1
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Cramer L, Larson A, Daniels AS, Sykes ECH, Gellman AJ. Molecular Origins of Chiral Amplification on an Achiral Surface: 2D Monolayers of Aspartic Acid on Cu(111). ACS NANO 2023; 17:5799-5807. [PMID: 36877997 PMCID: PMC10062026 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated an intriguing phenomenon in which adsorption of a nonracemic mixture of aspartic acid (Asp) enantiomers onto an achiral Cu(111) metal surface leads to autoamplification of surface enantiomeric excess, ees, to values well above those of the impinging gas mixtures, eeg. This is particularly interesting because it demonstrates that a slightly nonracemic mixture of enantiomers can be further purified simply by adsorption onto an achiral surface. In this work, we seek a deeper understanding of this phenomena and apply scanning tunneling microscopy to image the overlayer structures formed by mixed monolayers of d- and l-Asp on Cu(111) over the full range of surface enantiomeric excess; ees = -1 (pure l-Asp) through ees = 0 (racemic dl-Asp) to ees = 1 (pure d-Asp). Both enantiomers of three chiral monolayer structures are observed. One is a conglomerate (enantiomerically pure), another is a racemate (equimolar mixture of d- and l-Asp); however, the third structure accommodates both enantiomers in a 2:1 ratio. Such solid phases of enantiomer mixtures with nonracemic composition are rare in 3D crystals of enantiomers. We argue that, in 2D, the formation of chiral defects in a lattice of one enantiomer is easier than in 3D, simply because the stress associated with the chiral defect in a 2D monolayer of the opposite enantiomer can be dissipated by strain into the space above the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
A. Cramer
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - Amanda Larson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - Avery S. Daniels
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - E. Charles H. Sykes
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Konstantinov KK, Konstantinova AF. Evolutionary Approach to Biological Homochirality. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:205-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe study a very simple linear evolutionary model based on distribution of protocells by total enantiomeric excess and without any mutual inhibition and show that such model can produce two species with values of total enantiomeric excess in each of the species approaching $$\pm 1$$
±
1
when there is a global $$L\leftrightarrow D$$
L
↔
D
symmetry. We then consider a scenario when there is a small external global asymmetry factor, like weak interaction, and show that only one of the species remains in such a case, and that is the one, which is more efficient in replication. We perform an estimate of the time necessary to reach homochirality in such a model and show that reasonable assumptions lead to an estimate of around 300 thousand years plus or minus a couple of orders of magnitude. Despite this seemingly large time to reach homochirality, the model is immune to racemization because amino acids in the model follow the lifespan of the protocells rather than the time needed to reach homochirality. We show that not needing mutual inhibition in such evolutionary model is due to the difference in the topology of the spaces in which considered model and many known models of biological homochirality operate. Bifurcation-based models operate in disconnected zero-dimensional space (the space is just two points with enantiomeric excess equal $$-1$$
-
1
and $$1$$
1
), whereas considered evolutionary model (in its continuous representation) operates in one-dimensional connected space, that is the whole interval between $$-1$$
-
1
and $$1$$
1
of total enantiomeric excess. We then proceed with the analysis of the replication process in non-homochiral environment and show that replication errors (the probability to attach an amino acid of wrong chirality) result in a smooth decrease of replication time when total enantiomeric excess of the replicated structure moves away from zero. We show that this decrease in replication time is sufficient for considered model to work.
