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Almeida B, Malcher S, Costa M, Martins J, Procópio R, Noronha R, Nagamachi C, Pieczarka J. High Chromosomal Reorganization and Presence of Microchromosomes in Chactidae Scorpions from the Brazilian Amazon. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040563. [PMID: 37106763 PMCID: PMC10135684 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Scorpions are of particular interest in cytogenomic studies, as they can present a high incidence of chromosomal rearrangements heterozygous in natural populations. In this study, we cytogenetically analyzed four species of Chactidae. In Brotheas, 2n = 40 was observed in Brotheas silvestris, 2n = 48 in Brotheas paraensis, and 2n = 50 (cytotype A) or 2n = 52 (cytotype B) among populations of Brotheas amazonicus. Our results showed a bimodal karyotype in Neochactas parvulus, 2n = 54, with microchromosomes and a concentration of constitutive heterochromatin in macrochromosomes. The 45S rDNA is located in only one pair of the karyotype, with different heteromorphisms of clusters of this rDNA in the cytotype B of B. amazonicus, with NOR-bearing chromosomes involved in multi-chromosomal associations during meiosis I. The U2 snDNA was mapped in the interstitial region of distinct karyotype pairs of three Chactidae species. Our results indicate the possible formation of cryptic species in B. amazonicus; the different 45S rDNA configurations in the genome of this species may result from amplification and degeneration. We suggest that the bimodal karyotype in N. parvulus results from fusion/fission events and that the unequal distribution of repetitive DNAs between macro and microchromosomes contributes to the maintenance of its asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará-Campus Itaituba, R. Universitário, s/n, Maria Magdalena, Itaituba 68183-300, PA, Brazil
| | - Stella Malcher
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Marlyson Costa
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Jonas Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Rudi Procópio
- Medical School, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, Manaus 69065-170, AM, Brazil
| | - Renata Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Julio Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
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Golub NV, Golub VB, Anokhin BA, Kuznetsova VG. Comparative Cytogenetics of Lace Bugs (Tingidae, Heteroptera): New Data and a Brief Overview. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070608. [PMID: 35886784 PMCID: PMC9324616 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lace bug family Tingidae comprises more than 2600 described species in 318 genera that are classified into the subfamilies Tinginae (about 2500 species and 300 genera), Cantacaderinae, and Vianadinae. We provide data on karyotypes of 16 species belonging to 10 genera of the tribes Tingini and Acalyptaini (Tinginae) studied using conventional chromosome staining and FISH. The species of Tingini possess 2n = 12A + XY, whereas those of Acalyptaini have 2n = 12A + X(0). FISH for 18S rDNA revealed hybridization signals on one of the medium-sized bivalents in species of both tribes. FISH with a telomeric probe TTAGG produced no signals in any species. In addition, we provide a list of all data obtained to date on Tingidae karyotypes, which includes 60 species from 22 genera of Tinginae. The subfamily is highly conservative in relation to the number and size of autosomes, whereas it shows diversity in the number and chromosomal distribution of the rDNA arrays, which may be located either on a pair of autosomes (the predominant and supposedly ancestral pattern), on one or both sex chromosomes, or on an autosome pair and the X. The absence of the “insect” telomeric sequence TTAGG in all species implies that Tinginae have some other, yet unknown, telomere organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Golub
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb.1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (B.A.A.); (V.G.K.)
- Department of Zoology and Parasitology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq.1, Voronezh 394006, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-323-5197
| | - Viktor B. Golub
- Department of Zoology and Parasitology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq.1, Voronezh 394006, Russia;
| | - Boris A. Anokhin
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb.1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (B.A.A.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb.1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (B.A.A.); (V.G.K.)
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Toscani MA, Pigozzi MI, Papeschi AG, Bressa MJ. Histone H3 Methylation and Autosomal vs. Sex Chromosome Segregation During Male Meiosis in Heteroptera. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.836786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteropteran insects exhibit a remarkable diversity of meiotic processes, including coexistence of different chromosomes types with different behavior during the first meiotic division, non-chiasmatic segregation, and inverted meiosis. Because of this diversity they represent suitable models to study fundamental questions about the mechanisms of chromosome behavior during cell division. All heteropteran species possess holokinetic chromosomes and in most of them the autosomal chromosomes synapse, recombine, and undergoe pre-reductional meiosis. In contrast, the sex chromosomes are achiasmatic, behave as univalents at metaphase I and present an inverted or post-reductional meiosis. An exception to this typical behavior is found in Pachylis argentinus, where both the autosomes and the X-chromosome divide reductionally at anaphase I and then divide equationally at anaphase II. In the present report, we analyzed the distribution of histones H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in P. argentinus and in five species that have simple and multiple sex chromosome systems with typical chromosome segregation, Belostoma elegans, B. oxyurum, Holhymenia rubiginosa, Phthia picta, and Oncopeltus unifasciatellus. We found that H3K9me3 is a marker for sex-chromosomes from early prophase I to the end of the first division in all the species. H3K9me2 also marks the sex chromosomes since early prophase but shows different dynamics at metaphase I depending on the sex-chromosome segregation: it is lost in species with equationally dividing sex chromosomes but remains on one end of the X chromosome of P. argentinus, where chromatids migrate together at anaphase I. It is proposed that the loss of H3K9me2 from the sex chromosomes observed at metaphase I may be part of a set of epigenetic signals that lead to the reductional or equational division of autosomes and sex chromosomes observed in most Heteroptera. The present observations suggest that the histone modifications analyzed here evolved in Heteroptera as markers for asynaptic and achiasmatic sex chromosomes during meiosis to allow the distinction from the chiasmatic autosomal chromosomes.
