Binuclear Palladium Complex Immobilized on Mesoporous SBA-16: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides and Arylboronic Acids Using Cr(CO)6 as Carbonyl Source

A comprehensive review on carbonylation reactions: catalysis by magnetic nanoparticle-supported transition metals

Magnetic catalysts have become a crucial innovation in carbonylation reactions, providing a sustainable and highly efficient means of synthesizing compounds that contain carbonyl groups. This review article explores the diverse and significant role of magnetic catalysts in various carbonylation processes, emphasizing their essential contributions to improving reaction rates, selectivity, and recyclability of catalysts. The distinctive magnetic properties of these catalysts enable straightforward separation and recovery, a feature that significantly mitigates waste and reduces environmental impact. As a result, magnetic catalysts' environmental and economic advantages position them as key players in contemporary synthetic chemistry, driving the evolution of green chemistry practices. Particularly noteworthy is the combination of magnetic nanoparticles with transition metals, resulting in the development of robust catalytic systems that exploit the complementary effects of magnetism and catalysis. Recent advances have showcased the adaptability of magnetic nanoparticles supported by transition metal catalysts in various carbonylation reactions, including carbonylative coupling, alkoxy carbonylation, thio carbonylation, and amino carbonylation. This review meticulously examines the mechanistic aspects of how magnetic fields influenced catalytic performance between 2014 and the end of 2024.

Fe3O4@SiO2-DHB/DI(S-NH)-Pd(0) nanocomposite: a novel, efficient, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for carbonylative preparation of N-aryl amides

N-aryl amides hold significant importance in organic chemistry due to their widespread presence in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and various bioactive compounds. As a result, catalysts and preparation methodologies for amide derivatives have long been a target of active investigation of interest. In the current work, a simple and accessible route was adopted for preparation of a magnetic catalyst [Fe3O4@SiO2-DHB/DI(S-NH)-Pd (0)] and then its catalysis in three-component amide synthesis via carbonylation reaction between aryl iodides and amines was examined. In experiments, its efficiency in producing a range of amides with high yields in a short and under mild conditions was unequivocally confirmed, and its efficiency in producing a range of amides with high yields in a short and under mild conditions was confirmed unequivocally through experiments. High yields of the desired compound ease in catalyst separation, high reusability of catalysts, mild reaction conditions, ease in accommodation of a range of substrates, and a thorough analysis for determination of the catalyst and produced compounds for characterization and purification have been taken as key features of this work.