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Low-intensity exercise improves cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in aged female rats with metabolic syndrome. Exp Gerontol 2022; 160:111711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guo F, Han M, Lin S, Ye H, Chen J, Zhu H, Lin W. Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide prevents high- fat diet-induced obesity in hamsters: A NMR-based metabolomic evaluation. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3672-3685. [PMID: 34191277 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP) has been shown to exhibit hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities in various experimental models. Here, an 1 H-NMR-based metabolomic study was conducted to explore the regulatory effects of EP on serum metabolic changes in obese hamsters. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed hamsters were orally administrated with EP (300, 450, or 600 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks. Compared with HFD-fed hamsters, EP treatment (450 and 600 mg/kg) significantly decreased the body weight (by 8.69 and 8.24%), liver weight (by 7.87 and 8.25%), epididymal white adipose tissue (by 19.54 and 17.26%), perirenal white adipose tissue (by 28.09 and 28.94%), serum total cholesterol (by 24.31 and 18.61%), triglyceride (by 30.64 and 31.38%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 38.26 and 36.30%), respectively. In addition, EP intervention also significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol (by 23.20, 38.16, and 34.57%) and triglyceride content (by 17.78, 41.47, and 35.50%) as well as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ALT/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio. The serum samples of normal diet (ND) group, HFD group and HFD + EP 450 mg/kg (HFD + MEP) group were further analyzed by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Compared with ND group, 17 and 2 metabolites were significantly upregulated and downregulated in HFD group, respectively. Interestingly, EP treatment significantly downregulated nine metabolites and upregulated one metabolite when compared to those in HFD group. Our results indicated that EP intervention partially ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction, and the most prominent metabolic pathways included citrate cycle, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, pyruvate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and arginine biosynthesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP), the main active component of Enteromorpha prolifera, is reported to have many biological activities. However, the antiobesity effect of EP and its corresponding metabolic mechanism have not been reported so far. The results of this study confirmed the antiobesity effect of EP on HFD-induced obese hamsters and elucidated its possible metabolic mechanism. Our study highlighted that EP might be used in weight-loss functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China.,Department of Women's Health Care, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Child Health Care, Fuqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, FuQing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiedong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongni Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
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Abstract
Purpose of Review In acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), successful restoration of blood flow in the infarct-related coronary artery may not secure effective myocardial reperfusion. The mortality and morbidity associated with acute MI remain significant. Microvascular obstruction (MVO) represents failed microvascular reperfusion. MVO is under-recognized, independently associated with adverse cardiac prognosis and represents an unmet therapeutic need. Recent Findings Multiple factors including clinical presentation, patient characteristics, biochemical markers, and imaging parameters are associated with MVO after MI. Summary Impaired microvascular reperfusion is common following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). New knowledge about disease mechanisms underpins precision medicine with individualized risk assessment, investigation, and stratified therapy. To date, there are no evidence-based therapies to prevent or treat MVO post-MI. Identifying novel therapy for MVO is the next frontier.
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Pantea-Roșan LR, Pantea VA, Bungau S, Tit DM, Behl T, Vesa CM, Bustea C, Moleriu RD, Rus M, Popescu MI, Turi V, Diaconu CC. No-Reflow after PPCI-A Predictor of Short-Term Outcomes in STEMI Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:2956. [PMID: 32932736 PMCID: PMC7563881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The no-reflow phenomenon following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients is a predictor of unfavorable prognosis. Patients with no-reflow have many complications during admission, and it is considered a marker of short-term mortality. The current research emphasizes the circumstances of the incidence and complications of the no-reflow phenomenon in STEMI patients, including in-hospital mortality. In this case-control study, conducted over two and a half years, there were enrolled 656 patients diagnosed with STEMI and reperfused through PPCI. Several patients (n = 96) developed an interventional type of no-reflow phenomenon. One third of the patients with a no-reflow phenomenon suffered complications during admission, and 14 succumbed. Regarding complications, the majority consisted of arrhythmias (21.68%) and cardiogenic shock (16.67%). The anterior localization of STEMI and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) as a culprit lesion were associated with the highest number of complications during hospitalization. At the same time, the time interval >12 h from the onset of the typical symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI) until revascularization, as well as multiple stents implantations during PPCI, correlated with an increased incidence of short-term complications. The no-reflow phenomenon in patients with STEMI was associated with an unfavorable short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Renata Pantea-Roșan
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (L.R.P.-R.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.)
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Vlad Alin Pantea
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Radu Dumitru Moleriu
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Rus
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (L.R.P.-R.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.)
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Mircea Ioachim Popescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (L.R.P.-R.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.)
