1
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Jiang B, Yuan Y, Yi T, Dang W. The Roles of Antisense Long Noncoding RNAs in Tumorigenesis and Development through Cis-Regulation of Neighbouring Genes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:684. [PMID: 37189431 PMCID: PMC10135817 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense long noncoding RNA (as-lncRNA) is a lncRNA transcribed in reverse orientation that is partially or completely complementary to the corresponding sense protein-coding or noncoding genes. As-lncRNAs, one of the natural antisense transcripts (NATs), can regulate the expression of their adjacent sense genes through a variety of mechanisms, affect the biological activities of cells, and further participate in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumours. This study explores the functional roles of as-lncRNAs, which can cis-regulate protein-coding sense genes, in tumour aetiology to understand the occurrence and development of malignant tumours in depth and provide a better theoretical basis for tumour therapy targeting lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yeqin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ting Yi
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
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2
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CircPVT1: a pivotal circular node intersecting Long Non-Coding-PVT1 and c-MYC oncogenic signals. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:33. [PMID: 35090471 PMCID: PMC8796571 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circular RNAs in oncogenesis has begun to be widely studied in recent years, due to the significant impact that these molecules have in disease pathogenesis, as well as their potential for the future of innovative therapies. Moreover, due to their characteristically circular shape, circular RNAs are very resistant molecules to RNA degradation whose levels are easily assessed in body fluids. Accordingly, they represent an opportunity for the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic markers in a wide range of diseases. Among circular RNAs, circPVT1 is a rather peculiar one that originates from the circularization of the exon 2 of the PVT1 gene that encodes a pro-tumorigenic long non-coding RNA named lncPVT1. There are a few examples of circular RNAs that derive from a locus producing another non-coding RNA. Despite their apparent transcriptional independence, which occurs using two different promoters, a possible synergistic effect in tumorigenesis cannot be excluded considering that both have been reported to correlate with the oncogenic phenotype. This complex mechanism of regulation appears to also be controlled by c-MYC. Indeed, the PVT1 locus is located only 53 Kb downstream c-MYC gene, a well-known oncogene that regulates the expression levels of about 15% of all genes. Here, we review circPVT1 origin and biogenesis highlighting the most important mechanisms through which it plays a fundamental role in oncogenesis, such as the well-known sponge activity on microRNAs, as well as its paradigmatic interactome link with lncPVT1 and c-MYC expression.
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3
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Morgan R, Hunter K, Pandha HS. Downstream of the HOX genes: explaining conflicting tumour suppressor and oncogenic functions in cancer. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1919-1932. [PMID: 35080776 PMCID: PMC9304284 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The HOX genes are a highly conserved group of transcription factors that have key roles in early development, but which are also highly expressed in most cancers. Many studies have found strong associative relationships between the expression of individual HOX genes in tumours and clinical parameters including survival. For the majority of HOX genes, high tumour expression levels seem to be associated with a worse outcome for patients, and in some cases this has been shown to result from the activation of pro-oncogenic genes and pathways. However, there are also many studies that indicate a tumour suppressor role for some HOX genes, sometimes with conclusions that contradict earlier work. In this review, we have attempted to clarify the role of HOX genes in cancer by focusing on their downstream targets as identified in studies that provide experimental evidence for their activation or repression. On this basis, the majority of HOX genes would appear to have a pro-oncogenic function, with the notable exception of HOXD10, which acts exclusively as a tumour suppressor. HOX proteins regulate a wide range of target genes involved in metastasis, cell death, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and activate key cell signalling pathways. Furthermore, for some functionally related targets, this regulation is achieved by a relatively small subgroup of HOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of West LondonLondonUK
| | - Keith Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Hardev S. Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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4
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Li L, Zhang X, Liu Q, Yin H, Diao Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Gao Y, Ren X, Li J, Cui D, Lu Y, Liu H. Emerging role of HOX genes and their related long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:1-6. [PMID: 31112877 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor homeobox (Hox) proteins are the master regulator for the embryonic development. Studies have identified new functions for HOX in the regulation of metabolism and other primary cellular processes in humans. Their dysregulation has been observed in a variety of cancers and accumulating evidence has revealed the crucial role of HOX in cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. HOX-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) became the most attracting lncRNAs recently that play critical role in gene regulation and chromatin dynamics in cancers. In this review, we explore the roles of HOX and their related lncRNAs in lung cancer, indicating HOX genes as potential therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China; School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Yin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yutao Diao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Ren
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
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5
