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Komal W, Fatima S, Minahal Q, Liaqat R. Investigating the optimum stocking density of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) for intensive production focused to in-pond raceway system. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241257128. [PMID: 38860303 PMCID: PMC11168253 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241257128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this trial was to study the effects of stress caused by stocking density in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in the in-pond raceway system (IPRS). Fingerlings (Initial body weight = 30.00 ± 1.20 g) were reared at different stocking densities i.e. low stocking density (n = 13,000; 1.77 kg/m3), medium stocking density (MSD) (n = 17,000; 2.32 kg/m3), and high stocking density (HSD) (n = 21,000; 2.86 kg/m3), all confined within the raceways of the IPRS. Each group was studied in triplicates. The observed growth revealed a regression in the HSD treatment, evident in its reduced weight gain per fish per day, in contrast to other treatments. Survival rate across all treatments was above 99%. Notably, the HSD treatment exhibited an elevated level of cortisol; however, this intensified crowding stress did not significantly undermine the nutritional value of the fish in HSD and other experimental treatments. Furthermore, an elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was noted within the HSD treatment in comparison to the other treatments to reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. As the trial proceeded, functions of digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and lipase diminished consistently across all treatments. This could possibly signify a deliberate redirection of energy resources toward stress alleviation rather than the usual digestive processes. In summation, it can be reasonably deduced that a stocking density of approximately 2.32 kg/m3 (MSD) emerges as the optimal threshold for effectively cultivating tilapia within an intensive aquaculture framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Komal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qandeel Minahal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Razia Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Are Microplastics Impairing Marine Fish Larviculture?—Preliminary Results with Argyrosomus regius. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of small-sized (<300 µm) microplastics (MPs) in aquaculture facilities may threaten finfish hatchery, as their (in)voluntary ingestion by fish larvae may compromise nutritional requirements during early ontogeny, and consequently larval health and performance. Thus, we addressed the short-term effects (7 h) of polyethylene microplastics (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/L, PE-MPs) in meagre larvae Argyrosomus regius (15 dph) in the presence/absence of food. Larval feeding behavior, oxidative stress status, neurotoxicity, and metabolic requirements were evaluated. Results showed that meagre larvae ingested PE-MPs regardless of their concentration, decreasing in the presence of food (Artemia metanauplii). The presence of PE-MPs compromised larval feeding activity at the highest concentration. Under starvation, exposed larvae activated the antioxidant defenses by increasing the total glutathione levels and inhibiting catalase activity, which seemed efficient to prevent oxidative damage. Such larvae also presented increased energy consumption potentially related to oxidative damage prevention and decreased neurotransmission. Biochemical responses of fed larvae showed a similar trend, except for LPO, which remained unaffected, except at 0.1 mg/PE-MPs/L. Our results suggest that small-sized MPs in finfish hatcheries may compromise larvae nutritional requirements, but at considerably higher levels than those reported in marine environments. Nevertheless, cumulative adverse effects due to lower MPs concentrations may occur.
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Wu P, Golly MK, Guo Y, Ma H, He R, Luo X, Luo S, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhu J. Effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with high-temperature fermented soybean meal in antibiotic-growth-promoter-free diets on growth performance, organ weights, serum indexes, intestinal flora and histomorphology of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Liu X, Shi H, He Q, Lin F, Wang Q, Xiao S, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhao H. Effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:182-193. [PMID: 31790749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes can lead to food deprivation among aquatic animals. The main objective of this present research was to assess the effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). A total of 120 fish with an average weight of 74.16 ± 12.08 g were randomly divided into two groups (control group and fasted-refed group). The control group was fed until satiation for 60 days, while the fasted-refed group was fasted for 30 days and then fed to satiation for 30 days. The results showed that starvation led to a significantly decreased growth performance parameters [weight gain rate (WGR) and specific weight gain rate (SGR), while the feeding rate (FR) ] increased during the refeeding, non-specific immunity was significantly improved (p < 0.05) during the first 15 days of starvation, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), lysozyme (LYM) and catalase (CAT). However, non-specific immunity decreased at 30 days of starvation, the expression of genes related to immunity, such as TNF-α, was upregulated (p < 0.05) during starvation, while the expression levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ was reduced (p < 0.05). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β peaked during refeeding. Starvation led to significantly decreased abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora, with a higher abundance of Vibrio and a lower abundance of Brevibacillus, Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella in the fasted-refed group during refeeding than in the control group. The above results reveal that starvation stimulates changes in growth, non-specific immunity, and the gut microbiota, providing new insights for the study of fish habitat selection and adaptability to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Herong Shi
- Guangdong Marine Fishery Experiment Center, Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Qi He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuantang Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanfa Zhang
- Huizhou Haiyan Aquaculture Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii) Juveniles? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010155. [PMID: 31963360 PMCID: PMC7022867 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The trial investigates if a highly defatted Hermetia illucens larva meal (H) at two dietary inclusion levels and a vegetable protein based diet (VEG) influences the normal gut and liver histology and the oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney of Siberian sturgeon juveniles. Fish were fed four diets: one control diet (H0) containing 70% of fishmeal (FM), two diets including 18.5% (H185) and 37.5% (H375) of highly defatted H in substitution for 25% and 50% of FM, and one vegetable protein based diet (VEG). At the end of a growth trial, 12 fish per treatment were sacrificed by over-anaesthesia to collect 12 liver and 5 distal intestine samples for histological analyses, as well as 12 liver and kidney samples for biochemical analyses. The H and VEG diets did not significantly affect the histology of liver and distal intestine, but alterations of the oxidative stress biomarkers were detected at the highest inclusion level of H (37.5%). In order to avoid unfavorable effects on the fish health, an inclusion level up to 18.5% of H is recommended for Siberian sturgeon juveniles.
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Dynamic alterations in methylation of global DNA and growth-related genes in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in response to starvation stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 227:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yengkokpam S, Debnath D, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Jain KK, Baruah K. Dietary protein enhances non-specific immunity, anti-oxidative capability and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings pre-exposed to short feed deprivation stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:439-446. [PMID: 27815199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary protein levels on growth, immunity and anti-oxidative status of Labeo rohita fingerlings during feed deprivation followed by refeeding. Fish (5.44 ± 0.10 g) were deprived of feed for 3 weeks and then re-fed to satiation for 5 weeks with one of the diets containing 25 (25P), 30 (30P), 35 (35P) or 40 (40P) percent crude protein (CP) level. In addition to these groups, a control group (C) was also maintained by feeding to satiation level twice daily with a diet containing 30% CP throughout the experimental period. At the end of 8-weeks' trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and survival was recorded for the next 7 days. Complete recovery of growth in terms of weight gain percentage was achieved in the fish fed 35 and 40% protein during refeeding. The body indices (condition factor and hepatosomatic index), haematological parameters and serum protein contents at the end of the experimental trial were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among different groups suggesting that the overall health of the fish was not compromised. However, respiratory burst activity and serum lysozyme activity were indicative of a better immune function in the higher protein fed groups (35P and 40P) than the lower protein groups (25P and 30P). Following challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, survival rate, blood monocyte%, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme activity, serum protein and globulin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 35P and 40P groups compared to the other groups. Further, fish fed lower dietary protein were not able to restore the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the liver. Conclusively, an improved disease resistance capability and immune status was observed in the fish fed a higher dietary protein (35-40%), even out-performing the daily-fed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Yengkokpam
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India.
| | - Dipesh Debnath
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - N P Sahu
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - A K Pal
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - K K Jain
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture &Artemia Reference Centre, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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