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Propofol-Induced miR-493-3p Inhibits Growth and Invasion of Gastric Cancer through Suppression of DKK1-Mediated Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Activation. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:7698706. [PMID: 36762306 PMCID: PMC9904924 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7698706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and also one of the most deadly tumors. In recent years, studies have shown that propofol can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of many tumor cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of propofol inhibition of the growth and invasion of GC cells. Methods Human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and human normal gastric epithelial cell GES-1 were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C with 5% CO2. Propofol of different concentrations (0, 2, 5, and 10 μg/mL) was used to treat SGC-7901, and miR-493-3p inhibitor was transfected into SGC-7901. The cell proliferation of SGC-7901 was analyzed by MTT as well as colony formation assay. The qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of mRNA for key genes. We examined the protein expression of DKK1 and relative markers with western blot. Putative binding places of miR-493-3p on the 3'-untranslated area of DKK1 were predicted using bioinformatics and dual-luciferase method. Results Propofol prohibited phenotypic features of GC, according to our findings. Furthermore, research into the underlying mechanisms of propofol's suppressive effects in GC cell proved that propofol therapy improved the degrees of expression of the potential tumor suppressor miR-493-3p. The inhibiting properties of propofol on GC cell development, migration, and invasion were abolished when propofol-induced miR493-3p was silenced with anti-miR-493-3p. We also found that this drug reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in SGC-7901 cells via inducing miR-493-3p. Propofol-induced miR-493-3p decreases GC cell development via targeting DKK1 and hence inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling, according to these findings. Conclusion Propofol-induced miR-493-3p decreased GC cell development via targeting DKK1 and hence inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling, according to these findings.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Li B, Zhu H. Modulation of redox homeostasis: A strategy to overcome cancer drug resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1156538. [PMID: 37033606 PMCID: PMC10073466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1156538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is hampered by resistance to conventional therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Redox homeostasis manipulation is one of the most effective innovative treatment techniques for overcoming drug resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered intracellular byproducts of aerobic metabolism, are now known to regulate multiple signaling pathways as second messengers. Cancer cells cope with elevated amounts of ROS during therapy by upregulating the antioxidant system, enabling tumor therapeutic resistance via a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we aim to shed light on redox modification and signaling pathways that may contribute to therapeutic resistance. We summarized the molecular mechanisms by which redox signaling-regulated drug resistance, including altered drug efflux, action targets and metabolism, enhanced DNA damage repair, maintained stemness, and reshaped tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of these interrelationships should improve treatment efficacy from a fundamental and clinical research point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huili Zhu,
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Han RH, Huang HM, Han H, Chen H, Zeng F, Xie X, Liu DY, Cai Y, Zhang LQ, Liu X, Xia ZY, Tang J. Propofol postconditioning ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy via upregulating forkhead transcription factors under hyperglycemia. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:58. [PMID: 34753510 PMCID: PMC8579603 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of propofol, an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property, immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion (propofol postconditioning, P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. The FoxO transcription factors are reported to play critical roles in activating cardiomyocyte survival signaling throughout the process of cellular injuries induced by oxidative stress and are also involved in hypoxic postconditioning mediated neuroprotection, however, the role of FoxO in postconditioning mediated protection in the heart and in particular in high glucose condition is unknown. METHODS Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG) for 48 h (h), then subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R, composed of 8 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation) in the absence or presence of postconditioning with various concentrations of propofol (P-PostC) at the onset of reoxygenation. After having identified the optical concentration of propofol, H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R and P-PostC in the absence or presence of FoxO1 or FoxO3a gene silencing to explore their roles in P-PostC mediated protection against apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths under hyperglycemia. RESULTS The results showed that HG with or without H/R decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells, all of which were significantly reversed by propofol (P-PostC), especially at the concentration of 25 µmol/L (P25) (all P < 0.05, NC vs. HG; HG vs. HG + HR; HG + HR + P12.5 or HG + HR + P25 or HG + HR + P50 vs. HG + HR). Moreover, we found that propofol (P25) decreased H9c2 cells apoptosis and autophagy that were concomitant with increased FoxO1 and FoxO3a expression (all P < 0.05, HG + HR + P25 vs. HG + HR). The protective effects of propofol (P25) against H/R injury were reversed by silencing FoxO1 or FoxO3a (all P < 0.05, HG + HR + P25 vs. HG + HR + P25 + siRNA-1 or HG + HR + P25 + siRNA-5). CONCLUSION It is concluded that propofol postconditioning attenuated H9c2 cardiac cells apoptosis and autophagy induced by H/R injury through upregulating FoxO1 and FoxO3a under hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - He-Meng Huang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 518000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dan-Yong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China.