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Yang MH, Zhao L, Wang L, Ou-Yang W, Hu SS, Li WL, Ai ML, Wang YQ, Han Y, Li TT, Ding YQ, Wang S. Nuclear lncRNA HOXD-AS1 suppresses colorectal carcinoma growth and metastasis via inhibiting HOXD3-induced integrin β3 transcriptional activating and MAPK/AKT signalling. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:31. [PMID: 30823921 PMCID: PMC6397497 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated to play critical roles in cancer development and progression. LncRNA HOXD cluster antisense RNA1 (HOXD-AS1) has recently been found to be dysregulated in several cancers. However, the expression levels, cellular localization, precise function and mechanism of HOXD-AS1 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are largely unknown. Methods Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of HOXD-AS1 in CRC tissue samples and cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the biological roles of HOXD-AS1 in CRC cell line. RNA pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the functions of HOXD-AS1 in CRC. Results We observed that HOXD-AS1 was located in the nucleus of CRC cells and that nuclear HOXD-AS1 was downregulated in most CRC specimens and cell lines. Lower levels of nuclear HOXD-AS1 expression were associated with poor outcomes of CRC patients. HOXD-AS1 downregulation enhanced proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and facilitated CRC tumourigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that HOXD-AS1 could suppress HOXD3 transcription by recruiting PRC2 to induce the accumulation of the repressive marker H3K27me3 at the HOXD3 promoter. Subsequently, HOXD3, as a transcriptional activator, promoted Integrin β3 transcription, thereby activating the MAPK/AKT signalling pathways. Conclusion Our results reveal a previously unrecognized HOXD-AS1-HOXD3-Integrin β3 regulatory axis involving in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation constitutes to CRC carcinogenesis and progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-0955-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Ghuangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen Ou-Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sha-Sha Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Lu Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mei-Ling Ai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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6
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Hox5 genes direct elastin network formation during alveologenesis by regulating myofibroblast adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10605-E10614. [PMID: 30348760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807067115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox5 genes (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, Hoxc5) are exclusively expressed in the lung mesenchyme during embryogenesis, and the most severe phenotypes result from constitutive loss of function of all three genes. Because Hox5 triple null mutants exhibit perinatal lethality, the contribution of this paralogous group to postembryonic lung development is unknown. Intriguingly, expression of all three Hox5 genes peaks during the first 2 weeks after birth, reaching levels far exceeding those measured at embryonic stages, and surviving Hoxa5 single and Hox5 AabbCc compound mutants exhibit defects in the localization of alveolar myofibroblasts. To define the contribution of the entire Hox5 paralogous group to this process, we generated an Hoxa5 conditional allele to use with our existing null alleles for Hoxb5 and Hoxc5 Postnatally, mesenchymal deletion of Hoxa5 in an Hoxb5/Hoxc5 double-mutant background results in severe alveolar simplification. The elastin network required for alveolar formation is dramatically disrupted in Hox5 triple mutants, while the basal lamina, interstitial matrix, and fibronectin are normal. Alveolar myofibroblasts remain Pdgfrα+/SMA+ double positive and present in normal numbers, indicating that the irregular elastin network is not due to fibroblast differentiation defects. Rather, we observe that SMA+ myofibroblasts of Hox5 triple mutants are morphologically abnormal both in vivo and in vitro with highly reduced adherence to fibronectin. This loss of adhesion is a result of loss of the integrin heterodimer Itga5b1 in mutant fibroblasts. Collectively, these data show an important role for Hox5 genes in lung fibroblast adhesion necessary for proper elastin network formation during alveologenesis.
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7
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Luo BP, Luo J, Hu YB, Yao XW, Wu FH. Cyclin D1b Splice Variant Promotes αvβ3-mediated EMT Induced by LPS in Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:467-472. [PMID: 30074214 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis, and is relevant to the inflammatory microenvironment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall constituent of gram-negative bacteria, has been reported to induce EMT of cancer cells through TLR4 signal. We previously reported that LPS promoted metastasis of mesenchymallike breast cancer cells with high expression of cyclin D1b. However, the role of cyclin D1b in LPS-induced EMT has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we described that cyclin D1b augmented EMT induced by LPS in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cyclin D1b markedly amplified integrin αvβ3 expression, which was further up-regulated under LPS stimulation. Our results showed ectopic expression of cyclin D1b promoted invasiveness of epithelial-like MCF-7 cells under LPS stimulation. Additionally, LPS-induced metastasis and EMT in MCF-7-D1b cells might depend on αvβ3 expression. Further exploration indicated that cyclin D1b cooperated with HoxD3, a transcription factor promoting αvβ3 expression, to promote LPSinduced EMT. Knockout of HoxD3 repressed LPS-induced EMT and αvβ3 over-expression in MCF-7 cells with high expression of cyclin D1b. Specifically, all these effects were in a cyclin Dla independent manner. Taken all together, LPS up-regulated integrin αvβ3 expression in MCF-7 cells with high expression of cyclin D1b and induced EMT in breast cancer cells, which highlights that cyclin D1b may act as an endogenous pathway participating in exogenous signal inducing EMT in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ping Luo
- Department of Tumor, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The First Clinic College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Yi-Bing Hu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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8
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Wang L, Sun H, Wang X, Hou N, Zhao L, Tong D, He K, Yang Y, Song T, Yang J, Huang C. EGR1 mediates miR-203a suppress the hepatocellular carcinoma cells progression by targeting HOXD3 through EGFR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45302-45316. [PMID: 27244890 PMCID: PMC5216724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1 plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, its precise role in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that the overexpression of EGR1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis by binding to the miR-203a promoter sequence. In addition, we investigated the function of miR-203a on progression of HCC cells. We verified that the effect of overexpression of miR-203a is consistent with that of EGR1 in regulation of cell progression. Through bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assays, we confirmed that miR-203a targets HOXD3. Silencing HOXD3 could block transition of the G2/M phase, increase cell apoptosis, decrease the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins, EGFR, p-AKT, p-ERK, CCNB1, CDK1 and Bcl2 by targeting EGFR through EGFR/AKT and ERK cell signaling pathways. Likewise, restoration