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Pineda M, Stamatakis M. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for heterogeneous catalysis: Fundamentals, current status, and challenges. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:120902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations in combination with first-principles (1p)-based calculations are rapidly becoming the gold-standard computational framework for bridging the gap between the wide range of length scales and time scales over which heterogeneous catalysis unfolds. 1p-KMC simulations provide accurate insights into reactions over surfaces, a vital step toward the rational design of novel catalysts. In this Perspective, we briefly outline basic principles, computational challenges, successful applications, as well as future directions and opportunities of this promising and ever more popular kinetic modeling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pineda
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Stamatakis
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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2
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Levin N, Margraf JT, Lengyel J, Reuter K, Tschurl M, Heiz U. CO 2-Activation by size-selected tantalum cluster cations (Ta 1-16+): thermalization governing reaction selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2623-2629. [PMID: 35029252 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of tantalum cluster cations of different sizes toward carbon dioxide are studied in an ion trap under multi-collisional conditions. For all sizes studied, consecutive reactions with several CO2 molecules are observed. This reveals two different pathways, namely oxide formation and the pickup of an entire molecule. Supported by calculations of the thermochemistry of TanO+ formation upon reaction with CO2, changes in the branching ratios at a particular cluster size are related to heat effects due to the vibrational heat capacity of the clusters and the exothermicity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Levin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
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3
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Blomberg S, Hejral U, Shipilin M, Albertin S, Karlsson H, Hulteberg C, Lömker P, Goodwin C, Degerman D, Gustafson J, Schlueter C, Nilsson A, Lundgren E, Amann P. Bridging the Pressure Gap in CO Oxidation. ACS Catal 2021; 11:9128-9135. [PMID: 34476111 PMCID: PMC8397290 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Performing fundamental operando catalysis studies under realistic conditions is a key to further develop and increase the efficiency of industrial catalysts. Operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments have been limited to pressures, and the relevance for industrial applications has been questioned. Herein, we report on the CO oxidation experiment on Pd(100) performed at a total pressure of 1 bar using XPS. We investigate the light-off regime and the surface chemical composition at the atomistic level in the highly active phase. Furthermore, the observed gas-phase photoemission peaks of CO2, CO, and O2 indicate that the kinetics of the reaction during the light-off regime can be followed operando, and by studying the reaction rate of the reaction, the activation energy is calculated. The reaction was preceded by an in situ oxidation study in 7% O2 in He and a total pressure of 70 mbar to confirm the surface sensitivity and assignment of the oxygen-induced photoemission peaks. However, oxygen-induced photoemission peaks were not observed during the reaction studies, but instead, a metallic Pd phase is present in the highly active regime under the conditions applied. The novel XPS setup utilizes hard X-rays to enable high-pressure studies, combined with a grazing incident angle to increase the surface sensitivity of the measurement. Our findings demonstrate the possibilities of achieving chemical information of the catalyst, operando, on an atomistic level, under industrially relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blomberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Uta Hejral
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Karlsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick Lömker
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christopher Goodwin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - David Degerman
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | | | - Christoph Schlueter
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Peter Amann
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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4
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Plodinec M, Nerl HC, Girgsdies F, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T. Insights into Chemical Dynamics and Their Impact on the Reactivity of Pt Nanoparticles during CO Oxidation by Operando TEM. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milivoj Plodinec
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah C. Nerl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Mehta NA, Levin DA. Multiscale modeling of damaged surface topology in a hypersonic boundary. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124710. [PMID: 31575209 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we used molecular dynamics (MD) to perform trajectory simulations of ice-like argon and amorphous silica aggregates on atomically smooth highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and a comparatively rougher quartz surface. It was found that at all incidence velocities, the quartz surface was stickier than the HOPG surface. The sticking probabilities and elastic moduli obtained from MD were then used to model surface evolution at a micron length scale using kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. Rules were derived to control the number of sites available for the process execution in kMC to accurately model erosion of HOPG by atomic oxygen (AO) attack and ice-nucleation on surfaces. It was observed that the effect of defects was to increase the material erosion rate, while that of aggregate nucleation was to lower it. Similarly, simulations were performed to study the effects of AO attack and N2 adsorption-desorption on surface evolution and it was found that N2 adsorption-desorption limits the surface available for erosion by AO attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Mehta
