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Sun Q, Jiang N, Yao R, Song Y, Li Z, Wang W, Chen J, Guo W. An agonist of the adenosine A 2A receptor, CGS21680, promotes corneal epithelial wound healing via the YAP signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3779-3795. [PMID: 38877785 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the eye; however, the role of the A2AR signalling in corneal epithelial wound healing is not known. Here, the expression, therapeutic effects and signalling mechanism of A2AR in corneal epithelial wound healing were investigated using the A2AR agonist CGS21680. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A2AR localization and expression during wound healing in the murine cornea were determined by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The effect of CGS21680 on corneal epithelial wound healing in the lesioned corneal and cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs) by modulating cellular proliferation and migration was critically evaluated. The role of Hippo-YAP signalling in mediating the CGS21680 effect on wound healing by pharmacological inhibition of YAP signalling was explored. KEY RESULTS A2AR expression was up-regulated after corneal epithelial injury. Topical administration of CGS21680 dose-dependently promoted corneal epithelial wound healing in the injured corneal epithelium by promoting cellular proliferation. Furthermore, CGS21680 accelerated the cellular proliferation and migration of hCECs in vitro. A2AR activation promoted early up-regulation and later down-regulation of YAP signalling molecules, and pharmacological inhibition of YAP signalling reverted CGS21680-mediated wound healing effect in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS A2AR activation promotes wound healing by enhancing cellular proliferation and migration through the YAP signalling pathway. A2ARs play an important role in the maintenance of corneal epithelium integrity and may represent a novel therapeutic target for facilitating corneal epithelial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Sun
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Yao
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zewen Li
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Marín-Castejón A, Marco-Bonilla M, Terencio MC, Arasa J, Carceller MC, Ferrandiz ML, Noguera MA, Andrés-Ejarque R, Montesinos MC. Adenosine A 2B receptor agonist improves epidermal barrier integrity in a murine model of epidermal hyperplasia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116401. [PMID: 38460363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine regulates multiple physiological processes through the activation of four receptor subtypes, of which the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity for adenosine. Being the adenosine receptor subtype most prominently expressed in epidermis, we recently described the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of the selective A2BAR agonist BAY60-6583 (BAY) in human keratinocytes stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), so we sought to establish the effect of topical application of BAY in a model of murine epidermal hyperplasia. Topical application of BAY (1 or 10 μg/site) prevented the inflammatory reaction and skin lesions induced by TPA, minimizing hyperproliferation and acanthosis, as well as the expression of specific markers of proliferative keratinocytes. On the other hand, pre-treatment with the selective A2BAR antagonist, PSB-1115 (PSB, 5 or 50 μg/site) reversed these beneficial effects. Additionally, BAY application normalized the expression of epidermal barrier proteins, whose integrity is altered in inflammatory skin diseases, while treatment with the antagonist alone worsened it. Our results, besides confirming the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the A2BAR agonist, further demonstrate a role of A2BAR activation to preserve the epidermal barrier. Therefore, the activation of A2BAR may constitute a possible new pharmacological target for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Marín-Castejón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Marco-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terencio
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Carceller
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Ferrandiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Antonia Noguera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés-Ejarque
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - M Carmen Montesinos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Bhattacharya D, Górska-Andrzejak J, Abaquita TAL, Pyza E. Effects of adenosine receptor overexpression and silencing in neurons and glial cells on lifespan, fitness, and sleep of Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Brain Res 2023:10.1007/s00221-023-06649-y. [PMID: 37335362 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A single adenosine receptor gene (dAdoR) has been detected in Drosophila melanogaster. However, its function in different cell types of the nervous system is mostly unknown. Therefore, we overexpressed or silenced the dAdoR gene in eye photoreceptors, all neurons, or glial cells and examined the fitness of flies, the amount and daily pattern of sleep, and the influence of dAdoR silencing on Bruchpilot (BRP) presynaptic protein. Furthermore, we examined the dAdoR and brp gene expression in young and old flies. We found that a higher level of dAdoR in the retina photoreceptors, all neurons, and glial cells negatively influenced the survival rate and lifespan of male and female Drosophila in a cell-dependent manner and to a different extent depending on the age of the flies. In old flies, expression of both dAdoR and brp was higher than in young ones. An excess of dAdoR in neurons improved climbing in older individuals. It also influenced sleep by lengthening nighttime sleep and siesta. In turn, silencing of dAdoR decreased the lifespan of flies, although it increased the survival rate of young flies. It hindered the climbing of older males and females, but did not change sleep. Silencing also affected the daily pattern of BRP abundance, especially when dAdoR expression was decreased in glial cells. The obtained results indicate the role of adenosine and dAdoR in the regulation of fitness in flies that is based on communication between neurons and glial cells, and the effect of glial cells on synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Tian Y, Xia J, Yang G, Li C, Qi Y, Dai K, Wu C, Guo Y, Yao W, Hao C. A2aR inhibits fibrosis and the EMT process in silicosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114410. [PMID: 36516619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis, a disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of