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Bossin L, Plokhikh I, Christensen JB, Gawryluk DJ, Kitagawa Y, Leblans P, Tanabe S, Vandenbroucke D, Yukihara EG. Addressing Current Challenges in OSL Dosimetry Using MgB 4O 7:Ce,Li: State of the Art, Limitations and Avenues of Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3051. [PMID: 37109886 PMCID: PMC10142933 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to review and assess the potential of MgB4O7:Ce,Li to fill in the gaps where the need for a new material for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry has been identified. We offer a critical assessment of the operational properties of MgB4O7:Ce,Li for OSL dosimetry, as reviewed in the literature and complemented by measurements of thermoluminescence spectroscopy, sensitivity, thermal stability, lifetime of the luminescence emission, dose response at high doses (>1000 Gy), fading and bleachability. Overall, compared with Al2O3:C, for example, MgB4O7:Ce,Li shows a comparable OSL signal intensity following exposure to ionizing radiation, a higher saturation limit (ca 7000 Gy) and a shorter luminescence lifetime (31.5 ns). MgB4O7:Ce,Li is, however, not yet an optimum material for OSL dosimetry, as it exhibits anomalous fading and shallow traps. Further optimization is therefore needed, and possible avenues of investigation encompass gaining a better understanding of the roles of the synthesis route and dopants and of the nature of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Bossin
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
| | - Igor Plokhikh
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Brage Christensen
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
| | - Dariusz Jakub Gawryluk
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yuuki Kitagawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Paul Leblans
- Radiology Division, Agfa NV, 2640 Mortsel, Belgium
| | - Setsuhisa Tanabe
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Eduardo Gardenali Yukihara
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland (E.G.Y.)
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Ramalingam S, Samsuddin SM, Yusof N, Mohd S, Hanafi NN, Min NW, Mansor A. Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019; 26:2309499018770906. [PMID: 29695196 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018770906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone allografts supplied by University Malaya Medical Centre Bone Bank are sterilized by gamma radiation at 25 kGy in dry ice (DI) to minimize radiation effects. Use of cheaper and easily available cooling materials, gel ice (GI) and ice pack (IP), was explored. Composites of DI and GI were also studied for the use in routine transportations and radiation process. METHODS (a) Five dummy bones were packed with DI, GI, or IP in a polystyrene box. The bone temperatures were monitored while the boxes were placed at room temperature over 96 h. Durations for each cooling material maintaining freezing temperatures below -40°C, -20°C, and 0°C were obtained from the bone temperature over time profiles. (b) Composites of DI (20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 kg) and GI were used to pack five dummy bones in a polystyrene box. The durations maintaining varying levels of freezing temperature were compared. RESULTS DI (20 kg) maintained temperature below -40°C for 76.4 h as compared to 6.3 h in GI (20 bags) and 4.0 h in IP (15 packs). Composites of 15DI (15 kg DI and 9 GI bags) and 10DI (10 kg DI and 17 GI bags) maintained the temperature below -40°C for 61 and 35.5 h, respectively. CONCLUSION Composites of DI and GI can be used to maintain bones in deep frozen state during irradiation, thus avoiding radiation effects on biomechanical properties. Sterile frozen bone allograft with preserved functional properties is required in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Ramalingam
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mazni Samsuddin
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norimah Yusof
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Mohd
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhafizatul Nadia Hanafi
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ng Wuey Min
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mansor
- Bone Bank, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Green CM, Buckley SC, Hamer AJ, Kerry RM, Harrison TP. Long-term results of acetabular reconstruction using irradiated allograft bone. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:1449-1454. [PMID: 30418060 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b11.bjj-2018-0478.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The management of acetabular defects at the time of revision hip arthroplasty surgery is a challenge. This study presents the results of a long-term follow-up study of the use of irradiated allograft bone in acetabular reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1990 and 2000, 123 hips in 110 patients underwent acetabular reconstruction for aseptic loosening, using impaction bone grafting with frozen, irradiated, and morsellized femoral heads and a cemented acetabular component. A total of 55 men and 55 women with a mean age of 64.3 years (26 to 97) at the time of revision surgery are included in this study. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 16.9 years, there had been 23 revisions (18.7%), including ten for infection, eight for aseptic loosening, and three for dislocation. Of the 66 surviving hips (58 patients) that could be reassessed, 50 hips (42 patients; 75.6%) were still functioning satisfactorily. Union of the graft had occurred in all hips with a surviving implant. Survival analysis for all indications was 80.6% at 15 years (55 patients at risk, 95% confidence interval (CI) 71.1 to 87.2) and 73.7% at 20 years (eight patients at risk, 95% CI 61.6 to 82.5). CONCLUSION Acetabular reconstruction using frozen, irradiated, and morsellized allograft bone and a cemented acetabular component is an effective method of treatment. It gives satisfactory long-term results and is comparable to other types of reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1449-54.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Green
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S C Buckley
- Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - A J Hamer
- Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R M Kerry
- Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - T P Harrison
- Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Leow-Dyke SF, Rooney P, Kearney JN. The efficacy and sterilisation of human decellularised dermal allografts with combinations of cupric ions and hydrogen peroxide. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:561-572. [PMID: 28952000 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Decellularised tissue allografts have been used in reconstructive surgical applications and transplantation for many years. Some of the current methods of sterilisation have a detrimental effect on the tissue graft structure and function. The anti-microbial activity of cupric ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are well known however their combined application is not currently utilised as a decontamination agent in the tissue banking world sector. The aim of this study was to determine the combined concentrations of copper chloride (CuCl2) and H2O2 that have the optimal bactericidal and sporicidal activity on decellularised (dCELL) human dermis. The first part of this study established the decimal reduction time (D-value) of CuCl2 (0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L) together with H2O2 (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis spores. The second part of this study identified the most effective CuCl2 and H2O2 concentration that decontaminated dCELL human dermis inoculated with these pathogens. Of all the concentrations tested, 0.1 mg/L CuCl2 in combination with 1% H2O2 had the shortest D-value; S. epidermidis D = 3.15 min, E. coli D = 2.62 min and B. subtilis spores D = 18.05 min. However when adsorbed onto dCELL dermis, S. epidermidis and E. coli were more susceptible to 1 mg/L CuCl2 together with 0.5% H2O2. These studies show promise of CuCl2-H2O2 formulations as potential sterilants for decellularised dermal allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Leow-Dyke
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D, Liverpool, UK. .,Public Health England, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester, UK.
| | - P Rooney
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D, Liverpool, UK
| | - J N Kearney
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D, Liverpool, UK
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Leow-Dyke SF, Rooney P, Kearney JN. Evaluation of Copper and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatments on the Biology, Biomechanics, and Cytotoxicity of Decellularized Dermal Allografts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:290-300. [PMID: 26701226 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized tissue allografts are paving the way as an alternative to cellular tissue transplantation. Effective sterilization or decontamination of tissue allografts is paramount for the safety of the allograft; however, some of the current sterilization procedures have a detrimental effect on the tissue scaffold. The bactericidal and virucidal activity of copper (II) ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been widely reported, however, their effect on the biology, biochemistry, and biocompatibility of decellularized tissue have yet to be elucidated. In this study, decellularized human dermis (dCELL human dermis) was treated with copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) and H2O2; both singly and in combination, and parameters, including concentration, pH, and synergy between CuCl2 and H2O2, were evaluated to identify conditions where any detrimental effects on the tissue scaffold were observed. Skin from 13 human donors was retrieved with appropriate consent and processed into dCELL human dermis. The dCELL human dermis was then treated for 3 h with 0.1 mg/L-1 g/L (w/v) CuCl2 and 0.01-7.5% (v/v) H2O2 and combinations of both of these in the same concentration range. dCELL human dermis treated with solutions of 0.1 mg/L-1 g/L CuCl2 or 0.01-7.5% H2O2 caused no detrimental effects on gross histology, collagen denaturation, collagen orientation, and biomechanical properties of the tissue or cytotoxicity. The highest combined concentration of CuCl2 and H2O2 demonstrated an increase in ultimate tensile strength, loss of collagen type IV immunostaining at the dermal-epidermal junction, and in vitro cytotoxicity. Combinations within the range of up to 10 mg/L CuCl2 with up to 0.5% H2O2 had no effect. The data identify the concentrations of CuCl2 and H2O2 solutions that have no effect on the biological, biomechanical, and biochemical properties of dCELL human dermis, while retaining biocompatibility. These treatments may be suitable for use as sterilization/decontamination agents on human decellularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie F Leow-Dyke
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rooney
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John N Kearney
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Tissue Services R&D , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hogg P, Rooney P, Leow-Dyke S, Brown C, Ingham E, Kearney JN. Development of a terminally sterilised decellularised dermis. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 16:351-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Costain DJ, Crawford RW. Fresh-frozen vs. irradiated allograft bone in orthopaedic reconstructive surgery. Injury 2009; 40:1260-4. [PMID: 19486972 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of allograft bone is increasingly common in orthopaedic reconstruction procedures. The optimal method of preparation of allograft bone is subject of great debate. Proponents of fresh-frozen graft cite improved biological and biomechanical characteristics relative to irradiated material, whereas fear of bacterial or viral transmission warrants some to favour irradiated graft. Careful review of the literature is necessary to appreciate the influence of processing techniques on bone quality. Whereas limited clinical trials are available to govern the selection of appropriate bone graft, this review presents the argument favouring the use of fresh-frozen bone allograft as compared to irradiated bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Costain