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Deborah A Levin
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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6
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Bruix A, Margraf JT, Andersen M, Reuter K. First-principles-based multiscale modelling of heterogeneous catalysis. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Matera S, Schneider WF, Heyden A, Savara A. Progress in Accurate Chemical Kinetic Modeling, Simulations, and Parameter Estimation for Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Matera
- Fachbereich Mathematik and Informatik, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - William F. Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andreas Heyden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Aditya Savara
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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8
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Combining Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence with Stagnation Point Flows for Small Single-Crystal Model Catalysts: CO Oxidation on a Pd(100). Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A stagnation flow reactor has been designed and characterized for both experimental and modeling studies of single-crystal model catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. Using CO oxidation over a Pd(100) single crystal as a showcase, we have employed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) to visualize the CO2 distribution over the catalyst under reaction conditions and subsequently used the 2D spatially resolved gas phase data to characterize the stagnation flow reactor. From a comparison of the experimental data and the stagnation flow model, it was found that characteristic stagnation flow can be achieved with the reactor. Furthermore, the combined stagnation flow/PLIF/modeling approach makes it possible to estimate the turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalytic surface from the measured CO2 concentration profiles above the surface and to predict the CO2, CO and O2 concentrations at the surface under reaction conditions.
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9
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Gustafson J, Balmes O, Zhang C, Shipilin M, Schaefer A, Hagman B, Merte LR, Martin NM, Carlsson PA, Jankowski M, Crumlin EJ, Lundgren E. The Role of Oxides in Catalytic CO Oxidation over Rhodium and Palladium. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gustafson
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Balmes
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chu Zhang
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Hagman
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lindsay R. Merte
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Natalia M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS40220, 38043 CEDEX 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Ethan J. Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Advances in fixed-bed reactor modeling using particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD). REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In 2006, Dixon et al. published the comprehensive review article entitled “Packed tubular reactor modeling and catalyst design using computational fluid dynamics.” More than one decade later, many researchers have contributed to novel insights, as well as a deeper understanding of the topic. Likewise, complexity has grown and new issues have arisen, for example, by coupling microkinetics with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this review article, the latest advances are summarized in the field of modeling fixed-bed reactors with particle-resolved CFD, i.e. a geometric resolution of every pellet in the bed. The current challenges of the detailed modeling are described, i.e. packing generation, meshing, and solving with an emphasis on coupling microkinetics with CFD. Applications of this detailed approach are discussed, i.e. fluid dynamics and pressure drop, dispersion, heat and mass transfer, as well as heterogeneous catalytic systems. Finally, conclusions and future prospects are presented.
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11
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12
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Lorenzi JM, Stecher T, Reuter K, Matera S. Local-metrics error-based Shepard interpolation as surrogate for highly non-linear material models in high dimensions. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:164106. [PMID: 29096493 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many problems in computational materials science and chemistry require the evaluation of expensive functions with locally rapid changes, such as the turn-over frequency of first principles kinetic Monte Carlo models for heterogeneous catalysis. Because of the high computational cost, it is often desirable to replace the original with a surrogate model, e.g., for use in coupled multiscale simulations. The construction of surrogates becomes particularly challenging in high-dimensions. Here, we present a novel version of the modified Shepard interpolation method which can overcome the curse of dimensionality for such functions to give faithful reconstructions even from very modest numbers of function evaluations. The introduction of local metrics allows us to take advantage of the fact that, on a local scale, rapid variation often occurs only across a small number of directions. Furthermore, we use local error estimates to weigh different local approximations, which helps avoid artificial oscillations. Finally, we test our approach on a number of challenging analytic functions as well as a realistic kinetic Monte Carlo model. Our method not only outperforms existing isotropic metric Shepard methods but also state-of-the-art Gaussian process regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Lorenzi
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Stecher
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Matera