of HOXD3 counteracted the effects of miR-203a expression.In conclusion, our findings are the first to demonstrate that EGR1 is a key player in the transcriptional control of miR-203a, and that miR-203a acts as an anti-oncogene to suppress HCC tumorigenesis by targeting HOXD3 through EGFR-related cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ni Hou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tusheng Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Han L, Xu G, Xu C, Liu B, Liu D. Potential prognostic biomarkers identified by DNA methylation profiling analysis for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3552-3557. [PMID: 29467875 PMCID: PMC5796271 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is frequently occurring type of lung cancer with high metastatic risk. We performed a DNA methylation profiling analysis to identify possible prognostic markers involved in lung adenocarcinoma. DNA methylation profiling data (GSE66386) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially methylated genes were identified using a limma package. GO enrichment analysis was performed to identify vital functions related to differential gene methylation, and pathway analysis was performed to assess the associations between different proteins with regard to regulation of cell function and metabolism. The screening results showed a total of 112,662 differentially methylated genes in lung adenocarcinoma patients compared with those of the normal controls. These CpGs were involved in 16,705 genes. The skeletal system development (P=9.46E-27) and embryonic organ morphogenesis (P=8.67E-24) were found to be involved in lung adenocarcinoma. The cancer (P=3.64E-07), Rap1 signaling (P=9.21E-05) and calcium signaling (P=9.21E-05) pathways constituted the important pathways associated with lung adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, methylated PTPRF, HOXD3, HOXD13 and CACNA1A are potential markers and may be utilized for the diagnosis and therapy of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankui Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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10
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Weingarten C, Jenudi Y, Tshuva RY, Moskovich D, Alfandari A, Hercbergs A, Davis PJ, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. The Interplay Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the Thyroid Hormones-αvβ3 Axis in Ovarian Cancer. Discov Oncol 2017; 9:22-32. [PMID: 29260382 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic disease. The metastatic potential is enhanced by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which αvβ3 integrin plays a role. Thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine, T4, and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) bind this integrin, and we hypothesized that the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 axis may be involved in EMT activity in ovarian cancer. The transcription (mRNA), protein abundance (westerns), and protein localization (fluorescence microscopy) of several EMT markers were studied in ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, A2780, and SKOV-3) treated with 1 nM T3 or 100 nM T4 for 1-24 h. The protein levels of β-catenin, and its downstream targets, zeb-1, slug, and vimentin, were significantly induced by both hormones, while the effect on transcription was limited. The pre-incubation of the cells overnight with two integrin inhibitors, RGD (0.1-10 μM) or αvβ3 blocking antibody (1-100 ng/mL), prevented the induction of β-catenin by T3 and zeb-1 by T4, indicating direct integrin involvement. The transcription of the mesenchymal markers, β-catenin, zeb-1, slug/snail, vimentin, and n-cadherin was hardly affected by T3 and T4, while that of the epithelial markers, e-cadherin and zo-1, was inhibited. Our results suggest a novel role for the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 axis in EMT, with possible implications for ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Weingarten
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Jenudi
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rami Yair Tshuva
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Dotan Moskovich
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Alfandari
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel. .,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Chen F, Sun G, Peng J. RNAi-mediated HOXD3 knockdown inhibits growth in human RKO cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1793-8. [PMID: 27499213 PMCID: PMC5022871 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the multifunctional Homeobox-containing (HOX) D3 gene is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. To elucidate the role and mechanism of HOXD3 in colorectal cancer (CRC), we measured its expression in five CRC cell lines. After determining that HOXD3 was highly expressed in the human RKO cancer cell line, we used lentiviral-mediated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to knock down HOXD3 expression and assessed proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and colony formation using cell proliferation, flow cytometric, and colony formation assays. The expression of HOXD3 was strongly suppressed in the RKO cells infected with the lentiviruse expressing an HOXD3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The downregulation of HOXD3 expression in RKO cells significantly decreased proliferation and colony formation, and increased apoptosis in vitro, compared to the cells infected with the mock control (p<0.01). Moreover, specific downregulation of HOXD3 led to the accumulation of cells at the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Our findings revealed that the HOXD3 gene promotes CRC cell growth and plays a pivotal role in the development and survival of malignant human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China
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12
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Bao L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang H, Dong N, Su X, Xu M, Wang X. Variations of chromosome 2 gene expressions among patients with lung cancer or non-cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:419-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Wang H, Liu G, Shen D, Ye H, Huang J, Jiao L, Sun Y. HOXA1 enhances the cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1203-10. [PMID: 26135141 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA1, a member of the HOX gene family, has been implicated in tumor progression. However, the role of HOXA1 in prostate cancer is not well-established. In the present study, we found that HOXA1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells. We then repressed the expression of HOXA1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to investigate the function of HOXA1 in prostate cancer cells. Our in vitro data showed that knockdown of HOXA1 attenuated the growth, invasion and migration of prostate cancer DU-145 and PC-3 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of HOXA1 resulted in an increased E-cadherin level and decreased Snail and MMP-3 levels in the DU-145 cells. In addition, knockdown of HOXA1 inhibited activation of ERK1/2 and AKT in the DU-145 cells. Our in vivo data revealed that knockdown of HOXA1 suppressed the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that HOXA1 is involved in the regulation of prostate cancer progression, including cell growth, migration, invasion and metastasis. Thus, downregulation of HOXA1 may be a novel approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of E.N.T., Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhong Liu
