Effect of Thiazolidin-4-one Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Damage, and Alterations in Adenine Nucleotide Hydrolysis and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Cultured Astrocytes

3-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one Attenuates Scopolamine-induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Insights Into Neuroprotective Effects

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by memory decline, dysregulation in cholinergic and purinergic signaling, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Current treatments are limited, highlighting the need for new compounds to prevent or delay AD progression. Thiazolidinones have emerged as promising candidates due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (DS27) in a rat model of scopolamine-induced memory deficits. Male rats were divided into groups: I - Control, II - Scopolamine (SCO) (1 mg/kg), III - SCO and DS27 (5 mg/kg), IV - SCO and DS27 (10 mg/kg), V - SCO and donepezil (5 mg/kg). The animals were treated orally with DS27 or donepezil for seven days. On the 8th day, they underwent the open field test and inhibitory avoidance training, followed by intraperitoneal administration SCO. Twenty-four hours later, an inhibitory avoidance test was conducted. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and purinergic parameters were analyzed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebrospinal fluid, serum, lymphocytes, and liver. DS27 prevented memory deficits, alterations in AChE activity, and oxidative damage induced by SCO in brain structures. Additionally, DS27 prevented SCO-induced decrease in IL-10 levels, and increase in IL-6, and TNF-α expression in the cerebral cortex, and normalized ATP and ADP hydrolysis in cerebrospinal fluid and lymphocytes. DS27 did not induce oxidative stress in the liver or alter serum biochemical parameters. These findings suggest that DS27 has significant neuroprotective properties and could be a promising alternative for treating neurodegenerative diseases like AD.

Biochemical evaluation of novel thiazolone derivatives as dual α-glucosidase/α-amylase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents

BACKGROUND

Using an analogue-based drug design approach, a number of novel 2-substituted-1,3-thiazolone derivatives (3-10) have been produced and given permission to proceed for their anti-inflammatory properties. In the present paper, the new thiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested for their alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and COX-inhibitory activities. Approving the anti-diabetic activity.

RESULTS

All the new derivatives were assessed in vitro compared to control (Acarbose) alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase inhibition influence was showed shown through (3, 5, and 7) that were the most effective compounds as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS

Compounds (4 and 7) achieved the best effect as α-amylase inhibitors showed by IC50 score near to that of control (Acarbose). Meanwhile, compound (4) exhibited a lower ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) value when compared to the control experiment (ascorbic acid). A molecular docking study approved the binding affinity and mode of binding of compounds (4 and 5) to the α-glucosidase and α-amylase binding pockets.

Electrospraying and electrospinning of tannic acid-loaded zein: Characterization and antioxidant effects in astrocyte culture exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide

Tannic acid (TA) exhibits low bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract, limiting its benefits due to small amounts reaching the CNS. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop zein capsules and fibers by electrospraying/electrospinning for encapsulation of TA. Polymeric solutions were evaluated by electrical conductivity, density, and viscosity. In zein capsules, up to 2 % TA was added, and in fibers, up to 1 % TA was added. Zein capsule and fiber with TA were evaluated by morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, thermal and thermogravimetric properties, and functional groups. Zein capsule with 1.5 % TA was evaluated in astrocyte culture for cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. TA zein capsules and fibers exhibited high encapsulation efficiency and homogeneous morphology. TA encapsulated in zein presented higher thermal stability than free TA. TA zein capsule did not present toxicity and elicited antioxidant action in lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocyte culture. Capsules and fibers were successfully produced by electrospraying/electrospinning techniques.

Thiazolidin-4-one prevents against memory deficits, increase in phosphorylated tau protein, oxidative damage and cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer disease model: Comparison with donepezil drug

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized mostly by memory decline. The current therapeutic arsenal for treating AD is limited, and the available drugs only produce symptomatic benefits, but do not stop disease progression. The search for effective therapeutic alternatives with multitarget actions is therefore imperative. One such a potential alternative is thiazolidin-4-one, a compound that exhibits anti-amnesic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was evaluated the effects of 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)- 3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl) thiazolidin-4-one (DS12) on memory and neurochemical parameters in a model of AD induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Adult male rats were divided into five groups: I, control (saline); II, DS12 (10 mg/kg); III, STZ; IV, STZ + DS12 (10 mg/kg); V, STZ + donepezil (5 mg/kg). The rats were orally treated with DS12 and donepezil for a period of 20 days. Memory, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, phosphorylated tau protein levels and oxidative stress were analyzed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated in the blood and serum. Memory impairment and the increase in AChE activity and phosphorylated tau protein level induced by STZ were prevented by DS12 and donepezil treatment. Streptozotocin induces an increase in reactive oxygen species levels and a decrease in catalase activity in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. DS12 treatment conferred protection from oxidative alterations in all brain structures. No changes were observed in serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, and urea) or hematological parameters, such as platelets, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total plasma protein. DS12 improved memory and neurochemical changes in an AD model and did not show toxic effects, suggesting the promising therapeutic potential of this compound.