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Li S, Lei Z, Zhao M, Hou Y, Wang D, Xu X, Lin X, Li J, Tang S, Yu J, Meng T. Propofol Inhibits Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through the Protein Kinase C/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655726. [PMID: 34054535 PMCID: PMC8155638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, H) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can damage cardiomyocytes, which was inhibited by propofol (P). The present research was designed to examine whether propofol can reduce myocardial I/R injury by activating protein kinase C (PKC)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway in H9C2 cells and rat Langendorff models. H9C2 cells were disposed of no reagents (C), H2O2 for 24 h (H), propofol for 1 h before H2O2 (H+P), and chelerythrine (CHE, PKC inhibitor) for 1 h before propofol and H2O2 (H+P+CHE). N = 3. The PKC gene of H9C2 was knocked down by siRNA and overexpressed by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, PKC agonist). The cell viability and the expressions of PKC, NRF2, or heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) were evaluated. Propofol significantly reduced H9C2 cell mortality induced by H2O2, and significantly increased NRF2 nuclear location and HO-1 expression, which were restrained by siRNA knockout of PKC and promoted by PMA. Rat hearts were treated with KrebsHenseleit solution for 120 min (C), with (I/R+P) or without (I/R) propofol for 20 min before stopping perfusion for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min, and CHE for 10 min before treated with propofol. N = 6. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in perfusion fluid and antioxidant enzymes in the myocardium were assessed. I/R, which increased LDH and CK-MB expression and reduced SOD expression, boosted the pathological damage and infarcts of the myocardium after reperfusion. However, propofol restrained all these effects, an activity that was antagonized by CHE. The results suggest that propofol pretreatment protects against I/R injury by activating of PKC/NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-invasive Cardiology, Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhai Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Xu ZD, Wang Y, Liang G, Liu ZQ, Ma WH, Chu CT, Wei HF. Propofol affects mouse embryonic fibroblast survival and proliferation in vitro via ATG5- and calcium-dependent regulation of autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:303-310. [PMID: 31645660 PMCID: PMC7471456 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent, which has been found to affect cell survival and proliferation especially in early life. Our previous studies show that propofol-induced neurodegeneration and neurogenesis are closely associated with cell autophagy. In the present study we explored the roles of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) in propofol-induced autophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) in vitro. We showed that ATG5 was functionally related to propofol-induced cell survival and damage: propofol significantly enhanced cell survival and proliferation at a clinically relevant dose (10 µM), but caused cell death at an extremely high concentration (200 µM) in ATG5−/− MEF, but not in WT cells. The dual effects found in ATG5−/− MEF could be blocked by intracellular Ca2+ channel antagonists. We also found that propofol evoked a moderate (promote cell growth) and extremely high (cause apoptosis) cytosolic Ca2+ elevation at the concentrations of 10 µM and 200 µM, respectively, only in ATG5−/− MEF. In addition, ATG5−/− MEF themselves released more Ca2+ in cytosolic space and endoplasmic reticulum compared with WT cells, suggesting that autophagy deficiency made intracellular calcium signaling more vulnerable to external stimuli (propofol). Altogether, our results reveal that ATG5 plays a crucial role in propofol regulation of cell survival and proliferation by affecting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Na Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wendt L, Vider J, Hoe LES, Du Toit E, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Complex Effects of Putative DRP-1 Inhibitors on Stress Responses in Mouse Heart and Rat Cardiomyoblasts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:95-106. [PMID: 31704803 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP-1)-dependent mitochondrial fission may influence cardiac tolerance to ischemic or oxidative stress, presenting a potential "cardioprotective" target. Effects of dynamin inhibitors [mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (MDIVI-1) and dynasore] on injury, mitochondrial function, and signaling proteins were assessed in distinct models: ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in mouse hearts and oxidative stress in rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Hearts exhibited substantial cell death [approx. 40 IU lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux] and dysfunction (approx. 40 mmHg diastolic pressure, approx. 40% contractile recovery) following 25 minutes' ischemia. Pretreatment with 1 μM MDIVI-1 reduced dysfunction (30 mmHg diastolic pressure, approx. 55% recovery) and delayed without reducing overall cell death, whereas 5 μM MDIVI-1 reduced overall death at the same time paradoxically exaggerating dysfunction. Postischemic expression of mitochondrial DRP-1 and phospho-activation of ERK1/2 were reduced by MDIVI-1. Conversely, 1 μM dynasore worsened cell death and reduced nonmitochondrial DRP-1. Postischemic respiratory fluxes were unaltered by MDIVI-1, although a 50% fall in complex-I flux control ratio was reversed. In H9c2 myoblasts stressed with 400 μM H2O2, treatment with 50 μM MDIVI-1 preserved metabolic (MTT assay) and mitochondrial (basal respiration) function without influencing survival. This was associated with differential signaling responses, including reduced early versus increased late phospho-activation of ERK1/2, increased phospho-activation of protein kinase B (AKT), and differential changes in determinants of autophagy [reduced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3b (LC3B-II/I) vs. increased Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2 (Parkin)] and apoptosis [reduced poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage vs. increased BCL2-associated X (BAX)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)]. These data show MDIVI-1 (not dynasore) confers some benefit during I-R/oxidative stress. However, despite mitochondrial and metabolic preservation, MDIVI-1 exerts mixed effects on cell death versus dysfunction, potentially reflecting differential changes in survival kinase, autophagy, and apoptosis pathways. