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de Oliveira Santos R, da Silva Cardoso G, da Costa Lima L, de Sousa Cavalcante ML, Silva MS, Cavalcante AKM, Severo JS, de Melo Sousa FB, Pacheco G, Alves EHP, Nobre LMS, Medeiros JVR, Lima-Junior RC, Dos Santos AA, Tolentino M. L-Glutamine and Physical Exercise Prevent Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Without Improving Gastric Dysmotility in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammation 2020; 44:617-632. [PMID: 33128666 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation or exercise on gastric emptying and intestinal inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). Strength exercise consisted of jump training 4 × 10 repetitions/5 days a week/8 weeks with progressive overload. Endurance exercise consisted of swimming without overload for a period of 1 h a day/5 days a week/8 weeks. Another group (sedentary) of animals was supplemented with L-glutamine (1 g/kg of body weight) orally for 8 weeks before induction of UC. Colitis was induced by intra-colonic administration of 1 mL of 4% acetic acid. We assessed gastric emptying, macroscopic and microscopic scoring, oxidative stress markers, and IL-1β, IL-6, and (TNF-α) levels. The UC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the gastric emptying compared with the saline control group. We observed a significantly decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain in UC rats compared with the control groups. Both exercise interventions and L-glutamine supplementation significantly prevented (p < 0.05) weight loss compared with the UC group. Strength and endurance exercises significantly prevented (p < 0.05) the increase of microscopic scores and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). L-glutamine supplementation in UC rats prevented hemorrhagic damage and improved oxidative stress markers (p < 0.05). Strength and endurance exercises and glutamine decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with the UC group (p < 0.05). Strength and endurance exercises and L-glutamine supplementation prevented intestinal inflammation and improved cytokines and oxidative stress levels without altering gastric dysmotility in rats with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geovane da Silva Cardoso
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Lara da Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Sousa Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Maria Soares Nobre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Cesar Lima-Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Armênio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Moisés Tolentino
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Hu CAA. Therapeutic Potential of Amino Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090920. [PMID: 28832517 PMCID: PMC5622680 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and is difficult to treat. The pathophysiology of IBD is multifactorial and not completely understood, but genetic components, dysregulated immune responses, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators are known to be involved. Animal models of IBD can be chemically induced, and are used to study etiology and to evaluate potential treatments of IBD. Currently available IBD treatments can decrease the duration of active disease but because of their adverse effects, the search for novel therapeutic strategies that can restore intestinal homeostasis continues. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known of the effects of amino acids on the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death in the gut when IBD is present. Recent studies in animal models have identified dietary amino acids that improve IBD, but amino acid supplementation may not be adequate to replace conventional therapy. The animal models used in dietary amino acid research in IBD are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Zhou Y, Ruan Z, Zhou X, Huang X, Li H, Wang L, Zhang C, Deng Z, Wu G, Yin Y. Lactosucrose attenuates intestinal inflammation by promoting Th2 cytokine production and enhancing CD86 expression in colitic rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:643-51. [PMID: 25522686 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.991680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some oligosaccharides have immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory functions in the intestine. This study investigated the immunoregulatory effect of lactosucrose (LS) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased but myeloperoxidase activity was decreased in the LS-TNBS group, as compared with the TNBS group (colitis rats without receiving LS). LS supplementation stimulated IL-4 and IL-10 production, while up-regulating CD86 expression in dendritic cells. LS supplementation reduced the ratio of CD80/CD86 and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 compared to the TNBS group. Moreover, IFN-γ was significantly correlated with CD80 (r = 0.764, p < 0.01), whereas IL-4 was significantly correlated with CD86 (r = 0.489, p < 0.05). These results indicated that LS attenuated colitis by promoting the production of Th2-type cytokines and rebalancing the ratio of Th1/Th2 and that enhanced IL-4 production is correlated with enhanced CD86 expression in the gut. Therefore, LS is a functional food for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
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4
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Tian Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Li N, Ji G. Chemopreventive effect of dietary glutamine on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1593-600. [PMID: 23471883 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Glutamine (GLN) supplementation has shown its anti-inflammation benefit in experimental colitis. Whether GLN is effective in preventing colon carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. The chemopreventive activity of GLN was evaluated in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colitis-associated CRC in this study. Mice were treated with DSS/AOM and randomized to receive either a control diet or GLN-enriched diet intermittently of the study. The disease activity index was evaluated weekly. On day 80 of the experiment, the entire colon and rectum were processed for histopathologic examination and further evaluation. Pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time-PCR and western blot analysis. Here, we show that after GLN-enriched diet, the colitis presented a statistical improvement and tumors burden decreased significantly. This was accompanied by lower activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, lower expression of cytokines and chemokines as well as reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in the colons of colitis-associated CRC mice. Our data demonstrate the protective/preventive effect of GLN in the progression of colitis-associated CRC, which was correlated with a dampening of inflammation and NF-κB activity and with a decrease of inflammatory protein overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