- Department of Radiology Imaging, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Huamao Ye
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The 85th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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14
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Zhan J, Wang P, Niu M, Wang Y, Zhu X, Guo Y, Zhang H. High expression of transcriptional factor HoxB9 predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2015; 66:955-65. [PMID: 25324169 DOI: 10.1111/his.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS HoxB9, as a Hox family member, is known to play important roles in embryonic development. Recent studies showed that HoxB9 is engaged in cancer progression. However, the role of Hoxb9 in lung adenocarcinoma is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression and prognostic value of HoxB9 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS The localization and expression of HoxB9 in lung adenocarcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between HoxB9 expression levels with patient survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and migratory ability were evaluated in HoxB9 up- and down-regulated H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. HoxB9 was found to be localized predominantly in the cell nuclei and expressed in 21.3% of lung adenocarcinomas. A significant increase in HoxB9 intensity in the high stage of lung adenocarcinoma was observed (P < 0.01). Increased expression of HoxB9 was related to T classification, more lymph node metastasis and a shorter patient overall survival (P < 0.05). However, the expression level of HoxB9 was not correlated with age and gender. Functionally, HoxB9 up-regulated EMT-related molecules and promoted cell migration in H1299 cells. CONCLUSION High expression of HoxB9 is a prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Beijing, China
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15
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Li Y, Yang XH, Fang SJ, Qin CF, Sun RL, Liu ZY, Jiang BY, Wu X, Li G. HOXA7 stimulates human hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through cyclin E1/CDK2. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:990-6. [PMID: 25501982 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HOX genes are transcription factors that control morphogenesis, organogenesis and differentiation. Increasing evidence suggests that HOX genes play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression; however few studies have defined the functional roles and mechanisms of action. In the present study, we used siRNA and forced-expression in multiple cell lines to define the role of HOXA7 in the regulation of proliferation of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of endogenous HOXA7 decreased the proliferation of HepG2 and QGY-7703 cells. These changes were not associated with significant changes in cyclin D1 and CDK4. However, downregulation of HOXA7 significantly reduced cyclin E1 and CDK2 protein levels. Conversely, overexpression of HOXA7 in QSG-7701 cells stimulated proliferation and increased cyclin E1 and CDK2 protein levels. Our results confirmed that HOXA7 promoted cell proliferation, and these changes were mediated by cyclin E1/CDK2. These observations contribute to our understanding of the important roles of HOXA7 in HCC development and progression and HOXA7 could be a promising molecular target for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Li
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hui Yang
- Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shu Juang Fang
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chang Fei Qin
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li Sun
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang Liu
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yuan Jiang
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guancheng Li
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory of the Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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16
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Wu FH, Luo LQ, Liu Y, Zhan QX, Luo C, Luo J, Zhang GM, Feng ZH. Cyclin D1b splice variant promotes αvβ3-mediated adhesion and invasive migration of breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Hox transcription factors: modulators of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:591374. [PMID: 25136598 PMCID: PMC4127299 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hox genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine cell and tissue identities in the embryo during development. Hox genes are also expressed in various adult tissues and cancer cells. In Drosophila, expression of cell adhesion molecules, cadherins and integrins, is regulated by Hox proteins operating in hierarchical molecular pathways and plays a crucial role in segment-specific organogenesis. A number of studies using mammalian cultured cells have revealed that cell adhesion molecules responsible for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are downstream targets of Hox proteins. However, whether Hox transcription factors regulate expression of cell adhesion molecules during vertebrate development is still not fully understood. In this review, the potential roles Hox proteins play in cell adhesion and migration during vertebrate body patterning are discussed.
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18
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Chen LN, Rubin RS, Othepa E, Cer C, Yun E, Agarwal RP, Collins BT, McGeagh K, Pahira J, Bandi G, Kowalczyk K, Kumar D, Dritschilo A, Collins SP, Bostwick DG, Lynch JH, Suy S. Correlation of HOXD3 promoter hypermethylation with clinical and pathologic features in screening prostate biopsies. Prostate 2014; 74:714-21. [PMID: 24847526 PMCID: PMC4285328 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular markers that can discriminate indolent cancers from aggressive ones may improve the management of prostate cancer and minimize unnecessary treatment.Aberrant DNA methylation is a common epigenetic event in cancers and HOXD3 promoter hypermethylation (H3PH) has been found in prostate cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between H3PH and clinicopathologic features in screening prostate biopsies. METHODS Ninety-two patients who underwent a prostate biopsy at our institution between October 2011 and May 2012 were included in this study. The core with the greatest percentage of the highest grade disease was analyzed for H3PH by methylation-specific PCR. Correlational analysis was used to analyze the relationship between H3PH and various clinical parameters. Chi-square analysis was used to compare H3PH status between benign and malignant disease. RESULTS Of the 80 biopsies with HOXD3 methylation status assessable, 66 sets were confirmed to have cancer. In the 14 biopsies with benign disease there was minimal H3PH with the mean percentage of methylation reference (PMR) of 0.7%. In contrast, the HOXD3 promoter was hypermethylated in 16.7% of all cancers and in 50% of high risk tumors with an average PMR of 4.3% (P=0.008). H3PH was significantly correlated with age (P=0.013), Gleason score (P=0.031) and the maximum involvement of the biopsy core (P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS H3PH is associated with clinicopathologic features. The data indicate that H3PH is more common in older higher risk patients. More research is needed to determine the role of this marker in optimizing management strategies in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard N Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Rachel S Rubin
