1
|
Zawadzińska K, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Kula K, Woliński P, Mirosław B, Krawczyk T, Jasiński R. The Participation of 3,3,3-Trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene in the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction with Selected Nitrile N-Oxides in the Light of the Experimental and MEDT Quantum Chemical Study. Molecules 2021; 26:6774. [PMID: 34833866 PMCID: PMC8622200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective zw-type [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of a series of aryl-substituted nitrile N-oxides (NOs) with trichloronitropropene (TNP) have been both experimentally and theoretically studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). Zwitterionic NOs behave as moderate nucleophiles while TNP acts as a very strong electrophile in these polar 32CA reactions of forward electron density flux, which present moderate activation Gibbs free energies of 22.8-25.6 kcal·mol-1 and an exergonic character of 28.4 kcal·mol-1 that makes them irreversible and kinetically controlled. The most favorable reaction is that involving the most nucleophilic MeO-substituted NO. Despite Parr functions correctly predicting the experimental regioselectivity with the most favorable O-CCCl3 interaction, these reactions follow a two-stage one-step mechanism in which formation of the O-C(CCl3) bond takes place once the C-C(NO2) bond is already formed. The present MEDT concludes that the reactivity differences in the series of NOs come from their different nucleophilic activation and polar character of the reactions, rather than any mechanistic feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Zawadzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Przemysław Woliński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Barbara Mirosław
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.K.); (P.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kula K, Kącka-Zych A, Łapczuk-Krygier A, Wzorek Z, Nowak AK, Jasiński R. Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Study on the Thermal Decomposition of 3,3-diphenyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-5-nitropyrazoline. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051364. [PMID: 33806344 PMCID: PMC7961919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper is a continuation of comprehensive study regarding to synthesis and properties of pyrazoles and their derivatives. In its framework an experimental and theoretical studies of thermal decomposition of the 3,3-diphenyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-5-nitropyrazoline were performed. It was found, that the decompositions of the mentioned pyrazoline system in the solution and at the melted state proceed via completely different molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms have been explained in the framework of the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) with the computational level of B3LYP/6-31G(d). A Bonding Evolution Theory (BET) examination of dehydrochlorination of the 3,3-diphenyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-5-nitropyrazoline permits elucidation of the molecular mechanism. It was found, that on the contrary for most known HCl extrusion processes in solution, this reaction is realised via single-step mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.-Z.); (A.Ł.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kącka-Zych
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.-Z.); (A.Ł.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Łapczuk-Krygier
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.-Z.); (A.Ł.-K.)
| | - Zbigniew Wzorek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (Z.W.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Anna K. Nowak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (Z.W.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.-Z.); (A.Ł.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jasiński R. Selenyl analog of the (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone as the TAC in [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitroethene: A DFT computational study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1760865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kącka-Zych A, Jasiński R. A DFT study on the molecular mechanism of the conjugated nitroalkenes polymerization process initiated by selected unsaturated nucleophiles. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe participation of the nitroethene and its α-substituted analogs as model nitrofunctionalized monomers, and (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone and methyl vinyl ether as initiators in the polymerization reactions, has been analyzed in the framework of the density functional theory calculations at the M06-2X(PCM)/6-311 + G(d) level. Our computational study suggests the zwitterionic mechanism of the polymerization process. The exploration of the nature of critical structures shows that the first reaction stage exhibits evidently polar nature, whereas additions of further nitroalkene molecules to the polynitroalkyl molecular system formed should be considered as moderate polar processes. The more detailed view on the molecular transformations gives analysis based on the bonding evolution theory. This study shows that the case of polymerization reaction between nitroethene and (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone allows for distinguishing eleven topologically different phases, while, in the case of polymerization reaction nitroethene and methyl vinyl ether, we can distinguish nine different phases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kula K, Dobosz J, Jasiński R, Kącka-Zych A, Łapczuk-Krygier A, Mirosław B, Demchuk OM. [3+2] Cycloaddition of diaryldiazomethanes with (E)-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene: An experimental, theoretical and structural study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
6
|
Dresler E, Kącka-Zych A, Kwiatkowska M, Jasiński R. Regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between 2-methyl-1-nitroprop-1-ene and (Z)-C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones: a DFT computational study. J Mol Model 2018; 24:329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
7
|
Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P. A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Reactivity and Selectivities in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of C,N-Dialkyl Nitrones with Ethylene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2182-2197. [PMID: 29350934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The zw-type [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of C,N-dialkyl nitrones with a series of ethylenes of increased electrophilic character have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) computational level. Both, reactivity and selectivities are rationalized depending on the polar character of the reaction. Due to the strong nucleophilic character of C,N-dialkyl nitrones, the corresponding zw-type 32CA reactions are accelerated with the increased electrophilic character of the ethylene, which also plays a crucial role in the reaction mechanism, thus determining the regio- and stereoselectivities experimentally observed. While, in the 32CA reactions with nucleophilic ethylenes, the reaction begins with the formation of the C-C single bond, determining the ortho regioselectivity, in the 32CA reactions with strong electrophilic ethylenes, the reaction begins with the formation of the C-O single bond involving the β-conjugated carbon of the ethylene, determining the meta regioselectivity. The present MEDT study also provides an explanation for the unexpected ortho regioselectivity experimentally found in the 32CA reactions involving weak electrophilic ethylenes such as ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Av. República 498, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jasiński R. Competition between one-step and two-step mechanism in polar [3 + 2] cycloadditions of (Z)-C-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-nitrone with (Z)-2-EWG-1-bromo-1-nitroethenes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Jasiński R, Mróz K, Kącka A. Experimental and Theoretical DFT Study on Synthesis of Sterically Crowded 2,3,3,(4)5-Tetrasubstituted-4-nitroisoxazolidines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Between Ketonitrones and Conjugated Nitroalkenes. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| | - Kamila Mróz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kącka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Conjugated nitroalkenes in cycloaddition reactions 18*. Regio- and stereoselectivity of (2+3) cycloaddition reactions between gem-chloronitroethene and (Z)-C,N-diarylnitrones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|