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Al Riyami SA, Ebrahim K, Ahmadizad S, Tanaka H, Pluncevikj Gligoroska J. Cardiac structure and function of elite volleyball players across different playing positions. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:360-366. [PMID: 35785932 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball is a popular Olympic sport but has been little studied. Volleyball players have very distinct roles based on their playing positions. The present study aimed to investigate and compare cardiac functions and structure in elite volleyball players across different playing positions. METHODS Left ventricular structure and function were measured using echocardiography in 60 male professional volleyball players (30.6±3.6 years) across five playing positions including libero, opposite players, outside hitters, middle blockers, and setters. RESULTS Significant differences in most echocardiographic variables were observed among different playing positions, including left ventricular (LV) internal dimension, posterior wall thickness, intact ventricular septum, stroke volume, cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening (all P<0.01). End-systolic volume was not different among positions (P=0.167). The opposite players demonstrated greater LV dimension and thickness as well as systolic function than players in other positions (P<0.05). Stroke volume in the setters was significantly lower than those of the opposite players and outside hitters (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the playing position independently predicted most of the echocardiographic variables (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LV adaptations in volleyball players vary widely according to their playing positions. The opposite players had the most pronounced LV adaptations compared with player in other positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab A Al Riyami
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran -
| | - Khosrow Ebrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Ahmadizad
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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E. W, Yu Q, Guo H. Sports Medicine Image Modeling for Injury Prevention in Basketball Training. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:5742543. [PMID: 35992544 PMCID: PMC9356860 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5742543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of sports medical image in basketball training, a sports medical image modeling research method based on injury prevention in basketball training was proposed. By the method, the current situation of sports injury in university basketball was investigated. At the same time, the injury factors were analyzed on four occasions, including basketball class, extracurricular activities, competition, and training. In order to reduce the occurrence of injury and enhance the security of basketball sports for nonbasketball students of physical education, combined with the problems and reasons, the corresponding suggestions were put forward. Through the experiment, it was found that the incidence of basketball injury for nonbasketball male university students was as high as 90.7%. The results of the experiment showed that it was necessary to enhance the awareness of self-protection, control emotions and exhibitionism, strengthen physical training, attach importance to basic skills training, do warm-up activities, stay focused, pay attention to exercise load, and prevent excessive fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie E.
- Physical Education College, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiufen Yu
- Physical Education College, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Guo
- Physical Education College, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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St. Pierre SR, Peirlinck M, Kuhl E. Sex Matters: A Comprehensive Comparison of Female and Male Hearts. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831179. [PMID: 35392369 PMCID: PMC8980481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease in women remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Recent studies suggest that this is caused, at least in part, by the lack of sex-specific diagnostic criteria. While it is widely recognized that the female heart is smaller than the male heart, it has long been ignored that it also has a different microstructural architecture. This has severe implications on a multitude of cardiac parameters. Here, we systematically review and compare geometric, functional, and structural parameters of female and male hearts, both in the healthy population and in athletes. Our study finds that, compared to the male heart, the female heart has a larger ejection fraction and beats at a faster rate but generates a smaller cardiac output. It has a lower blood pressure but produces universally larger contractile strains. Critically, allometric scaling, e.g., by lean body mass, reduces but does not completely eliminate the sex differences between female and male hearts. Our results suggest that the sex differences in cardiac form and function are too complex to be ignored: the female heart is not just a small version of the male heart. When using similar diagnostic criteria for female and male hearts, cardiac disease in women is frequently overlooked by routine exams, and it is diagnosed later and with more severe symptoms than in men. Clearly, there is an urgent need to better understand the female heart and design sex-specific diagnostic criteria that will allow us to diagnose cardiac disease in women equally as early, robustly, and reliably as in men. Systematic Review Registration https://livingmatter.stanford.edu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. St. Pierre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mathias Peirlinck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Athlete’s Heart in Elite Biathlon, Nordic Cross—Country and Ski-Mountaineering Athletes: Cardiac Adaptions Determined Using Echocardiographic Data. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 9:jcdd9010008. [PMID: 35050218 PMCID: PMC8779238 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve world elite Biathlon (Bia), ten Nordic Cross Country (NCC) and ten ski-mountaineering (Ski-Mo) athletes were evaluated for pronounced echocardiographic physiological cardiac remodeling as a primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. In this context, sports-related cardiac remodeling was analyzed by performing two-dimensional echocardiography including speckle tracking analysis as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS). A multicenter retrospective analysis of echocardiographic data was performed in 32 elite world winter sports athletes, which were obtained between 2020 and 2021 during the annual medical examination. The matched data of the elite world winter sports athletes (14 women, 18 male athletes, age: 18–35 years) were compared for different echocardiographic parameters. Significant differences could be revealed for left ventricular systolic function (LV-EF, p = 0.0001), left ventricular mass index (LV Mass index, p = 0.0078), left atrial remodeling by left atrial volume index (LAVI, p = 0.0052), and LV-GLS (p = 0.0003) between the three professional winter sports disciplines. This report provides new evidence that resting measures of cardiac structure and function in elite winter sport professionals can identify sport specific remodeling of the left heart, against the background of training schedule and training frequency.
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Gherghel A, Badau D, Badau A, Moraru L, Manolache GM, Oancea BM, Tifrea C, Tudor V, Costache RM. Optimizing the Explosive Force of the Elite Level Football-Tennis Players through Plyometric and Specific Exercises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158228. [PMID: 34360523 PMCID: PMC8345974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to implement an athletic program to improve the explosive force in order to optimize physical fitness at the level of elite football-tennis players and evaluate the progress made through specific tests using the Opto Jump. The research included 10 elite European and world-class players, on whom an experimental program was applied in order to improve the explosive force of the limbs in conditions of speed, endurance, and dynamic balance. Study tests: five vertical jumps on the spot, on the left/right leg; five back and forth jumps on the left/right leg; five left/right side jumps on the left/right leg; vertical jumps on both legs 60 s; BFS vertical jumps. For each test, the following parameters specific to the explosive force were statistically analyzed: contact time (s); flight time (s); jump height (cm), jump power (w/kg); RSI—Reactive Strength Index, defined as Height (m/s). In the study, the average value of the parameters specific to the jumps performed in each test was taken into account. During the study, the tests were performed and processed on the Opto Jump device and software. In all tests of the experiment monitored through Opto Jump, significant progress was made in the final test compared to the initial one, which demonstrates the efficiency of the physical training program implemented for the development of explosive force, with an impact on the sports performance of elite players. The most relevant results obtained for the left leg regarding the improvement of the explosive force of the lower limbs materialized in the jump height parameter was in the test of five vertical jumps on one leg on the spot, and for the right leg in the tests of: five back and forth jumps and five left/right side jumps. The most significant advances in the study were in the tests, in descending order of their weight: 60 s vertical jumps on both legs; five back-and-forth jumps and five left/right side jumps, five vertical jumps on one leg standing, and BFS vertical jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Gherghel
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Dana Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Adela Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Bogdan Marian Oancea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Corina Tifrea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Virgil Tudor
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Raluca Maria Costache
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
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