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhibition of mitochondrial fission is a novel approach to still elusive cardioprotection. Assessing effects of fission inhibitors on responses to ischemic or oxidative stress in hearts and cardiomyoblasts reveals mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (MDIVI-1) and dynasore induce complex effects and limited cardioprotection. This includes differential impacts on death and dysfunction, survival kinases, and determinants of autophagy and apoptosis. Although highlighting the interconnectedness of fission and these key processes, results suggest MDIVI-1 and dynasore may be of limited value in the quest for effective cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Eugene Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
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Gong T, Ning X, Deng Z, Liu M, Zhou B, Chen X, Huang S, Xu Y, Chen Z, Luo R. Propofol‐induced miR‐219‐5p inhibits growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of GPC3‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling activation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16934-16945. [PMID: 31104336 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xue Ning
- Department of Anesthesiology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhiya Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Cancer Center Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xijun Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Cancer Center Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shisi Huang
- Department of Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Cancer Center Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Cancer Center Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Department of Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Cancer Center Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Sheu SJ, Chen JL, Bee YS, Lin SH, Shu CW. ERBB2-modulated ATG4B and autophagic cell death in human ARPE19 during oxidative stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213932. [PMID: 30870514 PMCID: PMC6417729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular disease with retinal degeneration. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration is mainly caused by long-term oxidative stress. Kinase activity could be either protective or detrimental to cells during oxidative stress; however, few reports have described the role of kinases in oxidative stress. In this study, high-throughput screening of kinome siRNA library revealed that erb-b2 receptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (ERBB2) knockdown reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ARPE-19 cells during oxidative stress. Silencing ERBB2 caused an elevation in microtubule associated protein light chain C3-II (MAP1LC3B-II/I) conversion and sequesterone (SQSTM)1 protein level. ERBB2 deprivation largely caused an increase in autophagy-regulating protease (ATG4B) expression, a protease that negatively recycles MAP1LC3-II at the fusion step between the autophagosome and lysosome, suggesting ERBB2 might modulate ATG4B for autophagy induction in oxidative stress-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. ERBB2 knockdown also caused an accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and enhanced its transcriptional activity. In addition, ERBB2 ablation or treatment with autophagy inhibitors reduced oxidative-induced cytotoxic effects in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, ERBB2 silencing had little or no additive effects in ATG5/7-deficient cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ERBB2 may play an important role in modulating autophagic RPE cell death during oxidative stress, and ERBB2 may be a potential target in AMD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Youn-Shen Bee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Han Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Pan X, Song X, Wang C, Cheng T, Luan D, Xu K, Tang B. H 2Se Induces Reductive Stress in HepG2 Cells and Activates Cell Autophagy by Regulating the Redox of HMGB1 Protein under Hypoxia. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1794-1808. [PMID: 31037139 PMCID: PMC6485193 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Selenium has been shown to have chemotherapeutic effects against cancer. However, the anti-cancer mechanism of selenium is not fully understood, and the role of hydrogen selenide (H2Se), which is a common metabolite of dietary selenium compounds, has not been elucidated due to the lack of detection methods. In this study, we revealed a new anti-cancer mechanism of selenite with the help of a H2Se fluorescent probe. Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured under a simulated tumor hypoxic microenvironment. The H2Se and H2O2 levels were detected by fluorescent probes in living cells and in mice. Autophagic and apoptotic proteins were detected by Western blotting. The redox of HMGB1 protein were analyzed by non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: After pharmacological doses of Na2SeO3 treatment of HepG2 cells under hypoxic conditions, high levels of H2Se were produced before cell death. The H2Se accumulation resulted in reductive stress instead of oxidative stress, which was induced by Na2SeO3 treatment under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, H2Se targeted the HMGB1 protein and induced cell autophagy. H2Se could interrupt the disulfide bond in HMGB1 and promote its secretion. The reduced HMGB1 outside the cells stimulated cell autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR axis. Here, autophagy played a dual role, i.e., mild autophagy inhibited apoptosis, while excessive autophagy led to autophagy-associated cell death. Conclusions: These results show that H2Se plays a key role during HepG2 cell death induced by selenite. Our findings reveal a new anti-cancer mechanism of selenite and provide a new research area for selenium studies.
