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Li Y, Xiao Y, Shang Y, Xu C, Han C, Hu D, Han J, Wang H. Exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells alleviated H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by inhibition of the mir-486-3p/Sirt6/Smad signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:39. [PMID: 38789630 PMCID: PMC11126451 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is characterized by excessive collagen deposition and myofibroblasts activation. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and oxidative stress were pivotal in skin fibrosis process. Exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exo) have the potential to attenuate EndoMT and inhibit fibrosis. The study revealed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased during EndoMT occurrence of dermal vasculature of HS. The morphology of endothelial cells exposure to H2O2, serving as an in vitro model of oxidative stress damage, transitioned from a cobblestone-like appearance to a spindle-like shape. Additionally, the levels of endothelial markers decreased in H2O2-treated endothelial cell, while the expression of fibrotic markers increased. Furthermore, H2O2 facilitated the accumulation of ROS, inhibited cell proliferation, retarded its migration and suppressed tube formation in endothelial cell. However, ADSC-Exo counteracted the biological effects induced by H2O2. Subsequently, miRNAs sequencing analysis revealed the significance of mir-486-3p in endothelial cell exposed to H2O2 and ADSC-Exo. Mir-486-3p overexpression enhanced the acceleration of EndoMT, its inhibitors represented the attenuation of EndoMT. Meanwhile, the target regulatory relationship was observed between mir-486-3p and Sirt6, whereby Sirt6 exerted its anti-EndoMT effect through Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Besides, our research had successfully demonstrated the impact of ADSC-Exo and mir-486-3p on animal models. These findings of our study collectively elucidated that ADSC-Exo effectively alleviated H2O2-induced ROS and EndoMT by inhibiting the mir-486-3p/Sirt6/Smad axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yage Shang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaolei Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Harrell CR, Djonov V, Volarevic A, Arsenijevic A, Volarevic V. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4378. [PMID: 38673961 PMCID: PMC11050301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles which contain various MSC-sourced anti-fibrotic, immunoregulatory and angio-modulatory proteins (growth factors, immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines), lipids, and nucleic acids (messenger RNA and microRNAs). Due to their lipid envelope, MSC-Exos easily by-pass all barriers in the body and deliver their cargo directly in target cells, modulating their viability, proliferation, phenotype and function. The results obtained in recently published experimental studies demonstrated beneficial effects of MSC-Exos in the treatment of lung fibrosis. MSC-Exos reduced activation of fibroblasts and prevented their differentiation in myofibroblasts. By delivering MSC-sourced immunoregulatory factors in lung-infiltrated monocytes and T cells, MSC-Exos modulate their function, alleviating on-going inflammation and fibrosis. MSC-Exos may also serve as vehicles for the target delivery of anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory agents, enabling enhanced attenuation of lung fibrosis. Although numerous pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, there are several challenges that currently hinder their clinical implementation. Therefore, in this review article, we summarized current knowledge and we discussed future perspectives regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms which were responsible for the anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of MSC-Exos, paving the way for their clinical use in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Randall Harrell
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, USA;
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ana Volarevic
- Department of Psychology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Departments of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Departments of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Diwan R, Bhatt HN, Beaven E, Nurunnabi M. Emerging delivery approaches for targeted pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115147. [PMID: 38065244 PMCID: PMC10787600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, and life-threatening interstitial lung disease which causes scarring in the lung parenchyma and thereby affects architecture and functioning of lung. It is an irreversible damage to lung functioning which is related to epithelial cell injury, immense accumulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines, and irregular recruitment of extracellular matrix. The inflammatory cytokines trigger the differentiation of fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, which further increase the production and deposition of collagen at the injury sites in the lung. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with PF, there is no available treatment that efficiently and effectively treats the disease by reversing their underlying pathologies. In recent years, many therapeutic regimens, for instance, rho kinase inhibitors, Smad signaling pathway inhibitors, p38, BCL-xL/ BCL-2 and JNK pathway inhibitors, have been found to be potent and effective in treating PF, in preclinical stages. However, due to non-selectivity and non-specificity, the therapeutic molecules also result in toxicity mediated severe side effects. Hence, this review demonstrates recent advances on PF pathology, mechanism and targets related to PF, development of various drug delivery systems based on small molecules, RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, antibodies, exosomes, and stem cells for the treatment of PF and the progress of various therapeutic treatments in clinical trials to advance PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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Guo Y, Wang H, Lyu R, Wang J, Wang T, Shi J, Lyu L. Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of MicroRNAs for Fibrotic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:53-67. [PMID: 37897655 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that mediate the fibrotic process by regulating multiple targets. MicroRNA-based therapy can restore or inhibit miRNA expression and is expected to become an effective approach to prevent and alleviate fibrotic diseases. However, the safe, targeted, and effective delivery of miRNAs is a major challenge in translating miRNA therapy from bench to bedside. In this review, we briefly describe the pathophysiological process of fibrosis and the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the progression of fibrosis. Additionally, we summarize the miRNA nanodelivery tools for fibrotic diseases, including chemical modifications and polymer-based, lipid-based, and exosome-based delivery systems. Further clarification of the role of miRNAs in fibrosis and the development of a novel nanodelivery system may facilitate the prevention and alleviation of fibrotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Rumin Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingpei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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