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Wang X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao S, Zhang T, Guo J, Shi L. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic strategies to reveal alkali-resistance mechanisms in wild soybean during post-germination growth stage. PLANTA 2023; 257:95. [PMID: 37036535 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The keys to alkali-stress resistance of barren-tolerant wild soybean lay in enhanced reutilization of reserves in cotyledons as well as improved antioxidant protection and organic acid accumulation in young roots. Soil alkalization of farmlands is increasingly serious, adversely restricting crop growth and endangering food security. Here, based on integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics, we systematically investigated changes in cotyledon weight and young root growth in response to alkali stress in two ecotypes of wild soybean after germination to reveal alkali-resistance mechanisms in barren-tolerant wild soybean. Compared with barren-tolerant wild soybean, the dry weight of common wild soybean cotyledons under alkali stress decreased slowly and the length of young roots shortened. In barren-tolerant wild soybean, nitrogen-transport amino acids asparagine and glutamate decreased in cotyledons but increased in young roots, and nitrogen-compound transporter genes and genes involved in asparagine metabolism were significantly up-regulated in both cotyledons and young roots. Moreover, isocitric, succinic, and L-malic acids involved in the glyoxylate cycle significantly accumulated and the malate synthetase gene was up-regulated in barren-tolerant wild soybean cotyledons. In barren-tolerant wild soybean young roots, glutamate and glycine related to glutathione metabolism increased significantly and the glutathione reductase gene was up-regulated. Pyruvic acid and citric acid involved in pyruvate-citrate metabolism increased distinctly and genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase and citrate synthetase were up-regulated. Integrated analysis showed that the keys to alkali-stress resistance of barren-tolerant wild soybean lay in enhanced protein decomposition, amino acid transport, and lipolysis in cotyledons as well as improved antioxidant protection and organic acid accumulation in young roots. This study provides new ideas for the exploitation and utilization of wild soybean resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yunan Hu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yida Wang
- College of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shujuan Gao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jixun Guo
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Zhu C, Yu J, Cao S, Wu X, Meng W, Hou X. Transcriptomics-based analysis of genes related to lead stress and their expression in the roots of Pogonatherum crinitum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1066329. [PMID: 36589065 PMCID: PMC9795032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1066329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Revealing plants' tolerance and transport genes to heavy metal stress play an important role in exploring the potential of phytoremediation. Taking the heavy metal lead (Pb) hyperaccumulator plant Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth as the research object, a hydroponic simulation stress experiment was set up to determine the physiological indicators such as antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the roots of P. crinitum under different Pb concentrations (0, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 mg·L-1). RNA-Seq was performed, the Unigenes obtained by transcriptome sequencing were enriched and annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, and the differential expression genes (DEGs) of root were screened and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results are as follows: with the increase of Pb concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbic acid (AsA) content increased. Peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycles showed low promotion with high inhibition. A total of 38.21 Gb of bases were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and the base quality of each sample reached Q20 and Q30, accounting for 90%, making the sequencing results reliable. Combined with transcriptome sequencing, functional annotation, and qRT-PCR validation results, 17 root Pb-tolerant genes of P. crinitum were screened out, which were related to antioxidation, transportation, and transcription functions. Moreover, qRT-PCR verification results under different Pb stress concentrations were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results and changes in physiological indicators. In brief, the root of P. crinitum can adapt to the Pb stress environment by up-regulating the expression of related genes to regulate the physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Zhu
- Institute of Forestry and Environment, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junbao Yu
- Institute of Forestry and Environment, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Cao
- Institute of Forestry and Environment, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Institute of Forestry and Environment, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weicai Meng
- Institute of Forestry and Environment, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hou
- Institute of Forestry and Environment, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Forestry and Grassland on Soil and Water Conservation of Red Soil Region in Southern China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, China
- Cross-Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Education of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