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Szatmári-Tóth M, Ilmarinen T, Mikhailova A, Skottman H, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Kristóf E, Lytvynchuk L, Veréb Z, Fésüs L, Petrovski G. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Role in Dead Cell Clearance and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040926. [PMID: 30791639 PMCID: PMC6412543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient removal of dying retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by professional phagocytes can result in debris formation and development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in AMD pathogenesis. Only a few well-established in vitro phagocytosis assay models exist. We propose human embryonic stem cell-derived-RPE cells as a new model for studying RPE cell removal by professional phagocytes. The characteristics of human embryonic stem cells-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) are similar to native RPEs based on their gene and protein expression profile, integrity, and barrier properties or regarding drug transport. However, no data exist about RPE death modalities and how efficiently dying hESC-RPEs are taken upby macrophages, and whether this process triggers an inflammatory responses. This study demonstrates hESC-RPEs can be induced to undergo anoikis or autophagy-associated cell death due to extracellular matrix detachment or serum deprivation and hydrogen-peroxide co-treatment, respectively, similar to primary human RPEs. Dying hESC-RPEs are efficiently engulfed by macrophages which results in high amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release. These findings suggest that the clearance of anoikic and autophagy-associated dying hESC-RPEs can be used as a new model for investigating AMD pathogenesis or for testing the in vivo potential of these cells in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Szatmári-Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tanja Ilmarinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Alexandra Mikhailova
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heli Skottman
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Endre Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Eye Clinic, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Boccalini G, Sassoli C, Bani D, Nistri S. Relaxin induces up-regulation of ADAM10 metalloprotease in RXFP1-expressing cells by PI3K/AKT signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:80-86. [PMID: 29180109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ADAM10 metalloprotease is required for activation of Notch-1, a transmembrane receptor regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, whose intracellular proteolytic fragment NICD mediates some key cardiovascular effects of the hormone relaxin (RLX). This study demonstrates the involvement of ADAM10 and PI3K/Akt signaling in mediating RLX-induced Notch-1 activation. H9c2 cardiomyocytes and NIH3T3 fibroblasts were incubated with human RLX-2 (17 nmol/l, 24 h) in presence or absence of the PI3K or Akt inhibitors wortmannin (WT, 100 nmol/l) and triciribine (TCN, 1 μmol/l). Cyclohexanedione-inactivated RLX (iRLX) served as negative control. RLX significantly increased Akt phosphorylation, ADAM10 and NICD expression, which were abolished by WT or TCN and did not occur with iRLX. These findings highlight a new receptor-specific signal transduction pathway of RLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boccalini
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, Dept. Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Dept. Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, Dept. Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, Dept. Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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13
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Oxidative stress-modulating drugs have preferential anticancer effects - involving the regulation of apoptosis, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolism, and migration. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 58:109-117. [PMID: 30149066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To achieve preferential effects against cancer cells but less damage to normal cells is one of the main challenges of cancer research. In this review, we explore the roles and relationships of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, DNA damage, ER stress, autophagy, metabolism, and migration of ROS-modulating anticancer drugs. Understanding preferential anticancer effects in more detail will improve chemotherapeutic approaches that are based on ROS-modulating drugs in cancer treatments.
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14
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Ji ST, Kim YJ, Jung SY, Kim DY, Kang S, Park JH, Jang WB, Ha J, Yun J, Kwon SM. Oleuropein attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced autophagic cell death in human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:675-680. [PMID: 29604275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with self-renewing properties; thus, transplanting functionally enhanced MSCs might be a promising strategy for cell therapy against ischemic diseases. However, extensive oxidative damage in ischemic tissue affects the cell fate of transplanted MSCs, eventually resulting in cell damage and autophagic cell death. Oleuropein (OLP) is a bioactive compound isolated from olives and olive oil that harbors antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of OLP against oxidative stress and autophagic cell death in MSCs. We found that short-term priming with OLP attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the pro-apoptotic marker Bax and the anti-apoptotic markers Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Notably, OLP inhibits H2O2 -induced autophagic cell death by modulating autophagy-related death signals, including mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1), Beclin-1, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1a/1b-light chain 3). Our data suggest that OLP might reduce H2O2-induced autophagy and cell apoptosis in MSCs by regulating both the AMPK-ULK axis and the Bcl-2-Mcl-1 axis. Consequently, short-term cell priming with OLP might enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs against ischemic vascular diseases, which provides an important potential improvement for emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ha
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Wang JP, Chi RF, Wang K, Ma T, Guo XF, Zhang XL, Li B, Qin FZ, Han XB, Fan BA. Oxidative stress impairs myocyte autophagy, resulting in myocyte hypertrophy. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:461-472. [PMID: 29327381 DOI: 10.1113/ep086650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does oxidative stress induce impairment of autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy early after pressure overload? What is the main finding and its importance? In cultured myocytes, hydrogen peroxide decreased autophagy and increased hypertrophy, and inhibition of autophagy enhanced myocyte hypertrophy. In rats with early myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload, myocyte autophagy was progressively decreased. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol prevented the decrease of myocyte autophagy and attenuated myocyte hypertrophy early after pressure overload. These findings suggest that oxidative stress impairs myocyte autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy. ABSTRACT Insufficient or excessive myocyte autophagy is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Reactive oxygen species mediate myocyte hypertrophy in vitro and pressure overload-induced LV hypertrophy in vivo. