviral polymer therapeutics and delivery of RBV in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille B L Kryger
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Gustav WiedsVej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Kryger MBL, Wohl BM, Smith AAA, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin combat side effects and toxicity with no loss of activity of the drug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2643-5. [PMID: 23431562 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemi-enzymatic synthesis of ribavirin acrylate and subsequent RAFT co-polymerization with acrylic acid afforded a formulation of a broad spectrum antiviral drug which avoids accumulation in erythrocytes, the origin of the main side effect of ribavirin. In cultured macrophages the macromolecular prodrugs exhibited decreased toxicity while maintaining the anti-inflammatory action of ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille B L Kryger
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Li N, Smith TJ, Zong MH. Biocatalytic transformation of nucleoside derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:348-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li X, Wu Q, Chen Z, Gong X, Lin X. Preparation, characterization and controlled release of liver-targeting nanoparticles from the amphiphilic random copolymer. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li X, Wu Q, Lu M, Zhang F, Lin X. Novel hepatoma-targeting micelles based on chemoenzymatic synthesis and self-assembly of galactose-functionalized ribavirin-containing amphiphilic random copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu BK, Wang N, Chen ZC, Wu Q, Lin XF. Markedly enhancing lipase-catalyzed synthesis of nucleoside drugs’ ester by using a mixture system containing organic solvents and ionic liquid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3769-71. [PMID: 16682199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eightfold higher yields and three times faster reaction rates were achieved by means of using a mixture solvent system composed of 90% acetone and 10% [BMIM]BF4 in the lipase-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of polymerizable ester of nucleoside drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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