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Ramos RS, Spampinato CP. Deficiency of the Arabidopsis mismatch repair MSH6 attenuates Pseudomonas syringae invasion. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111713. [PMID: 37068662 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The MutS homolog 6 (MSH6) is a nuclear DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene that encodes the MSH6 protein. MSH6 interacts with MSH2 to form the MutSα heterodimer. MutSα corrects DNA mismatches and unpaired nucleotides arising during DNA replication, deamination of 5-methylcytosine, and recombination between non-identical DNA sequences. In addition to correcting DNA biosynthetic errors, MutSα also recognizes chemically damaged DNA bases. Here, we show that inactivation of MSH6 affects the basal susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. The msh6 T-DNA insertional mutant exhibited a reduced susceptibility to the bacterial invasion. This heightened basal resistance of msh6 mutants appears to be dependent on an increased stomatal closure, an accumulation of H2O2 and double-strand breaks (DSBs) and a constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related (NPR1 and PR1) and DNA damage response (RAD51D and SOG1) genes. Complementation of this mutant with the MSH6 wild type allele under the control of its own promoter resulted in reversal of the basal bacterial resistance phenotype and the stomatal closure back to wild type levels. Taken together, these results demonstrate that inactivation of MSH6 increases Arabidopsis basal susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen and suggests a link between DNA repair and stress signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío S Ramos
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia P Spampinato
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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2
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Xu Z, Zhang Z, Wang X. Ecotoxicological effects of soil lithium on earthworm Eisenia fetida: Lethality, bioaccumulation, biomarker responses, and histopathological changes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121748. [PMID: 37127236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is an emerging environmental contaminant in the current low-carbon economy, but little is known about its influences on soil invertebrates. In this work, earthworm Eisenia fetida was exposed to soils treated with different levels of lithium for 7 d, and multiple ecotoxicological parameters were evaluated. The results showed that mortality was dose-dependent and lithium's median lethal content (LC50) to earthworm was respectively 865.08, 361.01, 139.36, and 94.95 mg/kg after 1 d, 2 d, 4 d, and 7 d exposure. The bioaccumulation factor based on measured exogenous lithium content (BFexog) respectively reached 0.79, 1.01, 1.57, and 1.27 with the increasing lithium levels, suggesting that lithium accumulation was averagely 1.16-fold to the exogenous content, and 74.42%∼81.19%, 14.54%∼18.23%, and 2.26%∼8.02% of the lithium in exposed earthworms were respectively retained in the cytosol, debris, and granule. Then, lithium stress stimulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, and glutathione S-transferase as well as the content of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and metallothionein, indicating the generation of oxidative damage, while the content of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde decreased. Finally, lithium introduced histopathological changes, including the degenerated seminal vesicle and muscle hyperplasia, as well as high or extreme nuclear DNA damage. This study confirmed the obvious bioaccumulation and toxic effects caused by soil lithium via ecotoxicological data, providing new theoretical insights into understanding the ecological risks of lithium to soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Xu
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Jovanović Marić J, Kolarević S, Đorđević J, Sunjog K, Nikolić I, Marić A, Ilić M, Simonović P, Alygizakis N, Ng K, Oswald P, Slobodnik J, Žegura B, Vuković-Gačić B, Paunović M, Kračun-Kolarević M. In situ detection of the genotoxic potential as one of the lines of evidence in the weight-of-evidence approach-the Joint Danube Survey 4 Case Study. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:21-32. [PMID: 36367406 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental studies which aim to assess the ecological impact of chemical and other types of pollution should employ a complex weight-of-evidence approach with multiple lines of evidence (LoEs). This study focused on in situ genotoxicological methods such as the comet and micronucleus assays and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis as one of the multiple LoEs (LoE3) on the fish species Alburnus alburnus (bleak) as a bioindicator. The study was carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4 (JDS4) at nine sites in the Danube River Basin in the Republic of Serbia. Out of nine sampling sites, two were situated at the Tisa, Sava, and Velika Morava rivers, and three sites were at the Danube River. The three additionally employed LoEs were: SumTUwater calculated based on the monitoring data in the database of the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) (LoE1); in vitro analyses of JDS4 water extracts employing genotoxicological methods (LoE2); assessment of the ecological status/potential by SEPA and indication of the ecological status for the sites performed within the JDS4 (LoE4). The analyzed biomarker responses in the bleak were integrated into the unique integrated biomarker response index which was used to rank the sites. The highest pollution pressure was recorded at JDS4 39 and JDS4 36, while the lowest was at JDS4 35. The impact of pollution was confirmed at three sites, JDS4 33, 40, and 41, by all four LoEs. At other sampling sites, a difference was observed regarding the pollution depending on the employed LoEs. This indicates the importance of implementing a comprehensive weight-of-evidence approach to ensure the impact of pollution is not overlooked when using only one LoE as is often the case in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jovanović Marić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Marić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ilić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Simonović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružna 784/2, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Kelsey Ng
- Environmental Institute, Okružna 784/2, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Oswald