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (C.M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Vladiana Turi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 30041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
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Lewicki L, Fijalkowska M, Karwowski M, Siebert K, Redlarski G, Palkowski A, Targonski R, Siebert J. The non-invasive evaluation of heart function in patients with an acute myocardial infarction: The role of impedance cardiography. Cardiol J 2019; 28:77-85. [PMID: 31642052 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze hemodynamic changes in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at an early stage of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and at 1-month follow-up. METHODS Patients with AMI (n = 27) who underwent PCI were analyzed using impedance cardiography (ICG). ICG data were collected continuously (beat by beat) during the whole PCI procedure and thereafter at every 60 s for the next 24 h. Blood pressure was taken every 10 min and stored for analysis. Additionally the following parameters were measured: cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVi), left cardiac work index (LCWi), contractility index (CTi), ventricular ejection time (VET), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRi), thoracic fluid content index (TFCi) and heart rate (HR). RESULTS In the first 24 h after PCI all the contractility parameters including CI, SVi, LCWi, CTi and VET significantly decreased, whereas HR, SVRi and TFCi increased compared to baseline. All of the parameters examined got normalized at 1 month. The CI, SVi, LCWi, CTi, SVRi did not significantly differ from baseline, however the HR and VET were significantly lower compared to first day after PCI CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac performance deteriorates early after PCI and normalizes after 1 month in patients with an AMI. ICG is useful for hemodynamic monitoring of AMI patients during and after invasive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Lewicki
- University Center for Cardiology, Dębinki 2, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | | | - Konrad Siebert
- University Center for Cardiology, Dębinki 2, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Redlarski
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksander Palkowski
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Siebert
- University Center for Cardiology, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland, Poland
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yong C, Mao Y. Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha Prolifera Ameliorate Acute Myocardial Infarction in Vitro and in Vivo via Up-Regulating HIF-1α. Int Heart J 2019; 60:964-973. [PMID: 31257333 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious heart disease and the main reason for heart failure and sudden death worldwide. This study investigated the effects of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera (PEP) on AMI in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms.Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMVEC) were cultured in vitro in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) environment to induce injury. The viability and apoptosis of HCMVEC were then detected using CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Cell transfection was conducted to reduce the expression of HIF-1α. Expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, MEK/ERK, and the NF-κB and mTOR pathways were evaluated using Western blotting. In vivo, Wistar rats were pre-treated by PEP and AMI was induced. The infarct size and cardiac functions (LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS) were measured.In vitro, PEP treatment significantly protected HCMVEC from OGD-induced viability loss, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine expression, and autophagy. Moreover, PEP enhanced the expression of HIF-1α in HCMVEC via the MEK/ERK pathway. HIF-1α participated in the protective effects of PEP on OGD-treated HCMVEC. Furthermore, PEP attenuated OGD-induced NF-κB pathway activation and promoted the mTOR pathway in HCMVEC. In vivo, PEP pre-treatment reduced the infarct size and enhanced the LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS of rats via up-regulation of HIF-1α.PEP ameliorated AMI in vitro and in vivo through up-regulation of HIF-1α. In vitro, PEP could activate the MEK/ERK and mTOR pathways, but inactivate the NF-κB pathway in OGD-treated HCMVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Chunming Yong
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
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Chavez LO, Leon M, Einav S, Varon J. Editor's Choice- Inside the cold heart: A review of therapeutic hypothermia cardioprotection. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2016; 6:130-141. [PMID: 26714973 DOI: 10.1177/2048872615624242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted temperature management has been originally used to reduce neurological injury and improve outcome in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Myocardial infarction remains a major cause of death in the world and several investigators are studying the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia during an acute cardiac ischemic injury. A search on MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE databases was conducted to obtain data regarding the cardioprotective properties of therapeutic hypothermia. Preclinical studies have shown that therapeutic hypothermia provides a cardioprotective effect in animals. The proposed pathways for the cardioprotective effects of therapeutic hypothermia include stabilization of mitochondrial permeability, production of nitric oxide, equilibration of reactive oxygen species, and calcium channels homeostasis. Clinical trials in humans have yielded controversial results. Current trials are therefore seeking to combine therapeutic hypothermia with other treatment modalities in order to improve the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic injury. This article provides a review of the hypothermia effects on the cardiovascular system, from the basic science of physiological changes in the human body and molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection to the bench of clinical trials with therapeutic hypothermia in patients with acute ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Chavez
- 1 University General Hospital, Houston, USA.,2 Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Monica Leon
- 1 University General Hospital, Houston, USA.,3 Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sharon Einav