- Fachbereich für Mathematik und Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Otto-von-Simson-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Lundgren E, Zhang C, Merte LR, Shipilin M, Blomberg S, Hejral U, Zhou J, Zetterberg J, Gustafson J. Novel in Situ Techniques for Studies of Model Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2326-2333. [PMID: 28880530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Motivated mainly by catalysis, gas-surface interaction between single crystal surfaces and molecules has been studied for decades. Most of these studies have been performed in well-controlled environments and have been instrumental for the present day understanding of catalysis, providing information on surface structures, adsorption sites, and adsorption and desorption energies relevant for catalysis. However, the approach has been criticized for being too far from a catalyst operating under industrial conditions at high temperatures and pressures. To this end, a significant amount of effort over the years has been used to develop methods to investigate catalysts at more realistic conditions under operating conditions. One result from this effort is a vivid and sometimes heated discussion concerning the active phase for the seemingly simple CO oxidation reaction over the Pt-group metals in the literature. In recent years, we have explored the possibilities to perform experiments at conditions closer to those of a technical catalyst, in particular at increased pressures and temperatures. In this contribution, results from catalytic CO oxidation over a Pd(100) single crystal surface using Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photo emission Spectroscopy (NAPXPS), Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), and High Energy Surface X-ray Diffraction (HESXRD) are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental techniques are discussed. Armed with structural knowledge from ultrahigh vacuum experiments, the presence of adsorbed molecules and gas-phase induced surface structures can be identified and related to changes in the reactivity or to reaction induced gas-flow limitations. In particular, the application of PLIF to catalysis allows one to visualize how the catalyst itself changes the gas composition close to the model catalyst surface upon ignition, and relate this to the observed surface structures. The effect obscures a straightforward relation between the active phase and the activity, since in the case of CO oxidation, the gas-phase close to the model catalyst surface is shown to be significantly more oxidizing than far away from the catalyst. We show that surface structural knowledge from UHV experiments and the composition of the gas phase close to the catalyst surface are crucial to understand structure-function relationships at semirealistic conditions. In the particular case of Pd, we argue that the surface structure of the PdO(101) has a significant influence on the activity, due to the presence of Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites (CUS) Pd atoms, similar to undercoordinated Ru and Ir atoms found for RuO2(110) and IrO2(110), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Chu Zhang
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Lindsay R. Merte
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Sara Blomberg
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Uta Hejral
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
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Blomberg S, Zhou J, Gustafson J, Zetterberg J, Lundgren E. 2D and 3D imaging of the gas phase close to an operating model catalyst by planar laser induced fluorescence. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:453002. [PMID: 27619414 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/45/453002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, efforts have been made in catalysis related surface science studies to explore the possibilities to perform experiments at conditions closer to those of a technical catalyst, in particular at increased pressures. Techniques such as high pressure scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy (HPSTM/AFM), near ambient pressure x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (NAPXPS), surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD) and polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) at semi-realistic conditions have been used to study the surface structure of model catalysts under reaction conditions, combined with simultaneous mass spectrometry (MS). These studies have provided an increased understanding of the surface dynamics and the structure of the active phase of surfaces and nano particles as a reaction occurs, providing novel information on the structure/activity relationship. However, the surface structure detected during the reaction is sensitive to the composition of the gas phase close to the catalyst surface. Therefore, the catalytic activity of the sample itself will act as a gas-source or gas-sink, and will affect the surface structure, which in turn may complicate the assignment of the active phase. For this reason, we have applied planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) to the gas phase in the vicinity of an active model catalysts. Our measurements demonstrate that the gas composition differs significantly close to the catalyst and at the position of the MS, which indeed should have a profound effect on the surface structure. However, PLIF applied to catalytic reactions presents several beneficial properties in addition to investigate the effect of the catalyst on the effective gas composition close to the model catalyst. The high spatial and temporal resolution of PLIF provides a unique tool to visualize the on-set of catalytic reactions and to compare different model catalysts in the same reactive environment. The technique can be applied to a large number of molecules thanks to the technical development of lasers and detectors over the last decades, and is a complementary and visual alternative to traditional MS to be used in environments difficult to asses with MS. In this article we will review general considerations when performing PLIF experiments, our experimental set-up for PLIF and discuss relevant examples of PLIF applied to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blomberg
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00, Sweden
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16
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Lorenzi JM, Matera S, Reuter K. Synergistic Inhibition of Oxide Formation in Oxidation Catalysis: A First-Principles Kinetic Monte Carlo Study of NO + CO Oxidation at Pd(100). ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Lorenzi
- Chair
for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Matera
- Fachbereich
f. Mathematik u. Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Otto-von-Simson-Str.
