Better pain control with 8-gray single fraction palliative radiotherapy for skeletal metastases: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

A Single-Center Experience of the Same-Day Palliative Radiotherapy for Patients Referred to the Radiotherapy Department

Background: Rapid initiation of radiotherapy plays an increasingly important role in palliation of advanced cancer. Objective: We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the current status of same-day palliative radiotherapy in patients referred to the Radiotherapy Department of a medium-sized institution in Japan. Materials and Methods: The incidence by year, sex, age, primary cancer site, indication for radiotherapy, radiotherapy regimens, response rates to radiotherapy, and treatment waiting times were studied in 96 patients who received same-day palliative radiotherapy between 2016 and 2023. Results: The annual incidence of same-day palliative radiotherapy was 5.9%. The study included 61 males (aged 42-96) and 35 females (aged 42-97). The most common tumor was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, followed by lung cancer. The main indications were malignant spinal cord compression and symptomatic brain metastases. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of malignant spinal cord compressions. Of the 96 patients, 84 received same-day palliative radiotherapy for oncological emergencies. Various radiotherapy regimens have been used, ranging from conventional 40 Gy in 20 fractions to hypofractionated 8 Gy in a single fraction. The response rates were 69.0% for spinal cord compression, 91.7% for symptomatic brain metastases, 100% for hollow organ compression and/or obstruction, and 100% for uncontrolled tumor bleeding. The mean time from the end of the consultation to the end of treatment was 262 ± 90 minutes. Conclusion: Same-day palliative radiotherapy is indispensable, especially in oncologic emergencies. Therefore, criteria for its appropriateness should be established.

Comparison of pain-relieving effects by number of irradiations, through propensity score matching and the international consensus endpoint

Background

Palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases utilizes various dose fractionation schedules. The pain-relieving effects of a single fraction (SF) and multiple fractions (MF) are largely debated due to the difficulty in matching patients' backgrounds and in assessing the effectiveness of pain relief. This study aimed to compare the pain-relieving effects of SF and MF palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases using propensity score matching and the international consensus endpoint (ICE).

Materials and methods

Our study included 195 patients irradiated for bone metastasis. The primary endpoint was the pain-relieving effects used by ICE. In addition, the evaluation was performed by using responder (complete response/partial response) and non-responder (pain progression/indeterminate response) categorization. The secondary endpoints were the discharge or transfer rate at one month after irradiation and postirradiation pathological fracture rate. Propensity score matching was used to adjust patient's characteristics and reduce selection bias.

Results

After adapting propensity score matching, the total number of patients was 74. There was no significant difference in the pain-relieving effects between SF and MF (p = 0.184). There were no significant differences in them between SF and MF when using responder and non-responder categorization (p = 0.163). Furthermore, there were no differences in the discharge or transfer rates (p = 0.693) and pathological fracture rates (p = 1.00).

Conclusions

The combination of propensity score matching and ICE revealed no significant difference in the pain-relieving effects between SF and MF for bone metastases, thus, SF has no significant disadvantage compared to MF in pain-relieving effects.

Direct comparison of two kinds of linoleic acid-docetaxel derivatives: in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity

Rational designed lipid-drug derivatives provide a favorable approach to improve the druggability of highly hydrophobic prototypes. It has been regarded as common sense that good cytotoxicity is the guarantee of superior anticancer efficacy for candidate derivatives screening. However, does it apply to lipid-drug conjugate-based self-assembled nanoparticles? Here, we established the above two derivatives and a non-correlation between the cytotoxic activity in vitro and drug efficacy in vivo was found. The IC₅₀ of DSL NPs (DTX-S-LA nanoparticles) and DL NPs (DTX-LA nanoparticles) were 4.02 and 209.6 ng/mL (DTX equivalent concentration), respectively. However, DL NPs unexpectedly showed stronger tumor inhibition abilities than DSL NPs. To explain the non-positive correlation between cytotoxicity and anticancer efficacy, more experiments were carried out in depth. Remarkably, the drug release studies in blood and PK study both suggested that the DL NPs were more stable to remain the structural integrity in circulation, which resulted in more accumulation in tumor sites. As verified by the bio-distribution study, DL NPs performed a superior target effect than DSL NPs in tumors. Our data indicated that the biological fates of so-called smart bond inserted derivatives in vivo are complicated; thus, simple cytotoxicity is not enough for derivatives screening, and the comprehensive understanding of both in vitro and in vivo behaviors is essential.

Surgical outcomes and risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with cervical spine metastasis: a prospective study

Background

Few studies have addressed the impact of palliative surgery for cervical spine metastasis on patients’ performance status (PS) and quality of life (QOL). We investigated the surgical outcomes of patients with cervical spine metastasis and the risk factors for a poor outcome with a focus on the PS and QOL.

Methods

We prospectively analyzed patients with cervical spine metastasis who underwent palliative surgery from 2013 to 2018. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS (ECOGPS) and EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ5D) score were assessed at study enrollment and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Neurological function was evaluated with Frankel grading. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for a poor surgical outcome, defined as no improvement or deterioration after improvement of the ECOGPS or EQ5D score within 3 months.

Results

Forty-six patients (mean age, 67.5 ± 11.7 years) were enrolled. Twelve postoperative complications occurred in 11 (23.9%) patients. The median ECOGPS improved from PS3 at study enrolment to PS2 at 1 month and PS1 at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The mean EQ5D score improved from 0.085 ± 0.487 at study enrolment to 0.658 ± 0.356 at 1 month and 0.753 ± 0.312 at 3 months. A poor outcome was observed in 18 (39.1%) patients. The univariate analysis showed that variables with a P value of < 0.10 were sex (male), the revised Tokuhashi score, the new Katagiri score, the level of the main lesion, and the Frankel grade at baseline. The multivariate analysis identified the level of the main lesion (cervicothoracic junction) as the significant risk factor (odds ratio, 5.00; P = 0.025).

Conclusions

Palliative surgery for cervical spine metastasis improved the PS and QOL, but a cervicothoracic junction lesion could be a risk factor for a poor outcome.