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3
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Soai K. The Soai reaction and its implications with the life's characteristic features of self-replication and homochirality. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Sallembien Q, Bouteiller L, Crassous J, Raynal M. Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3436-3476. [PMID: 35377372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single chirality of biological molecules in terrestrial biology raises more questions than certitudes about its origin. The emergence of biological homochirality (BH) and its connection with the appearance of life have elicited a large number of theories related to the generation, amplification and preservation of a chiral bias in molecules of life under prebiotically relevant conditions. However, a global scenario is still lacking. Here, the possibility of inducing a significant chiral bias "from scratch", i.e. in the absence of pre-existing enantiomerically-enriched chemical species, will be considered first. It includes phenomena that are inherent to the nature of matter itself, such as the infinitesimal energy difference between enantiomers as a result of violation of parity in certain fundamental interactions, and physicochemical processes related to interactions between chiral organic molecules and physical fields, polarized particles, polarized spins and chiral surfaces. The spontaneous emergence of chirality in the absence of detectable chiral physical and chemical sources has recently undergone significant advances thanks to the deracemization of conglomerates through Viedma ripening and asymmetric auto-catalysis with the Soai reaction. All these phenomena are commonly discussed as plausible sources of asymmetry under prebiotic conditions and are potentially accountable for the primeval chiral bias in molecules of life. Then, several scenarios will be discussed that are aimed to reflect the different debates about the emergence of BH: extra-terrestrial or terrestrial origin (where?), nature of the mechanisms leading to the propagation and enhancement of the primeval chiral bias (how?) and temporal sequence between chemical homochirality, BH and life emergence (when?). Intense and ongoing theories regarding the emergence of optically pure molecules at different moments of the evolution process towards life, i.e. at the levels of building blocks of Life, of the instructed or functional polymers, or even later at the stage of more elaborated chemical systems, will be critically discussed. The underlying principles and the experimental evidence will be commented for each scenario with particular attention on those leading to the induction and enhancement of enantiomeric excesses in proteinogenic amino acids, natural sugars, and their intermediates or derivatives. The aim of this review is to propose an updated and timely synopsis in order to stimulate new efforts in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sallembien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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5
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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10598-10643. [PMID: 36320700 PMCID: PMC9491092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number parity and a fundamental ‘non-observable’ property of space (as defined by an absolute ‘left-handed’ or ‘right-handed’ coordinate system). The discovery of the violation of this symmetry – the non-conservation of parity or ‘parity violation’ – in 1956/1957 had an important influence on the further development of physics. In chemistry the mirror symmetry of space is connected to the existence of enantiomers as isomers of chiral (‘handed’) molecules. These isomers would relate to each other as idealized left or right hand or as image and mirror image and would be energetically exactly equivalent with perfect space inversion symmetry. Parity violation results in an extremely small ‘parity violating’ energy difference between the ground states of the enantiomers which can be theoretically calculated to be about 100 aeV to 1 feV (equivalent to 10−11 to 10−10 J mol−1), depending on the molecule, but which has not yet been detected experimentally. Its detection remains one of the great challenges of current physical–chemical stereochemistry, with implications also for fundamental problems in physics. In biochemistry and molecular biology one finds a related fundamental question unanswered for more than 100 years: the evolution of ‘homochirality’, which is the practically exclusive preference of one chiral, enantiomeric form as building blocks in the biopolymers of all known forms of life (the l-amino acids in proteins and d-sugars in DNA, not the reverse d-amino acids or l-sugars). In astrobiology the spectroscopic detection of homochirality could be used as strong evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, if any. After a brief conceptual and historical introduction we review the development, current status, and progress along these three lines of research: theory, spectroscopic experiment and the outlook towards an understanding of the evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Ikai T, Ando M, Ito M, Ishidate R, Suzuki N, Maeda K, Yashima E. Emergence of Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Activity in a Helical Polymer Mediated by Deracemization of Racemic Pendants. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12725-12735. [PMID: 34347469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Any polymers composed of racemic repeating units are obviously optically inactive and hence chiral functions, such as asymmetric catalysis, will not be expected at all. Contrary to such a preconceived notion, we report an unprecedented helical polymer-based highly enantioselective organocatalyst prepared by polymerization of a racemic monomer with no catalytic activity. Both the right- and left-handed helical poly(biarylylacetylene)s (PBAs) composed of dynamically racemic 2-arylpyridyl-N-oxide monomer units with N-oxide moieties located in the vicinity of the helical polymer backbone can be produced by noncovalent interaction with a chiral alcohol through deracemization of the biaryl pendants. The macromolecular helicity and the axial chirality induced in the PBAs are retained ("memorized") after complete removal of the chiral alcohol. Accordingly, the helical PBAs with dual static memory of the helicity and axial chirality show remarkable enantioselectivity (86% ee) for the asymmetric allylation of benzaldehyde. The enantioselectivity is slightly lower than that (96% ee) of the homochiral PBAs prepared from the corresponding enantiopure (R)- and (S)-monomers, but is comparable to that (88% ee) of the helical PBA composed of nonracemic monomers of ca. 60% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuka Ando
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryoma Ishidate
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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7
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Soai K, Matsumoto A, Kawasaki T. Asymmetric Autocatalysis as a Link Between Crystal Chirality and Highly Enantioenriched Organic Compounds. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation Waseda University Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, 162 0041 Japan
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Environmental Science Nara Women's University Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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8
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Buhse T, Cruz JM, Noble-Terán ME, Hochberg D, Ribó JM, Crusats J, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Deracemizations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2147-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - María E. Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain
| | - Josep M. Ribó
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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9
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Konstantinov KK, Konstantinova AF. Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Large Peptide Systems. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2020; 50:99-120. [PMID: 32945989 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-020-09600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chiral symmetry breaking in far from equilibrium systems with large number of amino acids and peptides, like a prebiotic Earth, was considered. It was shown that if organic catalysts were abundant, then effective averaging of enantioselectivity would prohibit any symmetry breaking in such systems. It was further argued that non-linear (catalytic) reactions must be very scarce (called the abundance parameter) and catalysts should work on small groups of similar reactions (called the similarity parameter) in order to chiral symmetry breaking have a chance to occur. Models with 20 amino acids and peptide lengths up to three were considered. It was shown that there are preferred ranges of abundance and similarity parameters where the symmetry breaking can occur in the models with catalytic synthesis / catalytic destruction / both catalytic synthesis and catalytic destruction. It was further shown that models with catalytic synthesis and catalytic destruction statistically result in a substantially higher percentage of the models where the symmetry breaking can occur in comparison to the models with just catalytic synthesis or catalytic destruction. It was also shown that when chiral symmetry breaking occurs, then concentrations of some amino acids, which collectively have some mutually beneficial properties, go up, whereas the concentrations of the ones, which don't have such properties, go down. An open source code of the whole system was provided to ensure that the results can be checked, repeated, and extended further if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin K Konstantinov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Softellect Systems, Inc., 414-300 Ave des Sommets, Verdun, QC, H3E 2B7, Canada.