19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair
for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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17
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Krick Calderón S, Grabau M, Óvári L, Kress B, Steinrück HP, Papp C. CO oxidation on Pt(111) at near ambient pressures. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4940318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Krick Calderón
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Grabau
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Óvári
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - B. Kress
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H.-P. Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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20
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Matera S, Blomberg S, Hoffmann MJ, Zetterberg J, Gustafson J, Lundgren E, Reuter K. Evidence for the Active Phase of Heterogeneous Catalysts through In Situ Reaction Product Imaging and Multiscale Modeling. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Matera
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. J. Hoffmann
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - K. Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis,
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and
Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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21
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Liu DJ, Garcia A, Wang J, Ackerman DM, Wang CJ, Evans JW. Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Statistical Mechanical Models and Coarse-Grained Mesoscale Descriptions of Catalytic Reaction–Diffusion Processes: 1D Nanoporous and 2D Surface Systems. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5979-6050. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500453t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jiang Liu
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andres Garcia
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - David M. Ackerman
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Chi-Jen Wang
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - James W. Evans
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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22
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Blomberg S, Brackmann C, Gustafson J, Aldén M, Lundgren E, Zetterberg J. Real-Time Gas-Phase Imaging over a Pd(110) Catalyst during CO Oxidation by Means of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence. ACS Catal 2015; 5:2028-2034. [PMID: 25893136 PMCID: PMC4394142 DOI: 10.1021/cs502048w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The
gas composition surrounding a catalytic sample has direct impact
on its surface structure, which is essential when in situ investigations
of model catalysts are performed. Herein a study of the gas phase
close to a Pd(110) surface during CO oxidation under semirealistic
conditions is presented. Images of the gas phase, provided by planar
laser-induced fluorescence, clearly visualize the formation of a boundary
layer with a significantly lower CO partial pressure close to the
catalytically active surface, in comparison to the overall concentration
as detected by mass spectrometry. The CO partial pressure variation
within the boundary layer will have a profound effect on the catalysts’
surface structure and function and needs to be taken into consideration
for in situ model catalysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blomberg
- Division of Synchrotron
Radiation Research and ‡Division
of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Brackmann
- Division of Synchrotron
Radiation Research and ‡Division
of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron
Radiation Research and ‡Division
of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Aldén
- Division of Synchrotron
Radiation Research and ‡Division
of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron
Radiation Research and ‡Division
of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Division of Synchrotron
Radiation Research and ‡Division
of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Stamatakis M. Kinetic modelling of heterogeneous catalytic systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:013001. [PMID: 25393371 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/1/013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance of heterogeneous catalysis in modern life is evidenced by the fact that numerous products and technologies routinely used nowadays involve catalysts in their synthesis or function. The discovery of catalytic materials is, however, a non-trivial procedure, requiring tedious trial-and-error experimentation. First-principles-based kinetic modelling methods have recently emerged as a promising way to understand catalytic function and aid in materials discovery. In particular, kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation is increasingly becoming more popular, as it can integrate several sources of complexity encountered in catalytic systems, and has already been used to successfully unravel the underlying physics of several systems of interest. After a short discussion of the different scales involved in catalysis, we summarize the theory behind KMC simulation, and present the latest KMC computational implementations in the field. Early achievements that transformed the way we think about catalysts are subsequently reviewed in connection to latest studies of realistic systems, in an attempt to highlight how the field has evolved over the last few decades. Present challenges and future directions and opportunities in computational catalysis are finally discussed.