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Eugide Othepa
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Caroline Cer
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Elizabeth Yun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Raghunath P Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian T Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Kevin McGeagh
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - John Pahira
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Guarav Bandi
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Keith Kowalczyk
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Deptartment of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of the District of ColumbiaWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | | | - John H Lynch
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Simeng Suy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, District of Columbia
- * Simeng Suy, PhD, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW LL Bles, Washington, DC 20007. E-mail:
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19
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Watanabe T, Hiasa Y, Tokumoto Y, Hirooka M, Abe M, Ikeda Y, Matsuura B, Chung RT, Onji M. Protein kinase R modulates c-Fos and c-Jun signaling to promote proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis C virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67750. [PMID: 23844083 PMCID: PMC3699507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is known to be upregulated by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise roles of PKR in HCC with HCV infection remain unclear. Two HCV replicating cell lines (JFH-1 and H77s), generated by transfection of Huh7.5.1 cells, were used for experiments reported here. PKR expression was modulated with siRNA and a PKR expression plasmid, and cancer-related genes were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting; cell lines were further analyzed using a proliferation assay. Modulation of genes by PKR was also assessed in 34 human HCC specimens. Parallel changes in c-Fos and c-Jun gene expression with PKR were observed. Levels of phosphorylated c-Fos and c-Jun were upregulated by an increase of PKR, and were related to levels of phosphorylated JNK1 and Erk1/2. DNA binding activities of c-Fos and c-Jun also correlated with PKR expression, and cell proliferation was dependent on PKR-modulated c-Fos and c-Jun expression. Coordinate expression of c-Jun and PKR was confirmed in human HCC specimens with HCV infection. PKR upregulated c-Fos and c-Jun activities through activation of Erk1/2 and JNK1, respectively. These modulations resulted in HCC cell proliferation with HCV infection. These findings suggest that PKR-related proliferation pathways could be an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Tokumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Morikazu Onji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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20
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Nogalski MT, Chan GCT, Stevenson EV, Collins-McMillen DK, Yurochko AD. A quantitative evaluation of cell migration by the phagokinetic track motility assay. J Vis Exp 2012:e4165. [PMID: 23242175 DOI: 10.3791/4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular motility is an important biological process for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. It is essential for movement of unicellular organisms towards a source of nutrients or away from unsuitable conditions, as well as in multicellular organisms for tissue development, immune surveillance and wound healing, just to mention a few roles(1,2,3). Deregulation of this process can lead to serious neurological, cardiovascular and immunological diseases, as well as exacerbated tumor formation and spread(4,5). Molecularly, actin polymerization and receptor recycling have been shown to play important roles in creating cellular extensions (lamellipodia), that drive the forward movement of the cell(6,7,8). However, many biological questions about cell migration remain unanswered. The central role for cellular motility in human health and disease underlines the importance of understanding the specific mechanisms involved in this process and makes accurate methods for evaluating cell motility particularly important. Microscopes are usually used to visualize the movement of cells. However, cells move rather slowly, making the quantitative measurement of cell migration a resource-consuming process requiring expensive cameras and software to create quantitative time-lapsed movies of motile cells. Therefore, the ability to perform a quantitative measurement of cell migration that is cost-effective, non-laborious, and that utilizes common laboratory equipment is a great need for many researchers. The phagokinetic track motility assay utilizes the ability of a moving cell to clear gold particles from its path to create a measurable track on a colloidal gold-coated glass coverslip(9,10). With the use of freely available software, multiple tracks can be evaluated for each treatment to accomplish statistical requirements. The assay can be utilized to assess motility of many cell types, such as cancer cells(11,12), fibroblasts(9), neutrophils(13), skeletal muscle cells(14), keratinocytes(15), trophoblasts(16), endothelial cells(17), and monocytes(10,18-22). The protocol involves the creation of slides coated with gold nanoparticles (Au°) that are generated by a reduction of chloroauric acid (Au(3+)) by sodium citrate. This method was developed by Turkevich et al. in 1951(23) and then improved in the 1970s by Frens et al.(24,25). As a result of this chemical reduction step, gold particles (10-20 nm in diameter) precipitate from the reaction mixture and can be applied to glass coverslips, which are then ready for use in cellular migration analyses(9,26,27). In general, the phagokinetic track motility assay is a quick, quantitative and easy measure of cellular motility. In addition, it can be utilized as a simple high-throughput assay, for use with cell types that are not amenable to time-lapsed imaging, as well as other uses depending on the needs of the researcher. Together, the ability to quantitatively measure cellular motility of multiple cell types without the need for expensive microscopes and software, along with the use of common laboratory equipment and chemicals, make the phagokinetic track motility assay a solid choice for scientists with an interest in understanding cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej T Nogalski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