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Shao J, Huang K, Batool M, Idrees F, Afzal R, Haroon M, Noushahi HA, Wu W, Hu Q, Lu X, Huang G, Aamer M, Hassan MU, El Sabagh A. Versatile roles of polyamines in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003155. [PMID: 36311109 PMCID: PMC9606767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extreme environmental cues such as abiotic stresses, including frequent droughts with irregular precipitation, salinity, metal contamination, and temperature fluctuations, have been escalating the damage to plants' optimal productivity worldwide. Therefore, yield maintenance under extreme events needs improvement in multiple mechanisms that can minimize the influence of abiotic stresses. Polyamines (PAs) are pivotally necessary for a defensive purpose under adverse abiotic conditions, but their molecular interplay in this remains speculative. The PAs' accretion is one of the most notable metabolic responses of plants under stress challenges. Recent studies reported the beneficial roles of PAs in plant development, including metabolic and physiological processes, unveiling their potential for inducing tolerance against adverse conditions. This review presents an overview of research about the most illustrious and remarkable achievements in strengthening plant tolerance to drought, salt, and temperature stresses by the exogenous application of PAs. The knowledge of underlying processes associated with stress tolerance and PA signaling pathways was also summarized, focusing on up-to-date evidence regarding the metabolic and physiological role of PAs with exogenous applications that protect plants under unfavorable climatic conditions. Conclusively, the literature proposes that PAs impart an imperative role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This implies potentially important feedback on PAs and plants' stress tolerance under unfavorable cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Shao
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fahad Idrees
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rabail Afzal
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Weixiong Wu
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Qiliang Hu
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingda Lu
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
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Gao J, Zhuang S, Zhang Y, Qian Z. Exogenously applied spermidine alleviates hypoxia stress in Phyllostachys praecox seedlings via changes in endogenous hormones and gene expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:200. [PMID: 35439921 PMCID: PMC9016973 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia stress is thought to be one of the major abiotic stresses that inhibits the growth and development of higher plants. Phyllostachys pracecox is sensitive to oxygen and suffers soil hypoxia during cultivation; however, the corresponding solutions to mitigate this stress are still limited in practice. In this study, Spermidine (Spd) was tested for regulating the growth of P. praecox seedlings under the hypoxia stress with flooding. RESULTS A batch experiment was carried out in seedlings treated with 1 mM and 2 mM Spd under flooding for eight days. Application of 1 mM and 2 mM Spd could alleviate plant growth inhibition and reduce oxidative damage from hypoxia stress. Exogenous Spd significantly (P < 0.05) increased proline, soluble protein content, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activity, enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, and reduced ethylene emission, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2·-) production rate, ACC oxidase (ACO) and ACC synthase (ACS) to protect membranes from lipid peroxidation under flooding. Moreover, exogenous Spd up-regulated the expression of auxin-related genes auxin responsive factor1 (ARF1), auxin1 protein (AUX1), auxin2 protein (AUX2), auxin3 protein (AUX3) and auxin4 protein (AUX4), and down-regulated the expression of ethylene-related ACO and ACS genes during flooding. CONCLUSION The results indicated that exogenous Spd altered hormone concentrations and the expression of hormone-related genes, thereby protecting the bamboo growth under flooding. Our data suggest that Spd can be used to reduce hypoxia-induced cell damage and improve the adaptability of P. praecox to flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Gao
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shunyao Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Qian
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China
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Sun X, Sun M, Chao Y, Wang H, Pan H, Yang Q, Cui X, Lou Y, Zhuge Y. Alleviation of lead toxicity and phytostimulation in perennial ryegrass by the Pb-resistant fungus Trichoderma asperellum SD-5. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:333-341. [PMID: 33256897 DOI: 10.1071/fp20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a highly toxic metal ion, is detrimental to plants and humans. Existing botanical techniques for Pb-contaminated soil remediation are limited in their efficiency. Here, we investigated the use of the fungus Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf & Nirenberg SD-5, which we identified previously as being Pb-resistant, for phytoremediation and for its effects on plant growth, Pb adsorption, and physiological responses in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. 'Lark'). We set up four soil treatments: CK (uncontaminated by Pb), T1 (1000 mg kg-1 Pb), T2 (1:9 ratio of sawdust to T1), and T3 (T2 inoculated with T. asperellum SD-5). A pot experiment revealed that the addition of the Pb-resistant microorganism promoted growth and increased biomass in ryegrass under Pb stress, in addition to significantly enhancing photosynthesis by increasing the leaf chlorophyll content and improving the total protein content and expression of the pAPX, POD, SOD, and GPX genes, evidence of an improved antioxidant system and the alleviation of Pb stress. We demonstrated that Pb-resistant microorganisms can enhance Pb extraction from the soil, thus improving remediation. Mitigation mechanisms operating at the physiological and gene expression levels were also determined, providing a scientific basis for the role of combined plant-microorganism methods in remediating Pb-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; and School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Ying Chao
