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Wirayuda AAB, Al-Mahrezi A, Chan MF. Factors Impacting Life Expectancy in Bahrain: Evidence from 1971 to 2020 Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES : PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, EVALUATION 2022; 53:207314221129052. [PMID: 36214193 DOI: 10.1177/00207314221129052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The factors impacting life expectancy (LE) are important to a country as LE reflects the essential quality of its population. Previous studies showed that other than economic factors, health status and resources (HSR) and sociodemographic (SD) also affect LE. This area has not been previously studied in Bahrain, especially in the past five decades. Hence, this study aims to develop an explanatory model for HSR, macroeconomic (ME), and SD factors on LE in Bahrain. The research was a retrospective, time-series design that collected the annual published data on SD, ME, HSR, and LE in Bahrain's population from 1971 to 2020. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The result shows that ME (0.463, P < .001) and HSR (0.595, P < .001) have significant direct effects on LE. ME has an indirect effect (0.488, P < .001) on LE via SD and HSR, and SD has an indirect effect (0.496, P < .001) on LE through HSR. During the socioeconomic downturn, the health resources provision should not be reduced as it directly affects LE. An integrated policy addressing socioeconomic and health-related factors could protect the future of Bahrain's population health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Mahrezi
- 108707Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, 37611Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moon Fai Chan
- 108707Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, 37611Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Dai C, Han Y, Duan Y, Lai X, Fu R, Liu S, Leong KH, Tu Y, Zhou L. Review on the contamination and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal soil and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112423. [PMID: 34838568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid economic and population growth in coastal areas is causing increasingly serious polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in these regions. This review compared the PAHs pollution characteristics of different coastal areas, including industrial zones, commercial ports, touristic cities, aquacultural & agricultural areas, oil & gas exploitation areas and megacities. Currently there are various treatment methods to remediate soils and sediments contaminated with PAHs. However, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies up to date, so appropriate technologies can be selected to remediate PAHs pollution. In view of that, we analyzed the characteristics of the remediation mechanism, summarized the remediation methods for soil or sediments in coastal areas, which were physical repair, chemical oxidation, bioremediation and integrated approaches. Besides, this review also reported the development of new multi-functional green and sustainable systems, namely, micro-nano bubble (MNB), biochar, reversible surfactants and peracetic acid. While physical repair, expensive but efficient, was regarded as a suitable method for the PAHs remediation in coastal areas because of land shortage, integrated approaches would produce better results. The ultimate aim of the review was to ensure the successful restructuring of PAHs contaminated soil and sediments in coastal areas. Due to the environment heterogeneity, PAHs pollution in coastal areas remains as a daunting challenge. Therefore, new and suitable technologies are still needed to address the environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yueming Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Institute of Urban Studies, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yaojen Tu
- Institute of Urban Studies, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Kunene SC, Lin KS, Mdlovu NV, Shih WC. Bioaccumulation of trace metals and speciation of copper and zinc in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) using XANES/EXAFS spectroscopies. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129067. [PMID: 33246704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in oyster soft tissues can be particularly high due to contamination, leading to extremely green/blue colors. This raises key questions regarding the behavior and speciation of trace metals in oyster soft tissues. This study investigated trace metal concentration profiles of contaminated Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) soft tissues collected from trace metal-contaminated coastal area of Xiangshan District using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, Cu and Zn speciation in contaminated and non-contaminated oyster soft tissues were investigated by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy/extended X-ray absorption fine structure (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopic methods. The contents of Cu (1,100-1,400 mg/kg) and Zn (500-700 mg/kg) dry weight were high in oyster soft tissue samples. The XANES/EXAFS results revealed that Cu and Zn existed primarily as copper (II) oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in contaminated oysters. Furthermore, Cu and Zn formed clusters with Cu-O and Zn-O interatomic distances of 1.97 and 2.21 Å, (coordination numbers 1.0 and 5.6), respectively. In non-contaminated oysters, the less abundant Cu and Zn existed mainly as copper(I) sulfide (Cu2S) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) forming clusters with Cu-S and Zn-S (thiolates) bond distances of 2.09 and 1.23 Å (coordination numbers of 4.6 and 2.4). These results provide further understanding on the chemical speciation of Cu and Zn in contaminated and non-contaminated oyster soft tissues as well as the bioaccumulation of trace metals in the oyster soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikhumbuzo Charles Kunene
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Kuen-Song Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Ndumiso Vukile Mdlovu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Cheng Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan.
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