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21
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Takeda S, Okajima S, Miyoshi H, Yoshida K, Okamoto Y, Okada T, Amamoto T, Watanabe K, Omiecinski CJ, Aramaki H. Cannabidiolic acid, a major cannabinoid in fiber-type cannabis, is an inhibitor of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration. Toxicol Lett 2012; 214:314-9. [PMID: 22963825 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotropic constituent of fiber-type cannabis plant, has been reported to possess diverse biological activities, including anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells. Although CBD is obtained from non-enzymatic decarboxylation of its parent molecule, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), few studies have investigated whether CBDA itself is biologically active. Results of the current investigation revealed that CBDA inhibits migration of the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, apparently through a mechanism involving inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, coupled with an activation of the small GTPase, RhoA. It is established that activation of the RhoA signaling pathway leads to inhibition of the mobility of various cancer cells, including MDA-MB-231 cells. The data presented in this report suggest for the first time that as an active component in the cannabis plant, CBDA offers potential therapeutic modality in the abrogation of cancer cell migration, including aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuso Takeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
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Triggering of Toll-like receptor 4 on metastatic breast cancer cells promotes αvβ3-mediated adhesion and invasive migration. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 133:853-63. [PMID: 22042369 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triggering of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on tumor cells has been found to promote tumor progression by promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival. So far, however, the effect of TLR4 signaling on tumor metastasis has not been well elucidated. Here, we report that triggering of TLR4 on metastatic breast cancer cells could reciprocally regulate the expression of αvβ3 and the expressions of TPM1 and maspin, and promote αvβ3-mediated adhesion and invasive migration of the cells. In metastatic breast cancer cells, TLR4 signaling increased the expression of integrin αvβ3 by activating NF-κB, resulting in the increased adhesion capacity of tumor cells to the ligand for αvβ3, and the increased polymerization of actin and production of MMP-9 in tumor cells in response to ECM. HoxD3 was required for the up-regulation of αv and β3 expressions by NF-κB. Moreover, TLR4 signaling increased the expression of miR-21 in breast cancer cells by activating NF-κB. Accordingly, the expressions of TPM1 and maspin were decreased at protein level, whereas the transcription activity of these genes was not influenced. Consistent with the promoting effect on αvβ3-mediated adhesion and invasive migration, TLR4 signaling promoted the arrest of metastatic breast cancer cells in circulation and following invasion. The effect of TLR4 signaling could be abrogated by inhibiting NF-κB. These findings suggest that metastatic breast cancer cells could acquire higher metastatic potential due to triggering of TLR4 and activation of NF-κB in the cells, and that both TLR4 and NF-κB could be therapeutic targets for preventing metastasis of breast cancer cells.
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23
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Yoshikawa K, Hamada JI, Tada M, Kameyama T, Nakagawa K, Suzuki Y, Ikawa M, Hassan NMM, Kitagawa Y, Moriuchi T. Mutant p53 R248Q but not R248W enhances in vitro invasiveness of human lung cancer NCI-H1299 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:401-11. [PMID: 21187651 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
More than half of all human cancers are associated with mutations of the TP53 gene. In regard to the functional interaction with the remaining wild-type (WT) p53 allele, p53 mutations are classified into two types, recessive and dominant-negative (DN) mutations. The latter mutant protein has a DN activity over the remaining WT allele. We previously showed that the DN p53 mutant was useful as a predictor of poor outcome or a risk factor for metastatic recurrence in patients with some types of cancers, regardless of the presence or absence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of WT p53, suggesting that the DN p53 had 'gain-of-function (GOF)' activity besides the transdominance function. In this study, we investigated GOF activity of two DN p53 mutants which had a point mutation at codon 248 (R248Q and R248W), one of the hot spots, by transfecting them respectively into H1299 cells which originally expressed no p53 protein. Growth activity of the transfectants with the two mutants was not different from that of parent or Mock transfectants. Meanwhile, in vitro invasions of Matrigel and type I collagen gel by R248Q-transfectants were significantly higher than those by R248W-transfectants or the control cells. However, there were no differences in cell motile activities, expressions of extracellular matrix-degradative enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and heparanase, and their inhibitors, between R248Q- and R248W-transfectants. These findings indicate that the p53 mutants have a different quality in GOF activities even if the mutations occurred at the same codon. And detailed information of the status of p53, including transdominancy and GOF activity, is expected to be useful for diagnosis and therapeutic strategy fitting the individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Yoshikawa
- Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Pathological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Chiang CH, Wang CH, Chang HC, More SV, Li WS, Hung WC. A novel sialyltransferase inhibitor AL10 suppresses invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells by inhibiting integrin-mediated signaling. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:492-9. [PMID: 20112294 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation catalyzed by sialyltransferases (STs) is frequently found in cancer cells and is associated with increased cancer metastasis. However, ST inhibitors developed till now are not applicable for clinical use because of their poor cell permeability. In this study, a novel ST inhibitor AL10 derived from the lead compound lithocholic acid identified in our previous study is synthesized and the anti-cancer effect of this compound is studied. AL10 is cell-permeable and effectively attenuates total sialylation on cell surface. This inhibitor shows no cytotoxicity but inhibits adhesion, migration, actin polymerization and invasion of alpha-2,3-ST-overexpressing A549 and CL1.5 human lung cells. Inhibition of adhesion and migration by AL10 is associated with reduced sialylation of various integrin molecules and attenuated activation of the integrin downstream signaling mediator focal adhesion kinase. More importantly, AL10 significantly suppresses experimental lung metastasis in vivo without affecting liver and kidney function of experimental animals as determined by serum biochemical assays. Taken together, AL10 is the first ST inhibitor, which exhibits potent anti-metastatic activity in vivo and may be useful for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiang Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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25