- 4 Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hadassah-Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:92-100. [PMID: 23281415 DOI: 10.1172/jci62874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1691] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. In patients with MI, the treatment of choice for reducing acute myocardial ischemic injury and limiting MI size is timely and effective myocardial reperfusion using either thombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). However, the process of reperfusion can itself induce cardiomyocyte death, known as myocardial reperfusion injury, for which there is still no effective therapy. A number of new therapeutic strategies currently under investigation for preventing myocardial reperfusion injury have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute MI treated with PPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
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9
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Wu KC. CMR of microvascular obstruction and hemorrhage in myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012; 14:68. [PMID: 23021401 PMCID: PMC3514126 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular obstruction (MO) or no-reflow phenomenon is an established complication of coronary reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. It is increasingly recognized as a poor prognostic indicator and marker of subsequent adverse LV remodeling. Although MO can be assessed using various imaging modalities including electrocardiography, myocardial contrast echocardiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and coronary angiography, evaluation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is particularly useful in enhancing its detection, diagnosis, and quantification, as well as following its subsequent effects on infarct evolution and healing. MO assessment has become a routine component of the CMR evaluation of acute myocardial infarction and will increasingly play a role in clinical trials of adjunctive reperfusion agents and strategies. This review will summarize the pathophysiology of MO, current CMR approaches to diagnosis, clinical implications, and future directions needed for improving our understanding of this common clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street/Carnegie 568, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Weaver JC, Rees D, Prasan AM, Ramsay DD, Binnekamp MF, McCrohon JA. Grade 3 ischemia on the admission electrocardiogram is associated with severe microvascular injury on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after ST elevation myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 2011; 44:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Atar D, Petzelbauer P, Schwitter J, Huber K, Rensing B, Kasprzak JD, Butter C, Grip L, Hansen PR, Süselbeck T, Clemmensen PM, Marin-Galiano M, Geudelin B, Buser PT. Effect of intravenous FX06 as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction results of the F.I.R.E. (Efficacy of FX06 in the Prevention of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:720-9. [PMID: 19232907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate whether FX06 would limit infarct size when given as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention. BACKGROUND FX06, a naturally occurring peptide derived from human fibrin, has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in animal models by mitigating reperfusion injury. METHODS In all, 234 patients presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were randomized in 26 centers. FX06 or matching placebo was given as intravenous bolus at reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed 5 days after myocardial infarction by late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes included size of necrotic core zone and microvascular obstruction at 5 days, infarct size at 4 months, left ventricular function, troponin I levels, and safety. RESULTS There were no baseline differences between groups. On day 5, there was no significant difference in total late gadolinium enhanced zone in the FX06 group compared with placebo (reduction by 21%; p = 0.207). The necrotic core zone, however, was significantly reduced by 58% (median 1.77 g [interquartile range 0.0, 9.09 g] vs. 4.20 g [interquartile range 0.3, 9.93 g]; p < 0.025). There were no significant differences in troponin I levels (at 48 h, -17% in the FX06 group). After 4 months, there were no longer significant differences in scar size. There were numerically fewer serious cardiac events in the FX06-treated group, and no differences in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In this proof-of-concept trial, FX06 reduced the necrotic core zone as one measure of infarct size on magnetic resonance imaging, while total late enhancement was not significantly different between groups. The drug appears safe and well tolerated. (Efficacy of FX06 in the Prevention of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury [F.I.R.E.]; NCT00326976).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Atar
- Division of Cardiology and Faculty of Medicine, Aker University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Weaver JC, McCrohon JA. Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI in myocardial infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2008; 17:290-8. [PMID: 18294909 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C Weaver
- Department of Cardiology, St George Hospital, Level 1, Clinical Services Building, Gray St Kogarah, Sydney 2217, Australia.
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13
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Sato T, Marbán E. The role of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2001; 107:233. [PMID: 22167343 PMCID: PMC3252036 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory intramyocardial (micro)vasculature plays an important role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Currently, inhibition of serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receives a lot of interest as an anti-hyperglycemic therapy in type 2 diabetes patients. However, DPP4 also possesses anti-thrombotic properties and may behave as an immobilized anti-coagulant on endothelial cells. Here, we studied the expression and activity of endothelial DPP4 in human myocardial infarction in relation to a prothrombogenic endothelial phenotype. Using (immuno)histochemistry, DPP4 expression and activity were found on the endothelium of intramyocardial blood vessels in autopsied control hearts (n = 9). Within the infarction area of AMI patients (n = 73), this DPP4 expression and activity were significantly decreased, coinciding with an increase in Tissue Factor expression. In primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Western blot analysis and digital imaging fluorescence microscopy revealed that DPP4 expression was strongly decreased after metabolic inhibition, also coinciding with Tissue Factor upregulation. Interestingly, inhibition of DPP4 activity with diprotin A also enhanced the amount of Tissue Factor encountered and induced the adherence of platelets under flow conditions. Ischemia induces loss of coronary microvascular endothelial DPP4 expression and increased Tissue Factor expression in AMI as well as in vitro in HUVECs. Our data suggest that the loss of DPP4 activity affects the anti-thrombogenic nature of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of Physiology, Oita Medical University, Japan.
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