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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Low-Molecular Weight Compounds that Extend the Chronological Lifespan of Yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400138. [PMID: 38616173 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Yeast is an excellent model organism for research for regulating aging and lifespan, and the studies have made many contributions to date, including identifying various factors and signaling pathways related to aging and lifespan. More than 20 years have passed since molecular biological perspectives are adopted in this research field, and intracellular factors and signal pathways that control aging and lifespan have evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Furthermore, these findings have been applied to control the aging and lifespan of various model organisms by adjustment of the nutritional environment, genetic manipulation, and drug treatment using low-molecular weight compounds. Among these, drug treatment is easier than the other methods, and research into drugs that regulate aging and lifespan is consequently expected to become more active. Chronological lifespan, a definition of yeast lifespan, refers to the survival period of a cell population under nondividing conditions. Herein, low-molecular weight compounds are summarized that extend the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, along with their intracellular functions. The low-molecular weight compounds are also discussed that extend the lifespan of other model organisms. Compounds that have so far only been studied in yeast may soon extend lifespan in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Matsumoto T, Mochida T, Shimasaki T, Shibuya M, Yamamoto Y, Aiba H. Tschimganine has different targets for chronological lifespan extension and growth inhibition in fission yeast. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:775-779. [PMID: 35416247 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Tschimganine inhibits growth and extends the chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We synthesized a Tschimganine analog, Mochimganine, which extends the lifespan similar to Tschimganine but exhibits a significantly weaker growth inhibition effect. Based on the comparative analysis of these compounds, we propose that Tschimganine has at least 2 targets: one extends the lifespan and the other inhibits growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mochida
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Molecular Design, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Design, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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The Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Ferula akitschkensis Volatile Oil on Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5092742. [PMID: 35392643 PMCID: PMC8983199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferula akitschkensis volatile oil (FAVO) has a good inhibitory activity on gastric cancer cell proliferation, but the mechanism of action is not yet clear. In this study, we tested the antigastric cancer efficacy and mechanism of FAVO using both in vivo and in vitro models. The results showed that FAVO effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, the formation of small tubules of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as zebrafish intersegmental vessel and intestinal vein angiogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that FAVO significantly delayed the growth of SGC-7901 tumor-bearing nude mice and induced higher serum IL-2 and IFN-γ and reduced serum IL-6. Western blot results showed that FAVO reduced the expression of HIF-2α, VEGF, VEGFR2, P-VEGFR2, Akt, and P-Akt in SGC-7901 cells with CoCl2 induced hypoxia. We further clarified the main chemical components of FAVO through GC-MS analysis. In summary, FAVO may inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis via inhibiting the HIF-2α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Kiyama R. Nutritional implications of ginger: chemistry, biological activities and signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108486. [PMID: 32827666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a food, spice, supplement and flavoring agent and in traditional medicines due to its beneficial characteristics such as pungency, aroma, nutrients and pharmacological activity. Ginger and ginger extracts were reported to have numerous effects, such as those on diabetes and metabolic syndrome, cholesterol levels and lipid metabolism, and inflammation, revealed by epidemiological studies. To understand the beneficial characteristics of ginger, especially its physiological and pharmacological activities at the molecular level, the biological effects of ginger constituents, such as monoterpenes (cineole, citral, limonene and α/β-pinenes), sesquiterpenes (β-elemene, farnesene and zerumbone), phenolics (gingerols, [6]-shogaol, [6]-paradol and zingerone) and diarylheptanoids (curcumin), and the associated signaling pathways are summarized. Ginger constituents are involved in biological activities, such as apoptosis, cell cycle/DNA damage, chromatin/epigenetic regulation, cytoskeletal regulation and adhesion, immunology and inflammation, and neuroscience, and exert their effects through specific signaling pathways associated with cell functions/mechanisms such as autophagy, cellular metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase and other signaling, and development/differentiation. Estrogens, such as phytoestrogens, are one of the most important bioactive materials in nature, and the molecular mechanisms of estrogen actions and the assays to detect them have been discussed. The molecular mechanisms of estrogen actions induced by ginger constituents and related applications, such as the chemoprevention of cancers, and the improvement of menopausal syndromes, osteoporosis, endometriosis, prostatic hyperplasia, polycystic ovary syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, were summarized by a comprehensive search of references to understand more about their health benefits and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo Univ., 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan.
