Fatty Acid Composition of the Leaves of Some Salvia Taxa from Turkey

CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE FLOWERING SHOOTS OF SOME Vitex L. SPECIES

Introduction. The genus Vitex L. counts more than 200 species of shrubs and trees common to subtropical areas of the Earth. Only fruits of Vitex agnus-castus L. are used in official medicine. The aim of our study was to perform the chromatographic analysis of carboxylic acids in the flowering shoots of three Vitex representatives under their cultivation in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied for the analysis of composition and contents of carboxylic acids in the Vitex agnus-castus L., Vitex negundo L. and Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. flowering shoots. Results and Discussion. The Vitex agnus-castus raw material contained the most significant amount of short-chained aliphatic acids (2454 mg/kg). Malonic, oxalic, citric, and malic acids noticeably prevailed in all the raw materials. The largest amount of aromatic acids was found in the Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (3926 mg/kg) flowering shoots. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid dominated among the aromatic acids in the plant raw materials of all species. The most noticeable total content of unsaturated fatty acids was in the Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (4793 mg/kg). Conclusions. To summarize the contents of valuable carboxylic acids, the obtained results provide the evidence for the development and further pharmacological study of herbal preparations from the flowering shoots of three Vitex species.

Biochemical parameters and antioxidant property of three Salvia L. taxa endemic in Turkey

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the fatty acids, lipid soluble vitamins, sterols, phenolics, and antioxidant capacities of three endemic Salvia L. taxa (S. euphratica var. Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham leiocalycina (Rech. Fil.) Hedge, S. euphratica var. Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham euphratica (Rech. Fil.) Hedge and S. pseudoeuphratica Rech.Fil.) and to evaluate these results systematically. The fatty acid compositions were determined by using gas chromatography, while the lipid soluble vitamins, sterols, and phenolics were determined by using HPLC. Also, the antioxidant capacities of three Salvia taxa were measured in vitro. Palmitic acid was found as major saturated fatty acid while oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and erucic acid were found as major unsaturated fatty acids in the present study. It was found that S. euphratica var. euphratica had lower palmitic acid (8.94 ± 0.71%), total saturated fatty acid (19.16 ± 0.15%), and higher unsaturated fatty acid content (82.08 ± 0.52%) than other studied taxa. Furthermore, it was shown that S. euphratica var. euphratica had different 18.3/18:2 (0.36) unsaturated/saturated fatty acid (4.28) ratios. However, this study demonstrated that Salvia taxa had low lipid soluble vitamins, sterol contents. On the other hand, it was shown that Salvia taxa had similar catechin (509.2 ± 4.21 µg/g and 552.2 ± 9.21 µg/g) and vanillic acid amounts (351.2 ± 2.17 µg/g and 396.8 ± 4.1 µg/g) in this study. And also, it was found that Salvia taxa had high rosmarinic acid content while S. euphratica var. leiocalycina had the highest rosmarinic acid content (1480 ± 7.57 µg/g). On the other hand, it was shown that the two ferulic acid contents of S. euphratica varieties were higher (1175 ±/5.21 µgmg-1740.2 ± 4.82 µg/mg) than the ferulic acid content of S. pseudoeuphratica of which was the lowest (19.2 ± 0.97 µg/mg). The present results suggested that the biochemical results guided the morphological studies, and Salvia taxa have a potent antioxidant capacity.