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induces an impairment of autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy. H9C2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine were exposed to 10 and 50 μm hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) for 48 h. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or sham operation. The animals were killed 24, 48 or 72 h after surgery. In a separate group, the AAC and sham-operated rats randomly received the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol for 72 h. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, H2 O2 decreased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to LC3 I and increased P62 and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) proteins and myocyte surface area. 3-Methyladenine further increased H2 O2 -induced p-ERK expression. In rats after AAC, the heart to body weight ratio was progressively increased, the LC3 II/I ratio was progressively decreased, p62 and p-ERK expression was increased, and expression of Beclin1, Atg5 and Atg12 was decreased. N-Acetyl-cysteine or tempol prevented the decreases in the LC3 II/I ratio and Beclin1 and Atg5 expression and attenuated the increases in LV wall thickness, myocyte diameter and brain natriuretic peptide expression in AAC rats. In conclusion, oxidative stress decreases Beclin1 and Atg5 expression that results in impairment of autophagy, leading to myocyte hypertrophy. These findings suggest that antioxidants or restoration of autophagy might be of value in the prevention of early myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Pu Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Rui-Fang Chi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Teng Ma
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Bao Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Fu-Zhong Qin
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xue-Bin Han
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Bian-Ai Fan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School Affiliate, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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16
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Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin attenuates the cytotoxicity of sunitinib in cardiomyocytes via inhibition of the autophagy pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28624441 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib malate (sunitinib) is an orally available, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. Although sunitinib is effective for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, advanced renal cell carcinoma, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, adverse cardiac events associated with sunitinib administration have been reported. Here, we examined the effect of geldanamycin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90, on sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. First, we found that treatment with geldanamycin or other Hsp90 inhibitors (tanespimycin, ganetespib, or BIIB021) significantly attenuated sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes, suggesting a drug-class effect of Hsp90 inhibitors. We then examined the mechanisms underlying sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity and found that sunitinib induced autophagy in H9c2 cells and that pretreatment with geldanamycin inhibited the induction of autophagy by promoting degradation of the autophagy-related proteins Atg7, Beclin-1, and ULK1. Pharmacological assessment with autophagy inhibitors confirmed that geldanamycin attenuated the cytotoxicity of sunitinib by interfering with autophagy. In addition, we found that the molecular chaperone Hsp70, which is induced by geldanamycin, was not involved in the attenuation of sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, to provide more clinically relevant data, we confirmed that geldanamycin attenuated sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest that geldanamycin attenuates sunitinib-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the autophagy pathway. Thus, the further investigation of combination or sequential treatment with an Hsp90 inhibitor and sunitinib is warranted as a potential strategy of attenuating the cardiotoxicity associated with sunitinib administration in the clinical setting.
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17
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Potential Protective Effects of Bioactive Constituents from Chinese Propolis against Acute Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Cardiac H9c2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7074147. [PMID: 28337227 PMCID: PMC5350327 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7074147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese propolis (CP) is known as a health food but its beneficial effects in protecting cardiomyocytes remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of CP and its active compounds on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced rats cardiomyocytes (H9c2) oxidative injury. Cell viability decreases induced by H2O2 were mitigated by different CP extracts using various solvents. From these active fractions, six active compounds were separated and identified. Among tested isolated compound, the cytoprotective activities of three caffeates, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), benzyl caffeate (BZC), and cinnamyl caffeate (CNC), exerted stronger effects than chrysin, pinobanksin, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (DMCA). These three caffeates also increased H9c2 cellular antioxidant potential, decreased intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) level, and prevented cell apoptosis. Overall, the cardiovascular protective effects of the CP might be attributed to its caffeates constituents (CAPE, BZC, and CNC) and provide evidence for its usage in complementary and alternative medicine.
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18
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Clearance of autophagy-associated dying retinal pigment epithelial cells - a possible source for inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2367. [PMID: 27607582 PMCID: PMC5059849 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo different forms of cell death, including autophagy-associated cell death during age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Failure of macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) to engulf the different dying cells in the retina may result in the accumulation of debris and progression of AMD. ARPE-19 and primary human RPE cells undergo autophagy-associated cell death upon serum depletion and oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Autophagy was revealed by elevated light-chain-3 II (LC3-II) expression and electron microscopy, while autophagic flux was confirmed by blocking the autophago-lysosomal fusion using chloroquine (CQ) in these cells. The autophagy-associated dying RPE cells were engulfed by human macrophages, DCs and living RPE cells in an increasing and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) decreased the engulfment of the autophagy-associated dying cells by macrophages, whereas sorting out the GFP-LC3-positive/autophagic cell population or treatment by the glucocorticoid triamcinolone (TC) enhanced it. Increased amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 were released when autophagy-associated dying RPEs were engulfed by macrophages. Our data suggest that cells undergoing autophagy-associated cell death engage in clearance mechanisms guided by professional and non-professional phagocytes, which is accompanied by inflammation as part of an in vitro modeling of AMD pathogenesis.
