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França RKA, Studart IC, Bezerra MRL, Pontes LQ, Barbosa AMA, Brigido MM, Furtado GP, Maranhão AQ. Progress on Phage Display Technology: Tailoring Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Viruses 2023; 15:1903. [PMID: 37766309 PMCID: PMC10536222 DOI: 10.3390/v15091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for innovative anti-cancer drugs remains a challenge. Over the past three decades, antibodies have emerged as an essential asset in successful cancer therapy. The major obstacle in developing anti-cancer antibodies is the need for non-immunogenic antibodies against human antigens. This unique requirement highlights a disadvantage to using traditional hybridoma technology and thus demands alternative approaches, such as humanizing murine monoclonal antibodies. To overcome these hurdles, human monoclonal antibodies can be obtained directly from Phage Display libraries, a groundbreaking tool for antibody selection. These libraries consist of genetically engineered viruses, or phages, which can exhibit antibody fragments, such as scFv or Fab on their capsid. This innovation allows the in vitro selection of novel molecules directed towards cancer antigens. As foreseen when Phage Display was first described, nowadays, several Phage Display-derived antibodies have entered clinical settings or are undergoing clinical evaluation. This comprehensive review unveils the remarkable progress in this field and the possibilities of using clever strategies for phage selection and tailoring the refinement of antibodies aimed at increasingly specific targets. Moreover, the use of selected antibodies in cutting-edge formats is discussed, such as CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) in CAR T-cell therapy or ADC (antibody drug conjugate), amplifying the spectrum of potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Kaylan Alves França
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.K.A.F.); (M.M.B.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Cabral Studart
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 61773-270, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (M.R.L.B.); (L.Q.P.); (A.M.A.B.); (G.P.F.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus Rafael Lobo Bezerra
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 61773-270, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (M.R.L.B.); (L.Q.P.); (A.M.A.B.); (G.P.F.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Queiroz Pontes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 61773-270, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (M.R.L.B.); (L.Q.P.); (A.M.A.B.); (G.P.F.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcos Aires Barbosa
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 61773-270, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (M.R.L.B.); (L.Q.P.); (A.M.A.B.); (G.P.F.)
- Graduate Program in Applied Informatics, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811-905, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Brigido
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.K.A.F.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Gilvan Pessoa Furtado
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 61773-270, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (M.R.L.B.); (L.Q.P.); (A.M.A.B.); (G.P.F.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Andréa Queiroz Maranhão
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.K.A.F.); (M.M.B.)
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Eaglesham JB, Garcia A, Berkmen M. Production of antibodies in SHuffle Escherichia coli strains. Methods Enzymol 2021; 659:105-144. [PMID: 34752282 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are globally important macromolecules, used for research, diagnostics, and as therapeutics. The common mammalian antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a complex glycosylated macromolecule, composed of two heavy chains and two light chains held together by multiple disulfide bonds. For this reason, IgG and related antibody fragments are usually produced through secretion from mammalian cell lines, such as Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. However, there is growing interest in production of antibodies in prokaryotic systems due to the potential for rapid and cheap production in a highly genetically manipulable system. Research on oxidative protein folding in prokaryotes has enabled engineering of Escherichia coli strains capable of producing IgG and other disulfide bonded proteins in the cytoplasm, known as SHuffle. In this protocol, we provide a review of research on prokaryotic antibody production, guidelines on cloning of antibody expression constructs, conditions for an initial expression and purification experiment, and parameters which may be optimized for increased purification yields. Last, we discuss the limitations of prokaryotic antibody production, and highlight potential future avenues for research on antibody expression and folding.
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Maranhão AQ, Silva HM, da Silva WMC, França RKA, De Leo TC, Dias-Baruffi M, Burtet RT, Brigido MM. Discovering Selected Antibodies From Deep-Sequenced Phage-Display Antibody Library Using ATTILA. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220915240. [PMID: 32425512 PMCID: PMC7218273 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220915240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a powerful technique to select high-affinity antibodies for different purposes, including biopharmaceuticals. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) presented itself as a robust solution, making it possible to assess billions of sequences of the variable domains from selected sublibraries. Handling this process, a central difficulty is to find the selected clones. Here, we present the AutomaTed Tool For Immunoglobulin Analysis (ATTILA), a new tool to analyze and find the enriched variable domains throughout a biopanning experiment. The ATTILA is a workflow that combines publicly available tools and in-house programs and scripts to find the fold-change frequency of deeply sequenced amplicons generated from selected VH and VL domains. We analyzed the same human Fab library NGS data using ATTILA in 5 different experiments, as well as on 2 biopanning experiments regarding performance, accuracy, and output. These analyses proved to be suitable to assess library variability and to list the more enriched variable domains, as ATTILA provides a report with the amino acid sequence of each identified domain, along with its complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), germline classification, and fold change. Finally, the methods employed here demonstrated a suitable manner to combine amplicon generation and NGS data analysis to discover new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Queiroz Maranhão
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidi Muniz Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Waldeyr Mendes Cordeiro da Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,NEPBio, Federal Institute of Goiás, Formosa, Brazil
| | - Renato Kaylan Alves França
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thais Canassa De Leo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Trindade Burtet
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Brigido
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
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