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Silva DMZDA, Araya-Jaime C, Yamashita M, Vidal MR, Oliveira C, Porto-Foresti F, Artoni RF, Foresti F. Meiotic self-pairing of the Psalidodon (Characiformes, Characidae) iso-B chromosome: A successful perpetuation mechanism. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20210084. [PMID: 34617950 PMCID: PMC8495774 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B chromosomes are non-essential additional genomic elements present in several animal and plant species. In fishes, species of the genus Psalidodon (Characiformes, Characidae) harbor great karyotype diversity, and multiple populations carry different types of non-essential B chromosomes. This study analyzed how the dispensable supernumerary B chromosome of Psalidodon paranae behaves during meiosis to overcome checkpoints and express its own meiosis-specific genes. We visualized the synaptonemal complexes of P. paranae individuals with zero, one, or two B chromosomes using immunodetection with anti-medaka SYCP3 antibody and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a (CA)15 microsatellite probe. Our results showed that B chromosomes self-pair in cells containing only one B chromosome. In cells with two identical B chromosomes, these elements remain as separate synaptonemal complexes or close self-paired elements in the nucleus territory. Overall, we reveal that B chromosomes can escape meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin through a self-pairing process, allowing expression of their own genes to facilitate regular meiosis resulting in fertile individuals. This behavior, also seen in other congeneric species, might be related to their maintenance throughout the evolutionary history of Psalidodon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Araya-Jaime
- Universidad de La Serena, Instituto de Investigación
Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, La Serena, Chile
- Universidad de La Serena, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de
Genética y Citogenética Vegetal, La Serena, Chile
| | - Masakane Yamashita
- Hokkaido University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological
Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Sapporo,
Japan
| | - Mateus Rossetto Vidal
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de
Botucatu, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de
Botucatu, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências,
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Departamento de
Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Departamento de
Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de
Botucatu, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
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Poggio MG, Bressa MJ, Papeschi AG. Male meiosis, heterochromatin characterization and chromosomal location of rDNA in Microtomus lunifer (Berg, 1900) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Hammacerinae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2011; 5:1-22. [PMID: 24260616 PMCID: PMC3833732 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we analysed the male meiosis, the content and distribution of heterochromatin and the number and location of nucleolus organizing regions in Microtomus lunifer (Berg, 1900) by means of standard technique, C- and fluorescent bandings, and fluorescent in situ hybridization with an 18S rDNA probe. This species is the second one cytogenetically analysed within the Hammacerinae. Its male diploid chromosome number is 31 (2n=28+X1X2Y), including a minute pair of m-chromosomes. The diploid autosomal number and the presence of m-chromosomes are similar to those reported in Microtomus conspicillaris (Drury, 1782) (2n=28+XY). However, Microtomus lunifer has a multiple sex chromosome system X1X2Y (male) that could have originated by fragmentation of the ancestral X chromosome. Taking into account that Microtomus conspicillaris and Microtomus lunifer are the only two species within Reduviidae that possess m-chromosomes, the presence of this pair could be a synapomorphy for the species of this genus. C- and fluorescent bandings showed that the amount of heterochromatin in Microtomus lunifer was small, and only a small CMA3 bright band was observed in the largest autosomal pair at one terminal region. FISH with the 18S rDNA probe demonstrated that ribosomal genes were terminally placed on the largest autosomal pair. Our present results led us to propose that the location of rDNA genes could be associated with variants of the sex chromosome systems in relation with a kind of the sex chromosome systems within this family. Furthermore, the terminal location of NOR in the largest autosomal pair allowed us to use it as a chromosome marker and, thus, to infer that the kinetic activity of both ends is not a random process, and there is an inversion of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Georgina Poggio
- />Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Int. Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Bressa
- />Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Int. Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alba Graciela Papeschi
- />Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Int. Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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