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19
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Chang CY, Chen PH, Lu SC, Hsieh MC, Lin CW, Lee HM, Jawan B, Kao YH. Propofol-enhanced autophagy increases motility and angiogenic capacity of cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Life Sci 2015; 142:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Barreto-Torres G, Hernandez JS, Jang S, Rodríguez-Muñoz AR, Torres-Ramos CA, Basnakian AG, Javadov S. The beneficial effects of AMP kinase activation against oxidative stress are associated with prevention of PPARα-cyclophilin D interaction in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H749-58. [PMID: 25617357 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00414.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AMP kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism in cardiac cells. Furthermore, activation of AMPK protects the heart from myocardial infarction and heart failure. The present study examines whether or not AMPK affects the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)/mitochondria pathway in response to acute oxidative stress in cultured cardiomyocytes. Cultured H9c2 rat embryonic cardioblasts were exposed to H2O2-induced acute oxidative stress in the presence or absence of metformin, compound C (AMPK inhibitor), GW6471 (PPARα inhibitor), or A-769662 (AMPK activator). Results showed that AMPK activation by metformin reverted oxidative stress-induced inactivation of AMPK and prevented oxidative stress-induced cell death. In addition, metformin attenuated reactive oxygen species generation and depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The antioxidative effects of metformin were associated with the prevention of mitochondrial DNA damage in cardiomyocytes. Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that metformin abolished oxidative stress-induced physical interactions between PPARα and cyclophilin D (CypD), and the abolishment of these interactions was associated with inhibition of permeability transition pore formation. The beneficial effects of metformin were not due to acetylation or phosphorylation of PPARα in response to oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the protective effects of metformin-induced AMPK activation against oxidative stress converge on mitochondria and are mediated, at least in part, through the dissociation of PPARα-CypD interactions, independent of phosphorylation and acetylation of PPARα and CypD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Barreto-Torres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Jessica Soto Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Adlín R Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Carlos A Torres-Ramos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
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N-acetyl-serotonin offers neuroprotection through inhibiting mitochondrial death pathways and autophagic activation in experimental models of ischemic injury. J Neurosci 2014; 34:2967-78. [PMID: 24553937 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1948-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin (NAS) is an immediate precursor of melatonin, which we have reported is neuroprotective against ischemic injury. Here we test whether NAS is a potential neuroprotective agent in experimental models of ischemic injury. We demonstrate that NAS inhibits cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation or H2O2 in primary cerebrocortical neurons and primary hippocampal neurons in vitro, and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures ex vivo and reduces hypoxia/ischemia injury in the middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia in vivo. We find that NAS is neuroprotective by inhibiting the mitochondrial cell death pathway and the autophagic cell death pathway. The neuroprotective effects of NAS may result from the influence of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, mitochondrial fragmentation, and inhibition of the subsequent release of apoptogenic factors cytochrome c, Smac, and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and activation of caspase-3, -9, as well as the suppression of the activation of autophagy under stress conditions by increasing LC3-II and Beclin-1 levels and decreasing p62 level. However, NAS, unlike melatonin, does not provide neuroprotection through the activation of melatonin receptor 1A. We demonstrate that NAS reaches the brain subsequent to intraperitoneal injection using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Given that it occurs naturally and has low toxicity, NAS, like melatonin, has potential as a novel therapy for ischemic injury.
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22
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N-acetyl-serotonin offers neuroprotection through inhibiting mitochondrial death pathways and autophagic activation in experimental models of ischemic injury. J Neurosci 2014. [PMID: 24553937 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin (NAS) is an immediate precursor of melatonin, which we have reported is neuroprotective against ischemic injury. Here we test whether NAS is a potential neuroprotective agent in experimental models of ischemic injury. We demonstrate that NAS inhibits cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation or H2O2 in primary cerebrocortical neurons and primary hippocampal neurons in vitro, and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures ex vivo and reduces hypoxia/ischemia injury in the middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia in vivo. We find that NAS is neuroprotective by inhibiting the mitochondrial cell death pathway and the autophagic cell death pathway. The neuroprotective effects of NAS may result from the influence of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, mitochondrial fragmentation, and inhibition of the subsequent release of apoptogenic factors cytochrome c, Smac, and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and activation of caspase-3, -9, as well as the suppression of the activation of autophagy under stress conditions by increasing LC3-II and Beclin-1 levels and decreasing p62 level. However, NAS, unlike melatonin, does not provide neuroprotection through the activation of melatonin receptor 1A. We demonstrate that NAS reaches the brain subsequent to intraperitoneal injection using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Given that it occurs naturally and has low toxicity, NAS, like melatonin, has potential as a novel therapy for ischemic injury.