| | - Alisa F Konstantinova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russia
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10
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Shukla N, Gellman AJ. Chiral metal surfaces for enantioselective processes. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:939-945. [PMID: 32747699 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chiral surfaces are critical components of enantioselective heterogeneous processes such as those used to prepare enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. While the majority of chiral surfaces in practical use are based on achiral materials whose surfaces have been modified with enantiomerically pure chiral adsorbates, there are many inorganic materials with valuable surface properties that could be rendered enantiospecific, if their surfaces were intrinsically chiral. This Perspective discusses recent developments in the fabrication of intrinsically chiral surfaces exhibiting enantiospecific adsorption, surface chemistry and electron emission. We propose possible paths to the scalable fabrication of high-surface-area, enantiomerically pure surfaces and discuss opportunities for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shukla
- Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Westphal G, Wega J, Dissanayake REA, Schäfer T. Chirality detection of surface desorption products using photoelectron circular dichroism. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054707. [PMID: 32770893 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality detection of gas-phase molecules at low concentrations is challenging as the molecular number density is usually too low to perform conventional circular dichroism absorption experiments. In recent years, new spectroscopic methods have been developed to detect chirality in the gas phase. In particular, the angular distribution of photoelectrons after multiphoton laser ionization of chiral molecules using circularly polarized light is highly sensitive to the enantiomeric form of the ionized molecule [multiphoton photoelectron circular dichroism (MP-PECD)]. In this paper, we employ the MP-PECD as an analytic tool for chirality detection of the bicyclic monoterpene fenchone desorbing from a Ag(111) crystal. We record velocity-resolved kinetics of fenchone desorption on Ag(111) using pulsed molecular beams with ion imaging techniques. In addition, we measure temperature-programmed desorption spectra of the same system. Both experiments indicate weak physisorption of fenchone on Ag(111). We combine both experimental techniques with enantiomer-specific detection by recording MP-PECD of desorbing molecules using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. We can clearly assign the enantiomeric form of the desorption product fenchone in sub-monolayer concentration. The experiment demonstrates the combination of MP-PECD with surface science experiments, paving the way for enantiomer-specific detection of surface reaction products on heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Westphal
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Wega
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rasika E A Dissanayake
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Magnetic circular dichroism in Archean atmosphere and asymmetric photolysis of biomolecules: enantiomeric excess of prebiotic sugar. J Biol Phys 2020; 46:283-295. [PMID: 32617795 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the terrestrial dipolar magnetic field, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of UV sunlight by paramagnetic O2 in an Archean atmosphere (mostly CO2 and N2) results in circular polarization anisotropy (~ 10-10). This is used to calculate enantiomeric excess (EE~10-13) of glyceraldehyde (3-carbon sugar) with a model that includes racemic production and asymmetric photolysis of its enantiomers. The sign and magnitude of enantiomeric excess (EE) vary with the Earth's latitude. Unlike random noise fluctuation in spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) models, the sign of EE is deterministic and constant over large areas of prebiotic Earth. The magnitude is several orders greater than the mean amplitude of stochastically fluctuating EE. MCD could provide the initial EE for growth of homochirality by asymmetric autocatalysis.