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Lesueur C, Bôle-Feysot C, Bekri S, Husson A, Lavoinne A, Brasse-Lagnel C. Glutamine induces nuclear degradation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in Caco-2/TC7 cells. Biochimie 2012; 94:806-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation Modulate Skeletal Muscle Remodeling through Inflammation Modulation? Possible Mechanisms of Action. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:136937. [PMID: 22536489 PMCID: PMC3321450 DOI: 10.1155/2012/136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle protein turnover is modulated by intracellular signaling pathways involved in protein synthesis, degradation, and inflammation. The proinflammatory status of muscle cells, observed in pathological conditions such as cancer, aging, and sepsis, can directly modulate protein translation initiation and muscle proteolysis, contributing to negative protein turnover. In this context, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine, have been described as a strong nutritional stimulus able to enhance protein translation initiation and attenuate proteolysis. Furthermore, under inflammatory conditions, BCAA can be transaminated to glutamate in order to increase glutamine synthesis, which is a substrate highly consumed by inflammatory cells such as macrophages. The present paper describes the role of inflammation on muscle remodeling and the possible metabolic and cellular effects of BCAA supplementation in the modulation of inflammatory status of skeletal muscle and the consequences on protein synthesis and degradation.
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Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds modulates the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathways in rats with TNBS-induced recurrent ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1620-7. [PMID: 21642017 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds (GSPE) on recurrent ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. GSPE in doses of 100, 200, and 400mg/kg were intragastrically administered per day for 7 days after recurrent colitis was twice-induced by TNBS. The levels of GSH, as well as the activity of GSH-Px and SOD in colon tissues were measured by biochemical methods. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the nuclear translocation levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the colon tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the protein expression levels of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), inhibitor kappa B kinase (IKKα/β), phosphorylated IκBα and phosphorylated IKKα/β. GSPE treatment was associated with a remarkable increased the activity of GSH-Px and SOD with GSH levels in TNBS-induced recurrent colitis rats as compared to the model group. GSPE also significantly reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα and the translocation of NF-κB in the colon mucosa. GSPE exerted a protective effect on recurrent colitis in rats by modifying the inflammatory response and promoting damaged tissue repair to improve colonic oxidative stress. Moreover, GSPE inhibited the TNBS-induced inflammatory of recurrent colitis though blocking NF-κB signaling pathways.
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San-Miguel B, Crespo I, Kretzmann NA, Mauriz JL, Marroni N, Tuñón MJ, González-Gallego J. Glutamine prevents fibrosis development in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. J Nutr 2010; 140:1065-71. [PMID: 20410082 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of glutamine on the development of colonic fibrosis and on the expression of the major fibrogenic factors in a rat model of experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in one-half of the male Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). L-glutamine (25 mg/kg) was administered rectally to one-half of the controls and one-half of the colitic rats. The control, control+glutamine, TNBS, and TNBS+glutamine groups were studied at d 2 and 7 after colitis induction. Glutamine induced a significant decrease in the area of colon fibrosis and in the staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin positive cells within areas of extracellular matrix deposits in the submucosa. Collagen synthesis was stimulated following TNBS administration, with a significant increase in procollagen IV, collagen III, and collagen Ialpha2 mRNA levels in the colon by d 2 after TNBS instillation. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, and phosphorylated Smad3 were overexpressed in the colon of TNBS-treated rats. These effects were significantly abrogated in the colitic rats treated with glutamine. Our findings suggest that glutamine treatment not only attenuates the outcome of TNBS-induced colitis by reducing the inflammatory response but also by downregulating the increased expression of several gene pathways that contribute to the accumulation of matrix proteins. This molecule may be an interesting candidate for reducing the risk of fibrosis and stricture formation in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz San-Miguel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