the lung tissue, is caused by long-term inhalation of free silica (SiO2) dust in the occupational environment and is currently the most serious occupational diseases of pneumoconiosis. Several studies have suggested that alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells (AEC Ⅱ) undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as one of the crucial components of silicosis in lung fibroblasts. A2aR can play a critical regulatory role in fibrosis-related diseases by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but its function in the EMT process of silicosis has not been explained. In this study, an EMT model of A549 cells was established. The results revealed that A2aR expression is reduced in the EMT model. Furthermore, activation of A2aR or suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reversed the EMT process, while the opposite result was obtained by inhibiting A2aR. In addition, activation of A2aR in a mouse silicosis model inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and ameliorated the extent of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice. To sum up, we uncovered that A2aR inhibits fibrosis and the EMT process in silicosis by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study can provide an experimental basis for elucidating the role of A2aR in the development of silicosis and offer new ideas for further exploration of interventions for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jiarui Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Guo Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yuanmeng Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Kai Dai
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yonghua Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue5, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
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5
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Kurago Z, Loveless J. Microbial Colonization and Inflammation as Potential Contributors to the Lack of Therapeutic Success in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:739499. [PMID: 35048056 PMCID: PMC8757816 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.739499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the microenvironment of evolving and established conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma, by far the most common oral cancer. The focus of this paper is mainly on the more recent data that describe the role of microorganisms, host-microbial interactions, and in particular, the contributions of cell-surface toll-like receptors on immune system cells and on normal and malignant epithelial cells to their functions that support carcinogenesis. Because carcinomas arising at various host surfaces share much in common, additional information available from studies of other carcinomas is included in the discussion. Accumulating evidence reveals the complex toll-like receptor-mediated tumor-supporting input into many aspects of carcinogenesis via malignant cells, stromal immune cells and non-immune cells, complicating the search for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Kurago
- Augusta University Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jenni Loveless
- Augusta University Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
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6
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe LJ, Janse van Rensburg HD. Exploration of chalcones and related heterocycle compounds as ligands of adenosine receptors: therapeutics development. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1779-1821. [PMID: 34176057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian body where they are involved in an extensive list of physiological and pathological processes that scientists have only begun to decipher. Resultantly, AR agonists and antagonists have been the focus of multiple drug design and development programmes within the past few decades. Considered to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the chalcone framework has attracted a substantial amount of interest in this regard. Due to the potential liabilities associated with its structure, however, it has become necessary to explore other potentially promising compounds, such as heterocycles, which have successfully been obtained from chalcone precursors in the past. This review aims to summarise the emerging therapeutic importance of adenosine receptors and their ligands, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), while highlighting chalcone and heterocyclic derivatives as promising AR ligand lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.,Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.
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7
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Abstract
Extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides have widespread functions in responding to physiological stress. The "purinome" encompasses 4 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for adenosine, 8 GPCRs activated by nucleotides, 7 adenosine 5'-triphosphate-gated P2X ion channels, as well as the associated enzymes and transporters that regulate native agonist levels. Purinergic signaling modulators, such as receptor agonists and antagonists, have potential for treating chronic pain. Adenosine and its analogues potently suppress nociception in preclinical models by activating A1 and/or A3 adenosine receptors (ARs), but safely harnessing this pathway to clinically treat pain has not been achieved. Both A2AAR agonists and antagonists are efficacious in pain models. Highly selective A3AR agonists offer a novel approach to treat chronic pain. We have explored the structure activity relationship of nucleoside derivatives at this subtype using a computational structure-based approach. Novel A3AR agonists for pain control containing a bicyclic ring system (bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane) in place of ribose were designed and screened using an in vivo phenotypic model, which reflected both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. High specificity (>10,000-fold selective for A3AR) was achieved with the aid of receptor homology models based on related GPCR structures. These A3AR agonists are well tolerated in vivo and highly efficacious in models of chronic neuropathic pain. Furthermore, signaling molecules acting at P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12Rs play critical roles in maladaptive pain neuroplasticity, and their antagonists reduce chronic or inflammatory pain, and, therefore, purine receptor modulation is a promising approach for future pain therapeutics. Structurally novel antagonists for these nucleotide receptors were discovered recently.