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13
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Ikai T, Okubo M, Wada Y. Helical Assemblies of One-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers Composed of Helical Macromolecules: Generation of Circularly Polarized Light Using an Infinitesimal Chiral Source. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3254-3261. [PMID: 31983202 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of one-dimensional supramolecular polymers composed of one-handed helical macromolecules bearing fluorescent pendant groups and the generation of circularly polarized light on the basis of hierarchical chiral amplification starting from a tiny amount of chiral substituent. Copolymerization of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-appended achiral/chiral isocyanides (99:1, mol/mol) with a solid-state photoluminescence feature afforded submicrometer supramolecular fibers, in which almost perfect single-handed helical polyisocyanides were noncovalently connected end to end. The resulting helical supramolecular polymers were further helically assembled to form a cholesteric liquid crystal film with an intense circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signal. Surprisingly, the supramolecular system containing only 0.01 mol % of the chiral monomer unit also emitted the observable circularly polarized light owing to multiple chiral amplification from an infinitesimal point chirality to helical chirality and then to supramolecular chirality. Furthermore, chiral information was efficiently transferred from the helically assembled supramolecular system containing 1 mol % of the chiral unit to achiral dye molecules blended in the film, allowing full-color tunable induced CPL with luminescence dissymmetry factors greater than 1.0 × 10-2. This unprecedentedly strong chiral amplification enables the creation of helical supramolecular polymers and chirally assembled systems with various chiral functions based solely on an infinitesimal chiral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan.,Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okubo
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Yuya Wada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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14
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Chemical Basis of Biological Homochirality during the Abiotic Evolution Stages on Earth. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB), a phenomenon leading to non-equilibrium stationary states (NESS) that exhibits biases away from the racemic composition is discussed here in the framework of dissipative reaction networks. Such networks may lead to a metastable racemic non-equilibrium stationary state that transforms into one of two degenerate but stable enantiomeric NESSs. In such a bifurcation scenario, the type of the reaction network, as well the boundary conditions, are similar to those characterizing the currently accepted stages of emergence of replicators and autocatalytic systems. Simple asymmetric inductions by physical chiral forces during previous stages of chemical evolution, for example in astrophysical scenarios, must involve unavoidable racemization processes during the time scales associated with the different stages of chemical evolution. However, residual enantiomeric excesses of such asymmetric inductions suffice to drive the SMSB stochastic distribution of chiral signs into a deterministic distribution. According to these features, we propose that a basic model of the chiral machinery of proto-life would emerge during the formation of proto-cell systems by the convergence of the former enantioselective scenarios.
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15
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Ishidate R, Markvoort AJ, Maeda K, Yashima E. Unexpectedly Strong Chiral Amplification of Chiral/Achiral and Chiral/Chiral Copolymers of Biphenylylacetylenes and Further Enhancement/Inversion and Memory of the Macromolecular Helicity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7605-7614. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Ishidate
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Albert J. Markvoort
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Farias MJS, Feliu JM. Determination of Specific Electrocatalytic Sites in the Oxidation of Small Molecules on Crystalline Metal Surfaces. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:5. [PMID: 30631969 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of active sites in electrocatalytic reactions is part of the elucidation of mechanisms of catalyzed reactions on solid surfaces. However, this is not an easy task, even for apparently simple reactions, as we sometimes think the oxidation of adsorbed CO is. For surfaces consisting of non-equivalent sites, the recognition of specific active sites must consider the influence that facets, as is the steps/defect on the surface of the catalyst, cause in its neighbors; one has to consider the electrochemical environment under which the "active sites" lie on the surface, meaning that defects/steps on the surface do not partake in chemistry by themselves. In this paper, we outline the recent efforts in understanding the close relationships between site-specific and the overall rate and/or selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions. We analyze hydrogen adsorption/desorption, and electro-oxidation of CO, methanol, and ammonia. The classical topic of asymmetric electrocatalysis on kinked surfaces is also addressed for glucose electro-oxidation. The article takes into account selected existing data combined with our original works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J S Farias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, CEP 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante Ap. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
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Kaimori Y, Hiyoshi Y, Kawasaki T, Matsumoto A, Soai K. Formation of enantioenriched alkanol with stochastic distribution of enantiomers in the absolute asymmetric synthesis under heterogeneous solid–vapor phase conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5223-5226. [PMID: 30968100 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Absolute asymmetric synthesis under heterogeneous solid–vapor phase conditions in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Kaimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Yui Hiyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo
- Japan
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18
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Mairena A, Wienke M, Martin K, Avarvari N, Terfort A, Ernst KH, Wäckerlin C. Stereospecific Autocatalytic Surface Explosion Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7705-7709. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Mairena
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wienke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kévin Martin
- Laboratoire Moltech Anjou, Université d’Angers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Laboratoire Moltech Anjou, Université d’Angers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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