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Yetkin-Arik B, Jansen SA, Varderidou-Minasian S, Westendorp B, Skarp KP, Altelaar M, Lindemans CA, Lorenowicz MJ. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells promote intestinal epithelium regeneration after chemotherapy-induced damage. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:125. [PMID: 38679715 PMCID: PMC11057078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for leukemia and a range of non-malignant disorders. The success of the therapy is hampered by occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD); an inflammatory response damaging recipient organs, with gut, liver, and skin being the most susceptible. Intestinal GvHD injury is often a life-threatening complication in patients unresponsive to steroid treatment. Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) infusions are a promising potential treatment for steroid-resistant aGvHD. Data from our institution and others demonstrate rescue of approximately 40-50% of aGvHD patients with MSCs in Phase I, II studies and minor side effects. Although promising, better understanding of MSC mode of action and patient response to MSC-based therapy is essential to improve this lifesaving treatment. METHODS Single cell human small intestine organoids were embedded in Matrigel, grown for 5 days and treated with busulfan for 48 h. Organoids damaged by treatment with busulfan or control organoids were co-cultured with 5000, 10,000, and 50,000 MSCs for 24 h, 48 h or 7 days and the analyses such as surface area determination, proliferation and apoptosis assessment, RNA sequencing and proteomics were performed. RESULTS Here, we developed a 3D co-culture model of human small intestinal organoids and MSCs, which allows to study the regenerative effects of MSCs on intestinal epithelium in a more physiologically relevant setting than existing in vitro systems. Using this model we mimicked chemotherapy-mediated damage of the intestinal epithelium. The treatment with busulfan, the chemotherapeutic commonly used as conditioning regiment before the HSCT, affected pathways regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and apoptosis in small intestinal organoids, as shown by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. The co-culture of busulfan-treated intestinal organoids with MSCs reversed the effects of busulfan on the transcriptome and proteome of intestinal epithelium, which we also confirmed by functional evaluation of proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we demonstrate that our in vitro co-culture system is a new valuable tool to facilitate the investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of MSCs on damaged intestinal epithelium. This could benefit further optimization of the use of MSCs in HSCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yetkin-Arik
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/E, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S A Jansen
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Varderidou-Minasian
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Westendorp
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K-P Skarp
- Biomedical Primate Research Center, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - M Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute For Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C A Lindemans
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Lorenowicz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Biomedical Primate Research Center, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Pai YC, Li YH, Turner JR, Yu LCH. Transepithelial Barrier Dysfunction Drives Microbiota Dysbiosis to Initiate Epithelial Clock-driven Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1471-1488. [PMID: 37004200 PMCID: PMC10588795 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors that contribute to inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] pathogenesis include genetic polymorphisms, barrier loss, and microbial dysbiosis. A major knowledge gap exists in the origins of the colitogenic microbiome and its relationship with barrier impairment. Epithelial myosin light chain kinase [MLCK] is a critical regulator of the paracellular barrier, but the effects of MLCK activation on the intraepithelial bacteria [IEB] and dysbiosis are incompletely understood. We hypothesise that MLCK-dependent bacterial endocytosis promotes pathobiont conversion and shapes a colitogenic microbiome. METHODS To explore this, transgenic [Tg] mice with barrier loss induced by intestinal epithelium-specific expression of a constitutively active MLCK were compared with wild-type [WT] mice. RESULTS When progeny of homozygous MLCK-Tg mice were separated after weaning by genotype [Tg/Tg, Tg/WT, WT/WT], increased IEB numbers associated with dysbiosis and more severe colitis were present in Tg/Tg and Tg/WT mice, relative to WT/WT mice. Cohousing with MLCK-Tg mice induced dysbiosis, increased IEB abundance, and exacerbated colitis in WT mice. Conversely, MLCK-Tg mice colonised with WT microbiota at birth displayed increased Escherichia abundance and greater colitis severity by 6 weeks of age. Microarray analysis revealed circadian rhythm disruption in WT mice co-housed with MLCK-Tg mice relative to WT mice housed only with WT mice. This circadian disruption required Rac1/STAT3-dependent microbial invasion but not MLCK activity, and resulted in increased proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid downregulation. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that barrier dysfunction induces dysbiosis and expansion of invasive microbes that lead to circadian disruption and mucosal inflammation. These results suggest that barrier-protective or bacterium-targeted precision medicine approaches may be of benefit to IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Hsuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Brigham's Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Li J, Jia N, Cui M, Li Y, Li X, Chu X. The intestinal mucosal barrier - A key player in rheumatoid arthritis? Clin Anat 2023; 36:977-985. [PMID: 37191299 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a recurrent chronic autoimmune disease, which is not only difficult to treat, but also has a great adverse impact on the physical and mental health of patients. The intestinal mucosa barrier has some relationship with RA and it consists of mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and microflora barrier. It is a dynamic system that contributes to the stability of the intestinal environment by regulating the absorption of relevant substances from the lumen into the circulation, while limiting the passage of harmful substances. This article summarizes the connection between the intestinal mucosa barrier and RA, and proposes the role of relevant Chinese medicines on RA from the point of improving barriers, to provide new perspectives on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nini Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Province Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hefei, China
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Won MM, Mladenov GD, Raymond SL, Khan FA, Radulescu A. What animal model should I use to study necrotizing enterocolitis? Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151313. [PMID: 37276781 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Unfortunately, we are all too familiar with the statement: "Necrotizing enterocolitis remains the leading cause of gastrointestinal surgical emergency in preterm neonates". It's been five decades since the first animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were described. There remains much investigative work to be done on identifying various aspects of NEC, ranging from the underlying mechanisms to treatment modalities. Experimental NEC is mainly focused on a rat, mouse, and piglet models. Our aim is to not only highlight the pros and cons of these three main models, but to also present some of the less-used animal models that have contributed to the body of knowledge about NEC. Choosing an appropriate model is essential to conducting effective research and answering the questions asked. As such, this paper reviews some of the variations that come with each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell M Won
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Georgi D Mladenov
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Raymond
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Faraz A Khan
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Radulescu
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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De Fazio L, Beghetti I, Bertuccio SN, Marsico C, Martini S, Masetti R, Pession A, Corvaglia L, Aceti A. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Overview on In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6761. [PMID: 34201786 PMCID: PMC8268427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gut inflammatory disorder which constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for preterm infants. The pathophysiology of NEC is yet to be fully understood; several observational studies have led to the identification of multiple factors involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, including gut immaturity and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. Given the complex interactions between microbiota, enterocytes, and immune cells, and the limited access to fetal human tissues for experimental studies, animal models have long been essential to describe NEC mechanisms. However, at present there is no animal model perfectly mimicking human NEC; furthermore, the disease mechanisms appear too complex to be studied in single-cell cultures. Thus, researchers have developed new approaches in which intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to a combination of environmental and microbial factors which can potentially trigger NEC. In addition, organoids have gained increasing attention as promising models for studying NEC development. Currently, several in vitro models have been proposed and have contributed to describe the disease in deeper detail. In this paper, we will provide an updated review of available in vitro models of NEC and an overview of current knowledge regarding its molecular underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia De Fazio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seragnoli”, Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isadora Beghetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seragnoli”, Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Marsico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Martini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seragnoli”, Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seragnoli”, Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Corvaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Aceti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.F.); (S.N.B.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (L.C.); (A.A.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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