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Alilou M, Dibwe DF, Schwaiger S, Khodami M, Troppmair J, Awale S, Stuppner H. Antiausterity Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Roots of Ferula hezarlalehzarica against the PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1099-1106. [PMID: 32163286 PMCID: PMC7307951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, with a high mortality rate. Due to the high tolerance of such cancer cells to nutrient starvation conditions, they can survive in a hypovascular tumor microenvironment. In this study, the dichloromethane extract of the roots of Ferula hezarlalehzarica showed potent preferential cytotoxic activity with a PC50 value of 0.78 μg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of 18 compounds, including one new sesquiterpenoid (6) and one new monoterpenoid (18). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells by employing an antiausterity strategy. Among them, ferutinin (2) was identified as the most active compound, with a PC50 value of 0.72 μM. In addition, the real-time effect of ferutinin (2) and compound 6 against PANC-1 cells, exposed to a nutrient-deprived medium (NDM), showed cell shrinkage, leading to cancer cell death within a short period of exposure. Compounds 2 and 6 also inhibited colony formation of PANC-1 cells. The present study indicates that the dichloromethane extract of the roots of F. hezarlalehzarica is a rich source of bioactive compounds for targeting PANC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Alilou
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Daniel-Swarovski
Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic
Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Division
of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Mojtaba Khodami
- Herbal
and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel-Swarovski
Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic
Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division
of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Zhou Y, Wang C, Xin F, Han X, Zhang J, Sun K. Synthesis, Insecticidal, Fungicidal Activities and Structure⁻Activity Relationships of Tschimganin Analogs. Molecules 2018; 23:E1473. [PMID: 29912155 PMCID: PMC6099738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a novel series of tschimganin analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal and fungicidal activities. Their structures were characterized by ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. Some of these compounds displayed excellent insecticidal and fungicidal activities, suggesting that they have potential to be used as bifunctional agrochemicals. Compound 3d and 3g with electron donating groups showed better inhibitory activity and growth inhibition activity towards Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The properties and positions of the substituents on the benzene ring have an important influence on the acaricidal activity of tschimganin analogs. Topomer comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to develop a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model for the compounds against Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nikolski. It was indicated that higher electronegativity was beneficial for acaricidal activity. Moreover, compound 3r having a 2-hydroxy-3,5- dinitrophenyl moiety displayed a fungicidal spectrum as broad as azoxystrobin against these phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Zhou
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, 221st Beisi Road, Shihezi 832002, China.
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, 221st Beisi Road, Shihezi 832002, China.
| | - Fang Xin
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, 221st Beisi Road, Shihezi 832002, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, 221st Beisi Road, Shihezi 832002, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 221st Beisi Road, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., No. 8-1 Shenliao Dong Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110021, China.
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Yang M, Luo J, Li K, Hu S, Ding T, Liu H, Sheng P, Yang M. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of guaiol in rat plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1085:30-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhou Y, Xin F, Zhang G, Qu H, Yang D, Han X. Recent Advances on Bioactive Constituents in Ferula. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:321-331. [PMID: 28786182 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research The genus Ferula (Umbelliferea) is widely distributed across Central Asia and the Mediterranean. Some plants of the genus Ferula have been used as sources of pharmaceuticals for centuries. Ferula is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including coumarin derivatives, sesquiterpene-substituted compounds, daucane esters, humulane, and germacrane compounds, aromatic lactones and disulfide compounds. Therefore, utilizing these bioactive constituents with antimicrobial and insecticidal effects not only can provide a new strategy for developing drug and green pesticide, but also protect endangered plant resources. In the present review, research advances on the bioactive constituents of the genus Ferula the plant sources. Drug Dev Res 78 : 321-331, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Zhou
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Fang Xin
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Hexiang Qu
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Desong Yang
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
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Wang ZQ, Huang C, Huang J, Han HY, Li GY, Wang JH, Sun TM. The stereochemistry of two monoterpenoid diastereomers from Ferula dissecta. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The absolute stereochemistry of tschimganin and iso-tschimganin was determined by chemical-related methods and ab initio calculations of ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832002, PR China
| | - Guo-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832002, PR China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Tie-Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016, PR China
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Khan MMG, Simizu S, Lai NS, Kawatani M, Shimizu T, Osada H. Discovery of a small molecule PDI inhibitor that inhibits reduction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:245-51. [PMID: 21121641 DOI: 10.1021/cb100387r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a promiscuous protein with multifunctional properties. PDI mediates proper protein folding by oxidation or isomerization and disrupts disulfide bonds by reduction. The entry of HIV-1 into cells is facilitated by the PDI-catalyzed reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds in gp120. PDI is regarded as a potential drug target because of its reduction activity. We screened a chemical library of natural products for PDI-specific inhibitors in a high-throughput fashion and identified the natural compound juniferdin as the most potent inhibitor of PDI. Derivatives of juniferdin were synthesized, with compound 13 showing inhibitory activities comparable to those of juniferdin but reduced cytotoxicity. Both juniferdin and compound 13 inhibited PDI reductase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) values of 156 and 167 nM, respectively. Our results also indicated that juniferdin and compound 13 exert their inhibitory activities specifically on PDI but do not significantly inhibit homologues of this protein family. Moreover, we found that both compounds can inhibit PDI-mediated reduction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maola M. G. Khan
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ngit Shin Lai
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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Trusheva B, Todorov I, Ninova M, Najdenski H, Daneshmand A, Bankova V. Antibacterial mono- and sesquiterpene esters of benzoic acids from Iranian propolis. Chem Cent J 2010; 4:8. [PMID: 20350297 PMCID: PMC2851693 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-4-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propolis (bee glue) has been used as a remedy since ancient times. Propolis from unexplored regions attracts the attention of scientists in the search for new bioactive molecules. Results From Iranian propolis from the Isfahan province, five individual components were isolated: the prenylated coumarin suberosin 1, and four terpene esters: tschimgin (bornyl p-hydroxybenzoate) 2, tschimganin (bornyl vanillate) 3, ferutinin (ferutinol p-hydroxybenzoate) 4, and tefernin (ferutinol vanillate) 5. All of them were found for the first time in propolis. Compounds 2 - 5 demonstrated activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions The results of the present study are consistent with the idea that propolis from unexplored regions is a promising source of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boryana Trusheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with the Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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