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24
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Matera S, Maestri M, Cuoci A, Reuter K. Predictive-Quality Surface Reaction Chemistry in Real Reactor Models: Integrating First-Principles Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations into Computational Fluid Dynamics. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Matera
- Chair
for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory
of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuoci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair
for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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25
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Gustafson J, Blomberg S, Martin NM, Fernandes V, Borg A, Liu Z, Chang R, Lundgren E. A high pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of CO oxidation over Rh(100). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:055003. [PMID: 24334623 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/5/055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the oxidation of CO over Rh(100) using high pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under CO and O2 pressures ranging from 0.01 to 1 mbar. The results show a very low or no conversion for the CO covered surface found at low temperatures, while the activity rises slightly when the temperature is high enough for some CO to desorb, exposing surface sites for dissociative O2 adsorption. As the temperature is increased further, more CO desorbs and oxygen replaces CO as the dominating species at the surface. At the same time we find a sudden increase in the reactivity, such that all CO that reaches the surface is instantly transformed into CO2. We find that the O coverage in the active state is highly dependent on the total pressure and, although we do not detect any presence of a surface oxide as in previous surface x-ray diffraction studies, the highest O coverage indicates that the surface is close to being oxidized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Chizallet C, Raybaud P. Density functional theory simulations of complex catalytic materials in reactive environments: beyond the ideal surface at low coverage. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced DFT models of complex catalysts, such as amorphous silica–alumina and supported subnanometric platinum particles, bridge the gap between the ideal surface model and the industrial catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles
- Direction Catalyse et Séparation
- Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize
- , France
| | - Pascal Raybaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles
- Direction Catalyse et Séparation
- Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize
- , France
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27
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Nielsen J, d’Avezac M, Hetherington J, Stamatakis M. Parallel kinetic Monte Carlo simulation framework incorporating accurate models of adsorbate lateral interactions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:224706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4840395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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CO Oxidation on Pd(100) Versus PdO(101)- $$(\sqrt{5}\times \sqrt{5})R27^{\circ}$$ ( 5 × 5 ) R 27 ∘ : First-Principles Kinetic Phase Diagrams and Bistability Conditions. Top Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Blomberg S, Hoffmann MJ, Gustafson J, Martin NM, Fernandes VR, Borg A, Liu Z, Chang R, Matera S, Reuter K, Lundgren E. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of model catalysts: at the edge of the gap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:117601. [PMID: 25166577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HP-XPS) and first-principles kinetic Monte Carlo study addressing the nature of the active surface in CO oxidation over Pd(100). Simultaneously measuring the chemical composition at the surface and in the near-surface gas phase, we reveal both O-covered pristine Pd(100) and a surface oxide as stable, highly active phases in the near-ambient regime accessible to HP-XPS. Surprisingly, no adsorbed CO can be detected during high CO(2) production rates, which can be explained by a combination of a remarkably short residence time of the CO molecule on the surface and mass-transfer limitations in the present setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blomberg
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M J Hoffmann
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - J Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - N M Martin
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - V R Fernandes
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - A Borg
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Z Liu
- ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Chang
- ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Matera
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - K Reuter
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - E Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Schaefer C, Jansen APJ. Coupling of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of surface reactions to transport in a fluid for heterogeneous catalytic reactor modeling. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:054102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4789419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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31
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Stamatakis M, Vlachos DG. Unraveling the Complexity of Catalytic Reactions via Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation: Current Status and Frontiers. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs3005709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michail Stamatakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London
WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United States
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32
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33
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Zetterberg J, Blomberg S, Gustafson J, Sun ZW, Li ZS, Lundgren E, Aldén M. An in situ set up for the detection of CO2 from catalytic CO oxidation by using planar laser-induced fluorescence. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:053104. [PMID: 22667599 DOI: 10.1063/1.4711130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experiment carried out on an in situ setup, which allows for detection of CO(2) from catalytic CO oxidation close to a model catalyst under realistic reaction conditions by the means of planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) in the mid-infrared spectral range. The onset of the catalytic reaction as a function of temperature was followed by PLIF in a steady state flow reactor. After taking into account the self-absorption of CO(2), a good agreement between the detected CO(2) fluorescence signal and the CO(2) mass spectrometry signal was shown. The observed difference to previously measured onset temperatures for the catalytic ignition is discussed and the potential impact of IR-PLIF as a detection technique in catalysis is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zetterberg
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
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34
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Sabbe MK, Reyniers MF, Reuter K. First-principles kinetic modeling in heterogeneous catalysis: an industrial perspective on best-practice, gaps and needs. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Mei D, Lin G. Effects of heat and mass transfer on the kinetics of CO oxidation over RuO2(110) catalyst. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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van Rijn R, Balmes O, Resta A, Wermeille D, Westerström R, Gustafson J, Felici R, Lundgren E, Frenken JWM. Surface structure and reactivity of Pd(100) during CO oxidation near ambient pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13167-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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