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Yeh J, Green LM, Jiang TX, Plikus M, Huang E, Chang RN, Hughes MW, Chuong CM, Tuan TL. Accelerated closure of skin wounds in mice deficient in the homeobox gene Msx2. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:639-48. [PMID: 19769717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Differences in cellular competence offer an explanation for the differences in the healing capacity of tissues of various ages and conditions. The homeobox family of genes plays key roles in governing cellular competence. Of these, we hypothesize that Msx2 is a strong candidate regulator of competence in skin wound healing because it is expressed in the skin during fetal development in the stage of scarless healing, affects postnatal digit regeneration, and is reexpressed transiently during postnatal skin wound repair. To address whether Msx2 affects cellular competence in injury repair, 3 mm full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the back of C.Cg-Msx2(tm1Rilm)/Mmcd (Msx2 null) mice and the healing pattern was compared with that of the wild type mice. The results show that Msx2 null mice exhibited faster wound closure with accelerated reepithelialization plus earlier appearance of keratin markers for differentiation and an increased level of smooth muscle actin and tenascin in the granulation tissue. In vitro, keratinocytes of Msx2 null mice exhibit increased cell migration and the fibroblasts show stronger collagen gel contraction. Thus, our results suggest that Msx2 regulates the cellular competence of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in skin injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Kodama A, Sakai H, Matsuura S, Murakami M, Murai A, Mori T, Maruo K, Kimura T, Masegi T, Yanai T. Establishment of canine hemangiosarcoma xenograft models expressing endothelial growth factors, their receptors, and angiogenesis-associated homeobox genes. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:363. [PMID: 19825192 PMCID: PMC2768746 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hemangiosarcoma (HSA) tends to have a poor prognosis; its tumorigenesis has not been elucidated, as there is a dearth of HSA clinical specimens and no experimental model for HSA. However, the incidence of spontaneous HSA is relatively high in canines; therefore, canine HSA has been useful in the study of human HSA. Recently, the production of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors in human and canine HSA has been reported. Moreover, the growth-factor environment of HSA is very similar to that of pathophysiological angiogenesis, which some homeobox genes regulate in the transcription of angiogenic molecules. In the present study, we established 6 xenograft canine HSA tumors and detected the expression of growth factors, their receptors, and angiogenic homeobox genes. METHODS Six primary canine HSAs were xenografted to nude mice subcutaneously and serially transplanted. Subsequently, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF), flt-1 and flk-1 (receptors of VEGF-A), FGFR-1, and angiogenic homeobox genes HoxA9, HoxB3, HoxB7, HoxD3, Pbx1, and Meis1 were investigated in original and xenograft tumors by histopathology, immunostaining, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using canine-specific primer sets. RESULTS Histopathologically, xenograft tumors comprised a proliferation of neoplastic cells that were varied in shape, from spindle-shaped and polygonal to ovoid; some vascular-like structures and vascular clefts of channels were observed, similar to those in the original tumors. The expression of endothelial markers (CD31 and vWF) was detected in xenograft tumors by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Moreover, the expression of VEGF-A, bFGF, flt-1, flk-1, FGFR-1, HoxA9, HoxB3, HoxB7, HoxD3, Pbx1, and Meis1 was detected in xenograft tumors. Interestingly, expressions of bFGF tended to be higher in 3 of the xenograft HSA tumors than in the other tumors. CONCLUSION We established 6 xenograft canine HSA tumors in nude mice and found that the expressions of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors in xenograft HSAs were similar to those in spontaneous HSA. Furthermore, we detected the expression of angiogenic homeobox genes; therefore, xenograft models may be useful in analyzing malignant growth in HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kodama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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Saito N, Hamada JI, Furukawa H, Tsutsumida A, Oyama A, Funayama E, Saito A, Tsuji T, Tada M, Moriuchi T, Yamamoto Y. Laminin-421 produced by lymphatic endothelial cells induces chemotaxis for human melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2009; 22:601-10. [PMID: 19508413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2009.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma has a high tendency to metastasize to lymph nodes, which is one of the clinicopathological factors to indicate poor prognosis. Recent investigations have shown the importance of lymphangiogenesis in lymph node metastasis in a variety of human tumors including melanoma. However, molecular mechanism of lymphatic metastasis is still poorly defined. We examined influence of interactions between normal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and melanoma cells on cell migration. Medium conditioned with LEC (LEC-CM) contained chemotactic and chemokinetic activities for human melanoma cell lines. The chemotactic activity was fractionated in more than 100 kDa, and inactivated by heat-treatment. The chemotactic activity of LEC-CM was abolished by immunodepletion with anti-laminin-1 antibody. And immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses revealed that LEC-CM contained laminin-421. When melanoma C8161 cells were treated with function-blocking antibodies to integrin alpha3 or alpha6, their chemotactic responses to LEC-CM were markedly reduced. Furthermore, the knock-down of tetraspanin CD151 weakened the chemotactic responses of C8161 and MeWo cells to LEC-CM. These data suggest that laminin-421 secreted by LEC possibly facilitates lymphatic metastasis through the induction of chemotaxis of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Saito
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Chu YQ, Ye ZY, Tao HQ, Wang YY, Zhao ZS. Relationship between cell adhesion molecules expression and the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1990-6. [PMID: 18395897 PMCID: PMC2701518 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma.
