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Sedik AA, Salama M, Fathy K, Salama A. Cold plasma approach fortifies the topical application of thymoquinone intended for wound healing via up-regulating the levels of TGF-ß, VEGF, and α-SMA in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110634. [PMID: 37451012 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a series of coordinated events that involve tissue repair and regeneration. Cold atmospheric plasma approach sheds the light on the mechanism that initiates the inflammatory responses throughout the healing cascade. The present study was planned to assess the effect of thymoquinone treated with cold plasma (TQcp) on the rat wound model compared to thymoquinone (TQ). To assess the wound healing potential of TQcp, a full-thickness wound model was used. The induced wound was smeared, starting just after excision, twice daily with TQcp and TQ for 7 days. Our findings revealed that TQcp improved the skin healing potential by augmenting the skin regeneration indices as evidenced by enhancing the new production of hyaluronic acid and collagen type I. TQcp significantly reduced the skin content of tumor necrosis factor- α and inhibited the hypertrophic scarring by up-regulating the skin content of transforming growth factor-beta. Furthermore, TQcp enhanced the levels of interleukin-10, alpha smooth muscle actin and vascular endothelial growth factor, demonstrating a great potential for wound healing that also reflected in the histopathological and ultra-structural picture of the skin. Finally, our results demonstrated that TQcp revealed a significant potential for wound healing than TQ alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled Fathy
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Egypt
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Immune checkpoint blockade and its combination therapy with small-molecule inhibitors for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:199-224. [PMID: 30605718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Initially understood for its physiological maintenance of self-tolerance, the immune checkpoint molecule has recently been recognized as a promising anti-cancer target. There has been considerable interest in the biology and the action mechanism of the immune checkpoint therapy, and their incorporation with other therapeutic regimens. Recently the small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) has been identified as an attractive combination partner for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and is becoming a novel direction for the field of combination drug design. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion of the biology and function of major immune checkpoint molecules, and their interactions with corresponding targeting agents. With both preclinical studies and clinical trials, we especially highlight the ICI + SMI combination, with its recent advances as well as its application challenges.
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Sukumar S, Wilson DC, Yu Y, Wong J, Naravula S, Ermakov G, Riener R, Bhagwat B, Necheva AS, Grein J, Churakova T, Mangadu R, Georgiev P, Manfra D, Pinheiro EM, Sriram V, Bailey WJ, Herzyk D, McClanahan TK, Willingham A, Beebe AM, Sadekova S. Characterization of MK-4166, a Clinical Agonistic Antibody That Targets Human GITR and Inhibits the Generation and Suppressive Effects of T Regulatory Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4378-4388. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li L, Wen W, Jia R, Li Y, Liu X, Sun X, Li Z. GITRL is associated with increased autoantibody production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2195-202. [PMID: 27098050 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the serum level of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigate its clinical significance. GITRL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 88 RA patients, 20 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin G (RF-IgG) were also tested by ELISA. RF-IgM, anti-keratin antibody (AKA), and anti-perinuclear factor (APF) antibodies and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulins were measured by standard laboratory techniques. The disease activity was evaluated by the 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28). GITRL concentrations were significantly elevated in both serum and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients. GITRL levels in RA sera were significantly higher than those in matched SFs. Positive correlations were found between serum GITRL levels and inflammation parameters or autoantibody production. GITRL levels are significantly elevated in RA serum and SF and are positively correlated with autoantibody production in RA, suggesting a role of GITRL in the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Rulin Jia
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Correlation of circulating glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand levels with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:265868. [PMID: 23251213 PMCID: PMC3521490 DOI: 10.1155/2012/265868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the correlation of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor- (TNFR-) related protein ligand (GITRL) with disease activity and organ involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum GITRL levels were measured in 58 patients with SLE and 30 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Patients were assessed for clinical and laboratory variables. Correlations of serum GITRL levels with SLEDAI, laboratory values, and clinical manifestations were assessed. Serum GITRL levels were determined by ELISA. Serum GITRL levels were markedly increased in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls (mean 401.3 ng/mL and 36.59 ng/mL, resp.; P < 0.0001). SLE patients with active disease showed higher serum GITRL levels compared to those with inactive disease (mean 403.3 ng/mL and 136.3 ng/mL, resp; P = 0.0043) as well as normal controls (36.59 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). Serum GITRL levels were positively correlated with SLEDAI, titers of anti-dsDNA antibody, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and IgM and negatively correlated with complement3 (C3). Serum GITRL levels were higher in SLE patients with renal involvement and vasculitis compared with patients without the above-mentioned manifestations.
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Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein and its ligand in antitumor immunity: functional role and therapeutic modulation. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:239083. [PMID: 20936139 PMCID: PMC2948872 DOI: 10.1155/2010/239083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member GITR to modulate immune responses has been the subject of multiple studies. Initially thought to be critically involved in governing functions of regulatory T cells, GITR and its ligand GITRL have meanwhile been found to modulate the reactivity of various different cell types and to influence a broad variety of immunological conditions including the immune response against tumors. Not only GITR, but also GITRL is capable of transducing signals, and the consequences of GITR-GITRL interaction may vary among different effector cell types, differ upon signal transduction via the receptor, the ligand, or both, depend on the level of an ongoing immune response, and even differ among mice and men. In this paper, we address available data on GITR and its ligand in immune responses and discuss the role and potential therapeutic modulation of this molecule system in antitumor immunity.
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Shi HX, Ren JL, Dong WG. Advances in studies on relation between inflammatory bowel disease and immunity. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:399-405. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Its main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Its etiology is complicated. Immune system is very important. Following factors, such as intestinal environment, immune cells, human leukocyte antigens, antibodies, anti- laminaribioside antibody, anti-chitobioside antibody IgA, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, NO and NF-κB, play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is related to all these factors. This paper reviews the possible role of these immune factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Li L, Lao SH, Wu CY. Increased frequency of CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg cells inhibit BCG-specific induction of IFN-gamma by CD4(+) T cells from TB patients. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:526-34. [PMID: 17851131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity plays a considerable role in the protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The immune response to tuberculosis (TB) was dominated by both CD4(+) T cells with the T helper 1 type cytokines and CD8(+) T cells. Recent studies have suggested that the circumstances in which protective or tissue-damaging T cell responses to microbes are affected by the activity of Treg (CD4(+)CD25(high)) cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that the frequencies of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells in TB patients were significantly higher compared to normal individuals. These Treg cells expressed CTLA-4 and Foxp3 at protein level and displayed activation and memory phenotypes as assessed by flow cytometric analysis. The frequencies of CD4(+)CD25(high)CTLA-4(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells within the total CD4(+) T cell population were significantly increased in the blood of TB patients compared to healthy donors. Moreover, the expression of GITR on Treg cells was higher in TB patients than in normal donors. The phenotypic analysis demonstrated that CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg expressed higher levels of CD45RO and HLA-DR, and lower levels of CD45RA compared to CD4(+)CD25(low) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. The addition of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells back to cultures could significantly suppress the antigen-specific production of IFN-gamma induced by BCG-stimulated CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, suggesting that Treg might play a key role in the control of cellular immune responses in TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
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