Formation of five- and six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles on the basis of hydrazones derived from α-dicarbonyl compounds (microreview)

Hydrazones, hydrazones-based coinage metal complexes, and their biological applications

Hydrazone-based compounds distinguished by their azomethine -NHN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH group and their respective coinage metal complexes have emerged as leading candidates in the search for effective anticancer and antibiotic agents. Because of their varied pharmacological potential and simplicity of synthesis, these compounds have been the subject of substantial research. Hydrazones exhibit versatile coordination chemistry, allowing for the formation of stable complexes with metals such as copper, silver, and gold. Hydrazone derivatives and their metal complexes demonstrate significant biological activities, displaying potent anticancer properties inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and disrupting angiogenesis. Furthermore, they exhibit vigorous antibiotic activity by compromising microbial cell membranes and inhibiting essential enzymes. This review article highlights the versatility and effectiveness of hydrazone-based compounds and their coinage metal complexes reported for the last five years, underscoring their potential as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing these compounds for more excellent selectivity, potency, and biocompatibility, which is expected to advance their practical biological applications.

Acylhydrazones and Their Biological Activity: A Review

Due to the structure of acylhydrazones both by the pharmacophore -CO-NH-N= group and by the different substituents present in the molecules of compounds of this class, various pharmacological activities were reported, including antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiedematous, antiglaucomatous, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and actions on the central nervous system and on the cardiovascular system. This fragment is found in the structure of several drugs used in the therapy of some diseases that are at the top of public health problems, like microbial infections and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the acylhydrazone moiety is present in the structure of some compounds with possible applications in the treatment of other different pathologies, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Considering these aspects, we consider that a study of the literature data regarding the structural and biological properties of these compounds is useful.