METHODS: Expression of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and integrin β3 were evaluated by immunohistochemical study in a total of 118 gastric carcinomas and 20 non-tumor gastric mucosas.
RESULTS: The expressions of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin were significantly lower in gastric carcinoma compared to non-tumor gastric mucosa, and the low expression rates were positively correlated to the tumor invasion depth, vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P < 0.01 in all cases). However, the expression of integrin β3 was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma compared to non-tumor gastric mucosa, and the high expression rates were positively correlated to the tumor invasion depth, vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P < 0.01 in all cases). In addition, the three protein expressions were correlated to the tumor growth pattern (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05 respectively), but not correlated to tumor differentiation (P > 0.05, P > 0.05 and P > 0.05 respectively). Positive correlation was observed between the expressions of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin, but they which were negatively correlated to the expression of integrin β3 (P < 0.01 in all cases). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the mean survival time and 5-year survival rate were lower in the cases with low expressions of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin and high expression of integrin β3 (P < 0.01, in all cases). COX multivariate analysis showed that the expression level of syndecan-1 could be an independent prognostic index of gastric carcinoma (P < 0.01), whereas E-cadherin and integrin β3 could not be independent indexes (P > 0.05, P > 0.05 respectively).
CONCLUSION: The low expression of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin and the high expression of integrin β3 are significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, and they are highly correlated with each other. Therefore they may serve as important prognostic markers of gastric carcinoma.
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Yu M, Wan Y, Zou Q. Prognostic significance of BP1 mRNA expression level in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:824-30. [PMID: 18420035 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of BP1 mRNA level with tumor characteristics and clinical prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Tumor specimens from 98 NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection were quantitatively determined for BP1 mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS BP1 mRNA was expressed at significantly higher levels in tumors than in adjacent nontumorous tissues and normal lung samples. The level of BP1 transcript was significantly associated with tumor histological type and cell differentiation grade, but not related with other clinicopathological factors and p53 mutations. Patients with high BP1 mRNA expression had a poorer prognosis in terms of both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Additionally, BP1 mRNA expression level was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. CONCLUSIONS BP1 may be part of a pathway contributing to NSCLC development and/or progression. BP1 mRNA level could be a novel prognostic marker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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30
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Takahashi M, Furihata M, Akimitsu N, Watanabe M, Kaul S, Yumoto N, Okada T. A highly bone marrow metastatic murine breast cancer model established through in vivo selection exhibits enhanced anchorage-independent growth and cell migration mediated by ICAM-1. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:517-29. [PMID: 18340424 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms underlying bone marrow metastasis precisely, we established the highly metastatic 4T1E/M3 murine breast cancer cell line. 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were transfected with the neomycin resistance gene, selected in G418, intravenously injected into mice, and harvested from bone marrow. By repeating this protocol three times, we established the 4T1E/M3 cells. The clonality of 4T1E/M3 cells was markedly high confirmed by genomic southern analysis using neo-gene probe. When tissues harvested from mice after intravenous injection of 4T1E/M3 cells were examined histologically, markedly enhanced bone marrow metastasis was observed; 77% of spines from 4T1E/M3-injected mouse showed metastasis as compared to 14% metastasis seen with the parent cells. In vitro, 4T1E/M3 cells attached more strongly to the plastic plate and to bone marrow-derived endothelial cells. DNA micro arrays, real time RT-PCR and FACS analyses revealed that the expression of ICAM-1 and beta2 integrin was upregulated in 4T1E/M3 cells at both the mRNA and cell surface protein levels. 4T1E/M3 cells also showed greater anchorage-independent proliferation in soft agar, and migrated markedly faster than the parent cells in wound healing assays. Anti-ICAM-1 antibodies strongly inhibited both the colony formation and the migration activity of 4T1E/M3 suggesting the importance of the role of ICAM-1. Our newly established highly metastatic 4T1E/M3 cells may provide a potentially powerful tool to study the molecular mechanisms of bone marrow metastasis and to identify new molecular targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Takahashi
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Gross I, Duluc I, Benameur T, Calon A, Martin E, Brabletz T, Kedinger M, Domon-Dell C, Freund JN. The intestine-specific homeobox gene Cdx2 decreases mobility and antagonizes dissemination of colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:107-15. [PMID: 17599044 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gravity of colorectal cancer is mainly due to the capacity of tumor cells to migrate out of the tumor mass to invade the stroma and disseminate as metastases. The acquisition of a migratory phenotype also occurs during wound healing. Here, we show that several features characterizing invasive colon tumor cells are shared by migrating cells during wound repair in vitro. In particular, the expression of the intestine-specific transcription factor Cdx2, a key gene for intestinal identity downregulated in invasive cancer cells, is reduced during wound healing in vitro. Transcription factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition such as Snail and Slug are upregulated during wound healing and are able to repress Cdx2 transcription. In vitro, forced expression of Cdx2 in human colon cancer cell lines retarded wound repair and reduced migration, whereas inhibition of Cdx2 expression by RNA interference enhanced migration. In vivo, forced expression of Cdx2 opposed tumor cells spreading in nude mice xenografted at three different sites. These data provide evidence that Cdx2 antagonizes the process of tumor cell dissemination, and they suggest that this homeobox gene might represent a new therapeutic target against metastatic spreading of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gross
- INSERM, U682, Strasbourg, France
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