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23
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Hahm JR, Noh HS, Ha JH, Roh GS, Kim DR. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells via AMPK-dependent autophagy. Life Sci 2014; 100:125-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Capilliposide Isolated from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. Induces ROS Generation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:497456. [PMID: 24523821 PMCID: PMC3910464 DOI: 10.1155/2014/497456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several data has reported that capilliposide, extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine, Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. (LC) could exhibit inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in various cancers. The current study investigated the antitumor efficacy of Capilliposide and elucidated its potential molecular mechanism involved in vivo and vitro. Our results indicated that LC capilliposide inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. LC capilliposide induced cell cycle arrest at the S stage and enhanced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Treatment with LC capilliposide increased the intracellular level of ROS, which activated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Blockage of ROS by NAC highly reversed the effect of LC capilliposide on apoptosis. Xenograft tumor growth was significantly lower in the LC-treated group compared with the untreated control group (P < 0.05). The results also show that LC treatment does not produce any overt signs of acute toxicity in vivo. These findings demonstrate that LC capilliposide could exert an anti-tumor effect on NSCLC through mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway and the activation of ROS is involved.
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Lee BS, Kim SH, Jin T, Choi EY, Oh J, Park S, Lee SH, Chung JH, Kang SM. Protective effect of survivin in Doxorubicin-induced cell death in h9c2 cardiac myocytes. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:400-7. [PMID: 23882289 PMCID: PMC3717423 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.6.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Apoptosis has been known to be an important mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Survivin, which belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is associated with apoptosis and alteration of the cardiac myocyte molecular pathways. Therefore, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect and cellular mechanisms of survivin using a protein delivery system in a doxorubicin-induced cardiac myocyte injury model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed a recombinant survivin which was fused to the protein transduction domain derived from HIV-TAT protein. In cultured H9c2 cardiac myocytes, TAT-survivin (1 µM) was added for 1 hour prior to doxorubicin (1 µM) treatment for 24 hours. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by 2-(4,5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, caspase-3 activity, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay. We measured the expression levels of several apoptosis-related signal proteins. RESULTS The survivin level was significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner up to 1 µM of doxorubicin in concentration. Purified recombinant TAT-survivin protein was efficiently delivered to H9c2 cardiac myocytes, and its transduction showed an anti-apoptotic effect, demonstrated by reduced caspase-3 activity and the apoptotic index, concomitantly with increased cell viability against doxorubicin injury. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the release of Smac from mitochondria were suppressed and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), the transcription factor of Bcl-2, were recovered following TAT-survivin transduction, indicating that survivin had an anti-apoptotic effect against doxorubicin injury. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that survivin has a potentially cytoprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis through mechanisms that involve a decrease in the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, mitochondrial Smac release, and increased expression of Bcl-2 and CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Seob Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. ; Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Gu J, Chi M, Sun X, Wang G, Li M, Liu L, Li X. Propofol-induced protection of SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide is associated with the HO-1 via the ERK pathway. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:599-606. [PMID: 23569422 PMCID: PMC3619098 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol), is an anesthetic and routinely used for the humans sedation during surgery. The potent inducers of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant stress responsive to propofol were investigated. First, a dose of 25-100 µM propofol showed no significant cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells and pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with propofol (25-100 μM) for 8h prevented cell death and maintained cell integrity following exposure to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide by MTT assays. Then, an increase in the generation of ROS following hydrogen peroxide treatment was significantly attenuated by 8 h pre-treatment with propofol. Additionally, the potential roles of ERK, p 38 MAPK and JNK in the regulation of propofol-induced endogenous HO-1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells were estimated by Western blotting assays. Results showed that propofol significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p 38 MAPK and JNK and antioxidant stress responsive to propofol was attenuated by the inhibition of ERK signaling biochemical inhibitors. These results suggest that the ERK pathway plays an important role in the regulation of propofol-mediated antioxidant effects in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 6 Baojian Rd., Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
