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Madureira TV, Santos D, Simões T, Lemos MFL, Rocha E. Liver and Plasma Fatty Acid Characterization in Cultured Brown Trout at Distinct Reproductive Stages. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1434. [PMID: 37998033 PMCID: PMC10669687 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are energy sources, and their profiles are used as biomarkers of metabolic status and physiological changes in fish. Within this context, the main aim of this study was to identify the fatty acids that best discriminate the reproductive status of male and female farmed brown trout. The fatty acid composition in liver and plasma samples from the adults of both sexes was monitored along four distinct reproductive stages, namely the spawning capable (December), regressing (March), regenerating (July), and developing (November) stages. Irrespective of the sex and stage, the most representative fatty acids were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1 n-9), arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). There were no significant sex differences in fatty acid classes in the liver and plasma. Despite this, there were several changes in individual fatty acid levels between the sexes. In the liver, both males and females showed high monounsaturated fatty acid and low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels during the regressing and regenerating stages. At spawning capable and developing stages, a reverse profile was noted. The plasma profiles were mainly influenced by changes in saturated fatty acids and PUFAs in males and by PUFA in females. Based on the most representative fatty acids, four patterns were established for female plasma samples, one for each reproductive stage. This scenario suggests that female plasma samples are promising for the discrimination of gonadal reproductive status, and this potential can be further explored in aquaculture and environmental monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira Madureira
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Simões
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Fatty Acid composition of the muscle lipids of five fish species in işıklı and karacaören dam lake, Turkey. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:936091. [PMID: 25143856 PMCID: PMC4131119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Total fatty acid composition of muscle lipids in some fish species (Cyprinus carpio (Işıklı Dam Lake), Tinca tinca (Işıklı Dam Lake), Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Işıklı Dam Lake), Cyprinus carpio (Karacaören Dam Lake), and Carassius carassius (Karacaören Dam Lake)) was determined by gas chromatography. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of Cyprinus carpio (Işıklı Dam Lake) were found higher than PUFA of other species. Palmitic acid was the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) in Tinca tinca (24.64%). Oleic acid was the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) in Cyprinus carpio (Işıklı Dam Lake) (19.25%). The most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in Scardinius erythrophthalmus was docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (17.94%). Total ω3 fatty acid composition was higher than the total ω6 fatty acids of Cyprinus carpio in both dam lakes. ω3/ω6 rates in Cyprinus carpio (Işıklı Dam Lake), Tinca tinca, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Cyprinus carpio (Karacaören), and Carassius carassius were 2.12, 1.19, 2.15, 2.87, and 2.82, respectively.
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Görgün S, Akpinar N, Dirican S. A comparative study on the fatty acid profiles of total lipid, neutral and polar lipids in the liver and muscle of Capoeta sieboldii(Steindachner, 1864) and Capoeta baliki(Turan, Kottelat, Ekmekçi, Imamoğlu, 2006) from Tödürge lake (Sivas, Turkey). ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Özyurt G, Kuley E, Etyemez M, Özoğul F. Comparative seasonal sterol profiles in edible parts of Mediterranean fish and shellfish species. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 64:476-83. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.749836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fatty acid composition of common barbel (Barbus barbus) roe and evaluation of its haemolytic and cytotoxic activities. Toxicon 2011; 57:1017-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Perspectives on the use of marine and freshwater hydrobiont oils for development of drug delivery systems. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:548-57. [PMID: 21315143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine foods represent a unique source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega-3 (n-3) family. Today it is generally accepted that fish oil is important in a healthy and balanced omnivorous human diet. This favorable health perception of fish oil is however troubled by the high level of PUFA oxidation and low absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract. In this work we present and described various types of delivery systems which are used to improve PUFA and fish oil availability and oxidative stability.
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Mbatia B, Adlercreutz D, Adlercreutz P, Mahadhy A, Mulaa F, Mattiasson B. Enzymatic oil extraction and positional analysis of ω-3 fatty acids in Nile perch and salmon heads. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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