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8
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Valls MD, Soldado M, Arasa J, Perez-Aso M, Williams AJ, Cronstein BN, Noguera MA, Terencio MC, Montesinos MC. Annexin A2-Mediated Plasminogen Activation in Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Proangiogenic Effect of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654104. [PMID: 33986681 PMCID: PMC8111221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor mediates the promotion of wound healing and revascularization of injured tissue, in healthy and animals with impaired wound healing, through a mechanism depending upon tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a component of the fibrinolytic system. In order to evaluate the contribution of plasmin generation in the proangiogenic effect of adenosine A2A receptor activation, we determined the expression and secretion of t-PA, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and annexin A2 by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by the selective agonist CGS-21680. The plasmin generation was assayed through an enzymatic assay and the proangiogenic effect was studied using an endothelial tube formation assay in Matrigel. Adenosine A2A receptor activation in endothelial cells diminished the release of PAI-1 and promoted the production of annexin A2, which acts as a cell membrane co-receptor for plasminogen and its activator tPA. Annexin A2 mediated the increased cell membrane-associated plasmin generation in adenosine A2A receptor agonist treated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and is required for tube formation in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which adenosine A2A receptor activation promotes angiogenesis: increased endothelial expression of annexin A2, which, in turn, promotes fibrinolysis by binding tPA and plasminogen to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Valls
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Soldado
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Perez-Aso
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adrienne J Williams
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Medical Science Building, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Antonia Noguera
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terencio
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Montesinos
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Wound Healing and Cancer Treatment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasma medicine is gaining increasing attention and is moving from basic research into clinical practice. While areas of application are diverse, much research has been conducted assessing the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) in wound healing and cancer treatment—two applications with entirely different goals. In wound healing, a tissue-stimulating effect is intended, whereas cancer therapy aims at killing malignant cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest clinical and some preclinical research on the efficacy of CAP in wound healing and cancer therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the current understanding of molecular signaling mechanisms triggered by CAP that grant CAP its antiseptic and tissue regenerating or anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing properties. For the efficacy of CAP in wound healing, already substantial evidence from clinical studies is available, while evidence for therapeutic effects of CAP in oncology is mainly from in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Efforts to elucidate the mode of action of CAP suggest that different components, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, electromagnetic fields, and reactive species, may act synergistically, with reactive species being regarded as the major effector by modulating complex and concentration-dependent redox signaling pathways.
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10
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Al-Attraqchi OH, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nair A, Al-Attraqchi NH. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Potential Drug Target - Current Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2716-2740. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a class of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by
the endogenous substance adenosine. ARs are classified into 4 subtype receptors, namely, the A1, A2A, A2B and A3
receptors. The wide distribution and expression of the ARs in various body tissues as well as the roles they have
in controlling different functions in the body make them potential drug targets for the treatment of various pathological
conditions, such as cardiac diseases, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation and glaucoma. Therefore,
in the past decades, there have been extensive investigations of ARs with a high number of agonists and antagonists
identified that can interact with these receptors. This review shall discuss the A2A receptor (A2AAR) subtype
of the ARs. The structure, properties and the recent advances in the therapeutic potential of the receptor are discussed
with an overview of the recent advances in the methods of studying the receptor. Also, molecular modeling
approaches utilized in the design of A2AAR ligands are highlighted with various recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30983976 PMCID: PMC6447611 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body’s response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30983976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body's response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1591-1625. [PMID: 29848236 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid generation of adenosine from cellular metabolism, and the widespread distribution of its receptor subtypes in almost all organs and tissues, this nucleoside induces a multitude of physiopathological effects, regulating central nervous, cardiovascular, peripheral, and immune systems. It is becoming clear that the expression patterns of adenosine receptors vary among cell types, lending weight to the idea that they may be both markers of pathologies and useful targets for novel drugs. This review offers an overview of current knowledge on adenosine receptors, including their characteristic structural features, molecular interactions and cellular functions, as well as their essential roles in pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we highlight the latest findings on molecules capable of targeting adenosine receptors and report which stage of drug development they have reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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14
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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15
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Identification of Candidate Genes Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance, Incremental Feature Selection, and the Shortest-Path Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5741948. [PMID: 28293637 PMCID: PMC5331171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5741948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of disease genes is a hot topic in biomedicine and genomics. However, it is a challenging problem because of the complexity of diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. It has been proven to be associated with the development of intestinal malignancies. Although the specific pathological characteristics and genetic background of IBD have been partially revealed, it is still an overdetermined disease and the blueprint of all genetic variants still needs to be improved. In this study, a novel computational method was built to identify genes related to IBD. Samples from two subtypes of IBD (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and normal samples were employed. By analyzing the gene expression profiles of these samples using minimum redundancy maximum relevance and incremental feature selection, 21 genes were obtained that could effectively distinguish samples from the two subtypes of IBD and the normal samples. Then, the shortest-path approach was used to search for an additional 20 genes in a large network constructed using protein-protein interactions based on the above-mentioned 21 genes. Analyses of the 41 genes obtained indicate that they are closely associated with this disease.