- Tai'an Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Nantianmen Street, Tai'an City, Shandong, 271000, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Quangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiumin Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yanhong Lou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilisation of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Hongna C, Junmei S, Leyuan T, Xiaori H, Guolin L, Xianguo C. Exogenous Spermidine Priming Mitigates the Osmotic Damage in Germinating Seeds of Leymus chinensis Under Salt-Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701538. [PMID: 34721448 PMCID: PMC8548376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine (Spd) is known to protect macromolecules involved in physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, it is possible that Spd also plays an osmotic regulatory role in promoting the seed germination of Leymus chinensis (L. chinensis) under salt-alkali stress. To investigate this further, seeds of L. chinensis were soaked in Spd solution or distilled water, and a culture experiment was performed by sowing the soaked seeds in saline-alkaline soils. The data showed that the Spd priming resulted in an increase of more than 50% in soluble sugar content and an increase of more than 30% in proline content in the germinating seeds. In addition, the Spd priming resulted in an increase of more than 30% in catalase activity and an increase of more than 25% in peroxidase activity in the germinating seeds and effectively mitigated the oxidative damage to the plasma membrane in the germinating seeds under salt-alkali stress. Moreover, the Spd priming of seeds affected the accumulation of polyamine (PA) and maintained the activities of macromolecules involved in physiological metabolism in germinating seeds exposed to salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, the Spd priming treatment increased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level to more than 30% and the Ca2+ concentration to more than 20% in the germinating seeds, thus breaking the dormancy induction pathways in L. chinensis seeds through beneficial hormone enrichment. This study provides an insight into the Spd-mediated regulation pathway during exogenous Spd priming of L. chinensis seeds, which mitigates osmotic and oxidative damage and maintains the integrality of the cell lipid membrane. Thus, exogenous Spd priming increases PA oxidase activity and maintains the accumulation of H2O2. We found that the H2O2 beneficially affected the balance of Ca2+ and hormones, promoting the vigor and germination of L. chinensis in response to salt-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hongna
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Junmei
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Leyuan
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiaori
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Guolin
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Xianguo
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Xianguo,
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wen W, Shi Z, Gu Q, Ahammed GJ, Cao K, Shah Jahan M, Shu S, Wang J, Sun J, Guo S. Hydrogen peroxide mediates spermidine-induced autophagy to alleviate salt stress in cucumber. Autophagy 2020; 17:2876-2890. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxu Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengrong Shi
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kai Cao
- The Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, China
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Wang Y, Gong X, Liu W, Kong L, Si X, Guo S, Sun J. Gibberellin mediates spermidine-induced salt tolerance and the expression of GT-3b in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:147-156. [PMID: 32416344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that spermidine (Spd) plays a critical role in salt tolerance in plants, but the associated mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of gibberellin (GA) in Spd-induced salt tolerance and the expression of GT-3b transcription factor in cucumber. The results showed that exogenous Spd significantly increased the salt tolerance of cucumber plants, while its effects were compromised in the presence of methylglyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), an inhibitor of Spd biosynthesis. Interestingly, the expression of GT-3b was significantly induced by Spd under salt stress, and the promoter sequence of GT-3b was predicted to contain cis-acting regulatory elements that could respond to phytohormones, such as GA, salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The application of GA3, SA and MeJA as foliar spray could induce the expression of GT-3b. In addition, exogenous Spd dramatically increased the expression of genes related to GA biosynthesis, the activity of gibberellin oxidase, and the accumulation of GA3, whereas these effects were attenuated in the MGBG-treated plants. Furthermore, the application of GA3 increased GT-3b expression and salt tolerance, whereas these effects were blocked when the plants were treated with paclobutrazol (PAZ), a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Similarly, the Spd-induced salt tolerance was compromised in the PAZ-treated plants. Our results suggest that GA mediates Spd-induced salt tolerance and the expression of GT-3b in cucumber. These results provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism of Spd-regulated salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Si