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Brasse-Lagnel CG, Lavoinne AM, Husson AS. Amino acid regulation of mammalian gene expression in the intestine. Biochimie 2010; 92:729-35. [PMID: 20188788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some amino acids exert a wide range of regulatory effects on gene expression via the activation of different signalling pathways and transcription factors, and a number of cis elements were shown to respond to changes in amino acid concentration. Particular attention has been paid to the effects of glutamine and arginine, which modulate a number of cell functions through the activation of various pathways in different tissues. In the intestine, appropriate concentrations of both arginine and/or glutamine contribute to facilitate cell proliferation, to limit the inflammatory response and apoptosis, and to modulate intermediary metabolism through specific transcription factors. Particularly, besides its role as a major fuel for enterocytes, the regulatory effects of glutamine have been extensively studied and the molecular mechanisms involved appear diversified and complex. Indeed, in addition to a major role of NF-kappaB in its anti-inflammatory action and a stimulatory role of AP-1 in its growth-promoting action and cell survival, the involvement of some other transcription factors, such as PPAR-gamma or HSF-1, was shown to maintain intestinal cell integrity. The signalling pathways leading to the activation of transcription factors imply several kinases, particularly MAP kinases in the effect of glutamine and p70 S6 kinase for those of arginine, but in most cases the precise pathways from the entrance of the aminoacid into the cell to the activation of gene transcription has remained elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole G Brasse-Lagnel
- Appareil Digestif, Environnement et Nutrition (ADEN EA 4311), IFR n degrees 23, Université de Rouen, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen cedex, France
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Effects of glutamine on the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway of murine peritoneal macrophages. Amino Acids 2010; 39:435-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Alex P, Zachos NC, Nguyen T, Gonzales L, Chen TE, Conklin LS, Centola M, Li X. Distinct cytokine patterns identified from multiplex profiles of murine DSS and TNBS-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:341-52. [PMID: 18942757 PMCID: PMC2643312 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine network in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, dynamic system that plays an important role in regulating mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses. While several studies have been done to evaluate immunomodulatory profiles in murine IBD, they have been limited to a relatively small number of cytokines that do not take into account its dependency of the interplay of multiple factors, and therefore the diagnostic potential of their cytokine profiles have been inconclusive. METHODS A novel approach of comprehensive serum multiplex cytokine profiling with biometric immunosandwich ELISA's was used to describe the modulation of 16 Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines and chemokines in both acute and chronic murine models of DSS and TNBS-induced colitis. Advanced multivariate discriminant functional analyses (DFA) was used to identify statistically interrelated sets of variables with the most significant power to discriminate among the groups. Profiles of multiple cytokines seen systemically were also validated locally in colonic mucosa using Western blot analysis and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Distinctive disease-specific cytokine profiles were identified with significant correlations to disease activity and duration of disease. TNBS colitis exhibits heightened Th1-Th17 response (increased IL-12 and IL-17) as the disease becomes chronic. In contrast, DSS colitis switches from a Th1-Th17-mediated acute inflammation (increased TNF-alpha, IL6, IL-17, and KC) to a predominant Th2-mediated inflammatory response (increase in IL-4 and IL-10 and concomitant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL6, IL-17, and KC) in the chronic state. Moreover, DFA identified discriminatory cytokine profiles that can be sufficiently used to distinguish unaffected controls from diseases, and one disease type from another. IL-6 and IL-12 stratified gender-associated disease activity in chronic colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide insight into disease immunopathogenesis and illustrate the significant potential of utilizing multiplex cytokine profiles and bioinformatics as diagnostic tools in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Alex
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Nicholas C. Zachos
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Liberty Gonzales
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Tian E. Chen
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laurie S. Conklin
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Centola
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xuhang Li
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,Address correspondence to: Xuhang Li, Ph.D. Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1120 Ross, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, Tel: 443-287-4804, Fax: 410-955-9677
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Brasse-Lagnel C, Lavoinne A, Husson A. Control of mammalian gene expression by amino acids, especially glutamine. FEBS J 2009; 276:1826-44. [PMID: 19250320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular data rapidly accumulating on the regulation of gene expression by amino acids in mammalian cells highlight the large variety of mechanisms that are involved. Transcription factors, such as the basic-leucine zipper factors, activating transcription factors and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, as well as specific regulatory sequences, such as amino acid response element and nutrient-sensing response element, have been shown to mediate the inhibitory effect of some amino acids. Moreover, amino acids exert a wide range of effects via the activation of different signalling pathways and various transcription factors, and a number of cis elements distinct from amino acid response element/nutrient-sensing response element sequences were shown to respond to changes in amino acid concentration. Particular attention has been paid to the effects of glutamine, the most abundant amino acid, which at appropriate concentrations enhances a great number of cell functions via the activation of various transcription factors. The glutamine-responsive genes and the transcription factors involved correspond tightly to the specific effects of the amino acid in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, and metabolic functions. Indeed, in addition to the major role played by nuclear factor-kappaB in the anti-inflammatory action of glutamine, the stimulatory role of activating protein-1 and the inhibitory role of C/EBP homology binding protein in growth-promotion, and the role of c-myc in cell survival, many other transcription factors are also involved in the action of glutamine to regulate apoptosis and intermediary metabolism in different cell types and tissues. The signalling pathways leading to the activation of transcription factors suggest that several kinases are involved, particularly mitogen-activated protein kinases. In most cases, however, the precise pathways from the entrance of the amino acid into the cell to the activation of gene transcription remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- Appareil Digestif, Environnement et Nutrition, EA 4311, Université de Rouen, France