- Environmental Institute, Okružna 784/2, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Vitorino JD, Costa PM. After a Century of Research into Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens, Where Do We Stand? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1040. [PMID: 36673796 PMCID: PMC9859577 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the longest-known human diseases, yet only in recent times have we begun to perceive that the percentage of neoplasms caused by environmental factors, lifestyle and chemicals, is likely underestimated. The first medical reports associating cancer with pollutants like tars appeared by the early 20th century, but despite initial evidence relating oncogenesis and chromosomal alterations, only after the structure of DNA had been elucidated in the 1950s have genetic disorders been fully perceived as cause. This led to a growing interest in genotoxic and mutagenic pollutants. Even though we are now familiar with a range of environmental carcinogens spanning between aromatic hydrocarbons and asbestos to radionuclides and forms of carbon nanomaterials, establishing causal networks between pollutants and cancer remains cumbersome. In most part, this is due to the complexity of toxicant matrices, unknown modes-of-action of chemicals or their mixtures, the widening array of novel pollutants plus difficulties in subtracting background effects from true aetiology of disease. Recent advances in analytical chemistry, high-throughput toxicology, next-generation sequencing, computational biology and databases that allocate whole normal and cancer genomes, all indicate that we are on the verge of a new age of research into mechanistic 'oncotoxicology', but how can it impact risk assessment and prevention?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Yu J, Tu W, Payne A, Rudyk C, Cuadros Sanchez S, Khilji S, Kumarathasan P, Subedi S, Haley B, Wong A, Anghel C, Wang Y, Chauhan V. Adverse Outcome Pathways and Linkages to Transcriptomic Effects Relevant to Ionizing Radiation Injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1789-1801. [PMID: 35939063 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past three decades, a large body of data on the effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and the ensuing changes in gene expression has been generated. These data have allowed for an understanding of molecular-level events and shown a level of consistency in response despite the vast formats and experimental procedures being used across institutions. However, clarity on how this information may inform strategies for health risk assessment needs to be explored. An approach to bridge this gap is the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. AOPs represent an illustrative framework characterizing a stressor associated with a sequential set of causally linked key events (KEs) at different levels of biological organization, beginning with a molecular initiating event (MIE) and culminating in an adverse outcome (AO). Here, we demonstrate the interpretation of transcriptomic datasets in the context of the AOP framework within the field of ionizing radiation by using a lung cancer AOP (AOP 272: https://www.aopwiki.org/aops/272) as a case example. METHODS Through the mining of the literature, radiation exposure-related transcriptomic studies in line with AOP 272 related to lung cancer, DNA damage response, and repair were identified. The differentially expressed genes within relevant studies were collated and subjected to the pathway and network analysis using Reactome and GeneMANIA platforms. Identified pathways were filtered (p < 0.001, ≥ 3 genes) and categorized based on relevance to KEs in the AOP. Gene connectivities were identified and further grouped by gene expression-informed associated events (AEs). Relevant quantitative dose-response data were used to inform the directionality in the expression of the genes in the network across AEs. RESULTS Reactome analyses identified 7 high-level biological processes with multiple pathways and associated genes that mapped to potential KEs in AOP 272. The gene connectivities were further represented as a network of AEs with associated expression profiles that highlighted patterns of gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the application of transcriptomics data in AOP development and provides information on potential data gaps. Although the approach is new and anticipated to evolve, it shows promise for improving the understanding of underlying mechanisms of disease progression with a long-term vision to be predictive of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Yu
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangshu Tu
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chris Rudyk
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Brittany Haley
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia Wong
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Beck D, Nilsson EE, Ben Maamar M, Skinner MK. Environmental induced transgenerational inheritance impacts systems epigenetics in disease etiology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5452. [PMID: 35440735 PMCID: PMC9018793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease through exposure specific epigenetic alterations in the germline. The current study examines the actions of hydrocarbon jet fuel, dioxin, pesticides (permethrin and methoxychlor), plastics, and herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) in the promotion of transgenerational disease in the great grand-offspring rats that correlates with specific disease associated differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs). The transgenerational disease observed was similar for all exposures and includes pathologies of the kidney, prostate, and testis, pubertal abnormalities, and obesity. The disease specific DMRs in sperm were exposure specific for each pathology with negligible overlap. Therefore, for each disease the DMRs and associated genes were distinct for each exposure generational lineage. Observations suggest a large number of DMRs and associated genes are involved in a specific pathology, and various environmental exposures influence unique subsets of DMRs and genes to promote the transgenerational developmental origins of disease susceptibility later in life. A novel multiscale systems biology basis of disease etiology is proposed involving an integration of environmental epigenetics, genetics and generational toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Eric E Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Millissia Ben Maamar
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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