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Diao P, Kong L, Yu R, Zhang M, Zuo T, Fan Y, Niu Y, Yan F, Wuriyanghan H. Ethylene Enhances Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Under Salinity by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Promoting Chlorophyll Content via ETR2 Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 32765554 PMCID: PMC7378865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage, and salinity is a major stress factor on its yield. In this study, we show that osmotic stress retards alfalfa seedling growth, while ionic/oxidative stress reduces its seed germination. Ethylene treatment can recover the germination rate of alfalfa seeds under salt stress, while ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulfate exacerbates salt effects. ETH reduces the accumulation of MDA and H2O2 and increases POD activity. ETH and ACC improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa by increasing proline content under salt stress. In contrast, STS inhibits alfalfa seed germination by reducing POD activity. NaCl treatment reduces chlorophyll content in alfalfa leaves, while ETH and ACC can increase the chlorophyll content and promote seedling growth. ETH promotes the growth of alfalfa in saline condition by reducing the expression of MsACO and MsERF8 genes, while increases its germination rate by upregulating MsERF11 gene. Silencing of MsETR2, a putative ethylene receptor gene in alfalfa, abolishes ethylene triggered tolerance to salt stress. In summary, we show that ethylene improves salt tolerance in alfalfa via MsETR2 dependent manner, and we also analyze the regulatory mechanism of ethylene during germination of alfalfa seeds under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengfei Diao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Yan, ; Hada Wuriyanghan,
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Yan, ; Hada Wuriyanghan,
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Nadeem M, Li J, Yahya M, Wang M, Ali A, Cheng A, Wang X, Ma C. Grain Legumes and Fear of Salt Stress: Focus on Mechanisms and Management Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E799. [PMID: 30781763 PMCID: PMC6412900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an ever-present major constraint and a major threat to legume crops, particularly in areas with irrigated agriculture. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity, especially during vegetative and reproductive phases. This review gives an overview of legumes sensitivity to salt stress (SS) and mechanisms to cope with salinity stress under unfavorable conditions. It also focuses on the promising management approaches, i.e., agronomic practices, breeding approaches, and genome editing techniques to improve performance of legumes under SS. Now, the onus is on researchers to comprehend the plants physiological and molecular mechanisms, in addition to various responses as part of their stress tolerance strategy. Due to their ability to fix biological nitrogen, high protein contents, dietary fiber, and essential mineral contents, legumes have become a fascinating group of plants. There is an immense need to develop SS tolerant legume varieties to meet growing demand of protein worldwide. This review covering crucial areas ranging from effects, mechanisms, and management strategies, may elucidate further the ways to develop SS-tolerant varieties and to produce legume crops in unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Muhammad Yahya
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Minghua Wang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Asif Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Andong Cheng
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zhang X, Cheng J, Lu H, Chu F, Xu J, Wang X, Cen K. Spermidine enhanced resistance of Chlorella to high levels of CO2 and light intensity for improving photosynthetic growth rate. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26495-26502. [PMID: 35531027 PMCID: PMC9070543 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to promote the photosynthetic growth rate of Chlorella in the presence of flue gas CO2 from coal-fired power plants, spermidine was first used to enhance cellular resistance to a high CO2 concentration (15%) and high light intensity (30 000 lux). It was found that low concentrations (100–300 μM) of spermidine significantly enhanced the photosynthetic growth rate of Chlorella. The accelerated cell division decreased the cell diameter from 3.64 μm to 2.71 μm and the fractal dimension from 1.60 to 1.49, and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) increased from 0.48 U mL−1 to 5.33 U mL−1. Expression levels of key enzymes of photosystems I and II, ATP synthase and transportase markedly increased, thereby enhancing the electron transport and energy supply that reduced oxidative damage. Finally, an enhanced cellular resistance to the high CO2 concentration and high light intensity increased the biomass yield from 0.11 g L−1 to 1.71 g L−1 (300 μM). Spermidine enhanced resistance of Chlorella to high levels of CO2 and light intensity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Hongxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Feifei Chu
- College of Standardization
- China Jiliang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Junchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Penglai Power Generation Company Ltd. of China Energy Investment Corporation
- Penglai 265601
- China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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