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Emms NW, Buckley SC, Stockley I, Hamer AJ, Kerry RM. Mid- to long-term results of irradiated allograft in acetabular reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 91:1419-23. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.91b11.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Between 1990 and 2000, 123 hips in 110 patients were reconstructed for aseptic loosening using impaction bone grafting with frozen, irradiated, morsellised femoral heads and cemented acetabular components. This series was reported previously at a mean follow-up of five years. We have extended this follow-up and now describe the outcome of 86 hips in 74 patients at a mean of ten years. There have been 19 revisions, comprising nine for infection, seven for aseptic loosening and three for dislocation. In surviving acetabular reconstructions, union of the graft had occurred in 64 of 67 hips (95.5%). Survival analysis for all indications at ten years was 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 68 to 89) and 71.3% (95% CI 58 to 84) at 15 years. Acetabular reconstruction using irradiated allograft and a cemented acetabular component is an effective method of reconstruction, providing results in the medium- to long-term comparable with those of reported series where non-irradiated freshly-frozen bone was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. W. Emms
- St Helens and Knowsley, Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Warrington Road, Prescot, Merseyside L35 5DR, UK
| | - S. C. Buckley
- The Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - I. Stockley
- The Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - A. J. Hamer
- The Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - R. M. Kerry
- The Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
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9
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Cook EA, Cook JJ. Bone graft substitutes and allografts for reconstruction of the foot and ankle. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2009; 26:589-605. [PMID: 19778690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In reconstructive foot and ankle surgery, the use of bone graft is common. Whether for trauma, acquired or congenital deformities, arthrodeses, joint replacement, bone loss from infection, or bone tumor resection, the foot and ankle surgeon must be knowledgeable about current bone grafting options to make informed decisions. Innovation and technologic advances have produced an impressive and exciting array of options, advancing us closer to mimicking the gold standard: autograft. However, the sheer volume of available products makes it challenging for the foot and ankle surgeon to stay abreast of current bone graft technology. The purpose of this article is to simplify and classify current bone grafting options, discuss advantages and disadvantages, and provide relevant clinical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Cook
- Department of Surgery, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Rozen B, Brosh T, Salai M, Herman A, Dudkiewicz I. The effects of prolonged deep freezing on the biomechanical properties of osteochondral allografts. Cell Tissue Bank 2008; 10:27-31. [PMID: 18807210 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-008-9106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Musculo-skeletal allografts sterilized and deep frozen are among the most common human tissue to be preserved and utilized in modern medicine. The effects of a long deep freezing period on cortical bone has already been evaluated and found to be insignificant. However, there are no reports about the influences of a protracted deep freezing period on osteochondral allografts. One hundred osteochondral cylinders were taken from a fresh specimen and humeral heads of 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 year old bones. Twenty chips from each period, with a minimum of 3 chips per humeral head. Each was mechanically tested by 3 point compression. The fresh osteochondral allografts were significantly mechanically better than the deep frozen osteochondral allografts. There was no statistical significant time dependent difference between the deep frozen groups in relation to the freezing period. Therefore, we conclude that, from the mechanical point of view deep freezing of osteochondral allografts over a period of 4 years, is safe without further deterioration of the biomechanical properties of the osteochondral allografts.
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11
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Rooney P, Eagle M, Hogg P, Lomas R, Kearney J. Sterilisation of skin allograft with gamma irradiation. Burns 2008; 34:664-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effect of low dose and moderate dose gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of bone and soft tissue allografts. Cell Tissue Bank 2008; 9:289-98. [PMID: 18431690 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-008-9069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of allograft tissue for musculoskeletal repair has brought more focus to the safety of allogenic tissue and the efficacy of various sterilization techniques. Gamma irradiation is an effective method for providing terminal sterilization to biological tissue, but it is also reported to have deleterious effects on tissue mechanics in a dose-dependent manner. At irradiation ranges up to 25 kGy, a clear relationship between mechanical strength and dose has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of bone and soft tissue allografts, irradiated on dry ice at a low absorbed dose (18.3-21.8 kGy) and a moderate absorbed dose (24.0-28.5 kGy), using conventional compressive and tensile testing, respectively. Bone grafts consisted of Cloward dowels and iliac crest wedges, while soft tissue grafts consisted of patellar tendons, anterior tibialis tendons, semitendinosus tendons, and fascia lata. There were no statistical differences in mechanical strength or modulus of elasticity for any graft irradiated at a low absorbed dose, compared to control groups. Also, bone allografts and two soft tissue allografts (anterior tibialis and semitendinosus tendon) that were irradiated at a moderate dose demonstrated similar strength and modulus of elasticity values to control groups. The results of this study support the use of low dose and moderate dose gamma irradiation of bone grafts. For soft tissue grafts, the results support the use of low dose irradiation.
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Board TN, Rooney P, Kearney JN, Kay PR. Impaction allografting in revision total hip replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 88:852-7. [PMID: 16798983 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.88b7.17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T N Board
- Wrightington Hospital, Hall Lane, Appley Bridge, Wigan, Lancashire WN6 9EP, UK.
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