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16
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Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors Differentially Modulate Keratinocyte Proliferation: Possible Deregulation in Psoriatic Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Truong LD, Trostel J, McMahan R, Chen JF, Garcia GE. Macrophage A2A Adenosine Receptors Are Essential to Protect from Progressive Kidney Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2601-13. [PMID: 27520357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A2A adenosine receptors (A2ARs) are endogenous inhibitor of inflammation. Macrophages that are key effectors of kidney disease progression express A2ARs. We investigated the role of A2ARs in kidney inflammation in a macrophage-mediated anti-glomerular basement membrane reactive serum-induced immune nephritis in A2AR-deficient mice. Sub-threshold doses of glomerular basement membrane-reactive serum induced more severe and prolonged kidney damage with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and greater accumulation of inflammatory cells in A2AR(-/-) mice than wild-type (WT) mice. To investigate the role of macrophage A2AR in progressive kidney injury, glomerulonephritis was induced in CD11b-DTR transgenic mice. Macrophages were selectively depleted in the established phase of the disease and reconstituted with macrophages from WT or A2AR-deficient mice and then treated with an A2AR agonist. In mice receiving WT macrophages and treated with an A2AR agonist, the glomerular cellularity, crescent formation, sclerotic glomeruli, and tubulointerstitial injury were significantly reduced compared with the control group. In contrast, in mice reconstituted with A2AR-deficient macrophages and treated with an A2AR agonist, the kidney injury was more severe with increased deposition of collagen I, III, and IV. These findings suggest that disruption of the protective A2AR amplifies inflammation to accelerate glomerular damage and endogenous macrophage A2ARs are essential to protect from progressive kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan D Truong
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology, Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica Trostel
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel McMahan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriela E Garcia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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18
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Hamidzadeh K, Mosser DM. Purinergic Signaling to Terminate TLR Responses in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2016; 7:74. [PMID: 26973651 PMCID: PMC4773587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo profound physiological alterations when they encounter pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These alterations can result in the elaboration of cytokines and mediators that promote immune responses and contribute to the clearance of pathogens. These innate immune responses by myeloid cells are transient. The termination of these secretory responses is not due to the dilution of stimuli, but rather to the active downregulation of innate responses induced by the very PAMPs that initiated them. Here, we describe a purinergic autoregulatory program whereby TLR-stimulated macrophages control their activation state. In this program, TLR-stimulated macrophages undergo metabolic alterations that result in the production of ATP and its release through membrane pannexin channels. This purine nucleotide is rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectoenzymes on the macrophage surface, CD39 and CD73. Adenosine then signals through the P1 class of seven transmembrane receptors to induce a regulatory state that is characterized by the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. This purinergic autoregulatory system mitigates the collateral damage that would be caused by the prolonged activation of macrophages and rather allows the macrophage to maintain homeostasis. The transient activation of macrophages can be prolonged by treating macrophages with IFN-γ. IFN-γ-treated macrophages become less sensitive to the regulatory effects of adenosine, allowing them to sustain macrophage activation for the duration of an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, The Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, The Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Varani K. Adenosine as a Multi-Signalling Guardian Angel in Human Diseases: When, Where and How Does it Exert its Protective Effects? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:419-434. [PMID: 26944097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of adenosine for human health cannot be overstated. Indeed, this ubiquitous nucleoside is an integral component of ATP, and regulates the function of every tissue and organ in the body. Acting via receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms [the former mediated via four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), A1, A2A, A2B, and A3,], it has a significant role in protecting against cell damage in areas of increased tissue metabolism, and combating organ dysfunction in numerous pathological states. Accordingly, raised levels of adenosine have been demonstrated in epilepsy, ischaemia, pain, inflammation, and cancer, in which its behaviour can be likened to that of a guardian angel, even though there are instances in which overproduction of adenosine is pathological. In this review, we condense the current body of knowledge on the issue, highlighting when, where, and how adenosine exerts its protective effects in both the brain and the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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