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Kretzmann NA, Fillmann H, Mauriz JL, Marroni CA, Marroni N, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Effects of glutamine on proinflammatory gene expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducers and activators of transcription in TNBS-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1504-13. [PMID: 18623154 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of glutamine on proinflammatory gene expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in a rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was given by rectal route daily for 7 days. RESULTS Glutamine significantly reduced gross damage and histopathological scores and prevented the decrease of anal pressure and the elevated myeloperoxidase activity observed in the colon of animals receiving TNBS. TNBS administration induced a marked increase of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels. These inflammatory events were associated with increased protein level of NF-kappaB p50 and p65 subunits in the nucleus and significant phosphorylation/degradation of the inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Protein levels of the phosphorylated forms of STAT1, STAT5, and Akt were elevated in animals with colonic damage. All these effects were inhibited by administration of glutamine. Increases in the cytosolic concentration of TBARS and hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence, markers of oxidative stress, and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) were significantly inhibited at 48 hours of TNBS instillation in glutamine-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of the expression of proinflammatory mediators that are regulated by the NF-kappaB and STAT signaling pathways contribute to the therapeutical effect of glutamine in the TNBS model of experimental colitis. These effects may be brought about by inhibition of oxidative stress and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Giriş M, Depboylu B, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Erbil Y, Olgaç V, Aliş H, Aykaç-Toker G, Uysal M. Effect of taurine on oxidative stress and apoptosis-related protein expression in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:102-10. [PMID: 18241224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of taurine, an anti-oxidant amino acid, on oxidative stress and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in colon tissue in rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Rats received taurine (1.5% w/v) in drinking water for 15 days before and 15 days after administration of TNBS solution. Then, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression were measured. TNBS-induced colitis caused significantly increased MPO activity and MDA levels and decreased GSH levels in colon tissue compared to controls. Increase in Bax expression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression were detected in colon of rats with TNBS-induced colitis. Taurine treatment was associated with amelioration in macroscopic and microscopic colitis scores, decreased colonic MPO activity and MDA levels and increased GSH levels in TNBS-induced colitis. In addition, taurine reduced the expression of Bax and prevented the loss of Bcl-2 proteins in colon tissue of rats with TNBS-induced colitis. The results of this study show that taurine administration may exert beneficial effects in UC by decreasing inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giriş
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Fillmann H, Kretzmann NA, San-Miguel B, Llesuy S, Marroni N, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Glutamine inhibits over-expression of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulates the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in an experimental model of colitis in the rat. Toxicology 2007; 236:217-26. [PMID: 17543437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of glutamine on markers of oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, and pro-inflammatory mediators in a rat model of experimental colitis induced by intracolonic administration of 7% acetic acid. Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was given by rectal route 48 and 24h before acetic acid instillation. Glutamine significantly reduced gross damage and histopathological scores, and partially prevented the decrease of anal pressure observed in the animals receiving acetic acid. Increases in the cytosolic concentration of TBARS and hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence were significantly prevented in glutamine-treated animals. Acetic acid instillation induced a marked increase of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit expression in the nucleus and resulted in significant changes in the cytosolic protein level of IkappaB kinases (IKKalpha and IKKbeta) and the non-phosphorylated form of the inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased. All these effects were partially prevented by administration of glutamine. It is concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of glutamine in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the expression of certain pro-inflammatory mediators which are regulated by the oxidative stress-sensitive NF-kappaB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Fillmann
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Hospital de Clinicas Porto Alegre, Brazil
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