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Lin MC, Chen CL, Yang TT, Choi PC, Hsing CH, Lin CF. Anesthetic propofol overdose causes endothelial cytotoxicity in vitro and endothelial barrier dysfunction in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chung SD, Lai TY, Chien CT, Yu HJ. Activating Nrf-2 signaling depresses unilateral ureteral obstruction-evoked mitochondrial stress-related autophagy, apoptosis and pyroptosis in kidney. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47299. [PMID: 23071780 PMCID: PMC3468574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbated oxidative stress and inflammation may induce three types of programmed cell death, autophagy, apoptosis and pyroptosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney. Sulforaphane activating NF-E2-related nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) signaling may ameliorate UUO-induced renal damage. UUO was induced in the left kidney of female Wistar rats. The level of renal blood flow, cortical and medullary oxygen tension and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated. Fibrosis, ED-1 (macrophage/monocyte) infiltration, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis and pyroptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in UUO kidneys. Effects of sulforaphane, an Nrf-2 activator, on Nrf-2- and mitochondrial stress-related proteins and renal injury were examined. UUO decreased renal blood flow and oxygen tension and increased renal ROS, 3-nitrotyrosine stain, ED-1 infiltration and fibrosis. Enhanced renal tubular Beclin-1 expression started at 4 h UUO and further enhanced at 3d UUO, whereas increased Atg-5-Atg12 and LC3-II expression were found at 3d UUO. Increased renal Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3 and PARP fragments, apoptosis formation associated with increased caspase 1 and IL-1β expression for pyroptosis formation were started from 3d UUO. UUO reduced nuclear Nrf-2 translocation, increased cytosolic and inhibitory Nrf-2 expression, increased cytosolic Bax translocation to mitochondrial and enhanced mitochondrial Cytochrome c release into cytosol of the UUO kidneys. Sulforaphane significantly increased nuclear Nrf-2 translocation and decreased mitochondrial Bax translocation and Cytochrome c release into cytosol resulting in decreased renal injury. In conclusion, sulforaphane via activating Nrf-2 signaling preserved mitochondrial function and suppressed UUO-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, autophagy, apoptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Dong Chung
- Department of Urology, Far East Memory Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institution of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting Yu Lai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang Ting Chien
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HJY); (CTC)
| | - Hong Jen Yu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HJY); (CTC)
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King N, Al Shaama M, Suleiman MS. Propofol improves recovery of the isolated working hypertrophic heart from ischaemia-reperfusion. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:513-22. [PMID: 23001119 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The general anaesthetic propofol shows promise in protecting normal hearts against various cardiac insults, but little is known about its cardioprotective potential in hypertrophic hearts. This study tested the hypothesis that propofol at a clinically relevant dose would enhance functional recovery in hypertrophic hearts following ischaemia. Hypertrophic hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats and hearts from their normotensive controls, Wistar Kyoto Rats, were equilibrated in the working mode prior to global normothermic ischaemia. Reperfusion commenced with 10 min in Langendorff mode, followed by 30-min working reperfusion. Functional performance was measured throughout the working mode, whilst reperfusion damage was assessed from myocardial troponin I release during Langendorff reperfusion. Where used, 4 μg/ml propofol was added 10 min before ischaemia and was washed out 10 min into working reperfusion. An additional protocol investigated recovery of hearts protected by normothermic hyperkalaemic cardioplegic arrest. Following 20-min ischaemia, reperfusion damage was significantly worse in hypertrophic hearts compared to normal hearts, whilst addition of propofol to hypertrophic hearts significantly improved the aortic flow (31 ± 5.8 vs. 11.6 ± 2.0 ml/min, n = 6-7 ± SE, p < 0.05). Propofol also conferred significant protection following 30-min ischaemia where the recovery of cardiac output and stroke volume was similar to that for cardioplegia alone. Incubation with propofol improved the NADH/NAD(+) ratio in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes from hypertrophic hearts, suggesting possible improvements in metabolic flux. These findings suggest that propofol at the clinically relevant dose of 4 μg/ml is as effective as cardioplegic arrest in protecting hypertrophic hearts against ischaemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola King
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, McClymont Building, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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Gu X, Lu Y, Chen J, He H, Li P, Yang T, Li L, Liu G, Chen Y, Zhang L. Mechanisms mediating propofol protection of pulmonary epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced cell death. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:447-53. [PMID: 22360610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is an anaesthetic agent with anti-oxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to determine whether propofol can protect pulmonary epithelial (A549) cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell death and, if so, the mechanisms involved. The effects of LPS alone and in combination with propofol on A549 cell death were investigated. Cell viability was determined using the colourimetric 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic A549 cells were detected by flow cytometry, as propidium iodide-negative and annexin-V-positive cells, and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase 9 activity, Ca(2+) concentrations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analysed by immunofluorescent methods. Aconitase 2 (ACO2), microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3) and beclin-1 levels were evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and/or western blot analysis. Exposure of A549 cells to 1-50 μg/mL LPS for 3-24 h resulted in the concentration- and time-dependent induction of cell death. Cell apoptosis accounted for approximately 77% of cell death induced by LPS. Propofol (5-150 μmol/L) concentration-dependently inhibited LPS-induced A549 cell death. This protective effect of propofol was accompanied by prevention of LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (reductions in MMP, ACO2 expression and ATP) and was associated with the inhibition of LPS-induced activation of apoptotic signals (caspase 9 activity, ROS overproduction and Ca(2+) accumulation). In addition, propofol blocked LPS-induced overexpression of the autophagy-associated proteins LC3 and beclin-1. The data indicate that propofol protects A549 cells against LPS-induced apoptosis, and probably autophagy, by blocking LPS-induced activation of ROS/caspase 9 pathways and upregulation of LC3 and beclin-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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