1
|
Salimi Z, Afsharinasab M, Rostami M, Eshaghi Milasi Y, Mousavi Ezmareh SF, Sakhaei F, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Iron chelators: as therapeutic agents in diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2759-2776. [PMID: 38694398 PMCID: PMC11060230 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The concentration of iron is tightly regulated, making it an essential element. Various cellular processes in the body rely on iron, such as oxygen sensing, oxygen transport, electron transfer, and DNA synthesis. Iron excess can be toxic because it participates in redox reactions that catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species and elevate oxidative stress. Iron chelators are chemically diverse; they can coordinate six ligands in an octagonal sequence. Because of the ability of chelators to trap essential metals, including iron, they may be involved in diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Iron-chelating agents, by tightly binding to iron, prohibit it from functioning as a catalyst in redox reactions and transfer iron and excrete it from the body. Thus, the use of iron chelators as therapeutic agents has received increasing attention. This review investigates the function of various iron chelators in treating iron overload in different clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Mehdi Afsharinasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Yaser Eshaghi Milasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Ezmareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Fariba Sakhaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Falb T, Heidinger A, Wallisch F, Tomasic H, Ivastinovic D, Lindner M, Tiefenthaller F, Keintzel L, Hoeflechner L, Riedl R, Hommer A, Lindner E. Postoperative Pain after Different Transscleral Laser Cyclophotocoagulation Procedures. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2666. [PMID: 36768032 PMCID: PMC9915327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the number of surgical options in glaucoma treatment is continuously rising, evidence regarding distinctive features of these surgeries is becoming more and more important for clinicians to choose the right surgical treatment for each individual patient. METHODS For this retrospective data analysis, we included glaucoma patients treated with either continuous wave (CW-TSCPC) or micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) in an inpatient setting. Pain intensity was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain) during hospitalization. CW-TSCPC was performed using OcuLight® Six (IRIDEX Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA) and MP-TSCPC was performed using the IRIDEX® Cyclo-G6 System (IRIDEX Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA). RESULTS A total of 243 consecutive cases of TSCPC were included. Of these, 144 (59.26%) were treated with CW-TSCPC and 99 (40.74%) with MP-TSCPC. Using the univariable model, the risk for postoperative pain was observed to be lower in MP-TSCPC compared with CW-TSCPC (unadjusted: OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.84, p = 0.017), but this did not hold using the multivariable model (adjusted: OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-1.02, p = 0.056). Simultaneously conducted anterior retinal cryotherapy was associated with a higher risk for postoperative pain (OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.01-9.69, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that the occurrence of postoperative pain was not different in CW-TSCPC compared with MP-TSCPC in a multivariable model. In cases of simultaneous anterior retinal cryotherapy, the risk for postoperative pain was significantly higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Falb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Heidinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabian Wallisch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hrvoje Tomasic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marlene Lindner
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lukas Keintzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Hoeflechner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Riedl
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Hommer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanatorium Hera, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Lindner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paar M, Seifried K, Cvirn G, Buchmann A, Khalil M, Oettl K. Redox State of Human Serum Albumin in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415806. [PMID: 36555448 PMCID: PMC9779316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Like in many other pathologies, oxidative stress is involved in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the main protein in different body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). By its redox state in terms of cysteine-34, albumin serves as marker for oxidative burden. We aimed to evaluate the redox state of HSA in patients with multiple sclerosis in serum and CSF in comparison to controls to identify possible correlations with disease activity and severity. Samples were stored at -70 °C until analysis by HPLC for the determination of albumin redox state in terms of the fractions of human mercaptalbumin (HMA), human nonmercaptalbumin1 (HNA1), and human nonmercaptalbumin2 (HNA2). Albumin in CSF showed significantly higher fractions of the reduced form HMA and decreased HNA1 and HNA2. There was no difference between albumin redox states in serum of patients and controls. In CSF of patients HNA2 showed a trend to higher fractions compared to controls. Albumin redox state in serum was associated with physical disability in remission while albumin redox state in CSF was related to disease activity. Thus, albumin redox state in serum and CSF of patients in relation to disease condition merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margret Paar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Seifried
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arabella Buchmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.O.); Tel.: +43-(0)316-385-30313 (M.K.); +43-(0)316-385-72121 (K.O.)
| | - Karl Oettl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.O.); Tel.: +43-(0)316-385-30313 (M.K.); +43-(0)316-385-72121 (K.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He C, Zhang G, Fu J, Zhang R, Li A, Liu D, Li B, Chen Y, Deng B, Chen Y, Shuai P, Lu F, De Sousa DP. Clinical Significance of Albumin- and Bilirubin-Based Biomarkers in Glaucoma: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35281459 PMCID: PMC8916859 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8063651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of global blindness. The etiology of glaucoma is complicated. In addition to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), several other mechanisms have been implicated in pathogenesis, such as oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Serum albumin (ALB) and bilirubin (BIL) have been reported to have potent antioxidant properties and contribute to maintain redox homeostasis in various diseases. However, associations between these parameters and glaucoma remain mostly unknown. Here, we conducted a retrospective case-control study, revealing that serum ALB, total BIL (TBIL), and indirect BIL (IBIL) levels were markedly lower in glaucoma patients than those in healthy controls. Furthermore, the neutrophil-to-ALB (NAR), neutrophil-to-TBIL (NTBR), and neutrophil-to-IBIL (NIBR) ratios were greatly higher in glaucoma. Additionally, interestingly, lower ALB and BIL levels and higher NAR, NTBR, and NIBR were associated with severer glaucomatous visual impairment, and NAR, NTBR, and NIBR showed good accuracy as diagnostic tests for glaucoma severity, suggesting these indices might be useful as discriminative biomarkers for disease severity. Our current findings demonstrate associations between ALB, BIL, NAR, NTBR, NIBL, and glaucoma. It might be useful to use NAR, NTBR, and NIBR as predictive markers for disease severity and employ ALB/BIL as alternative therapy or adjuvant medicines in glaucoma patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan HP, Liu R. Efficacy of Nimodipine Combined with Latanoprost in Treating Open-Angle Glaucoma and Its Influence on Ocular Hemodynamics and Visual Field Defects. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:749-757. [PMID: 35340339 PMCID: PMC8956248 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s352876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Open-angle glaucoma is a common ophthalmic disease, which has a great impact on the vision of middle-aged and elderly people. Medication plays an important role in the treatment of glaucoma, so finding effective drug treatment is of great significance to improve the quality of life of glaucoma patients. Objective To explore the curative effect of nimodipine combined with latanoprost in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and its effect on ocular hemodynamics and visual field defects. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 87 patients with open-angle glaucoma who came to the Shanxi Province Fenyang Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Datong University for treatment from January 2019 to January 2021. According to different treatment plans, the patients were divided into two groups: an observation group (n = 46) treated with nimodipine combined with latanoprost, and a control group (n = 41) treated by latanoprost monotherapy. Treatment efficacy, hemodynamics, visual field defects, 24-hour peak intraocular pressure, binocular optic disc parameters, adverse reactions and quality of life were recorded and compared between two groups of patients. Results The overall therapeutic effect of the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group. After treatment, ocular hemodynamics, visual field defects, 24-hour peak intraocular pressure, binocular optic disc parameters and life quality of both groups were obviously improved compared to those before treatment, with more significant improvements in the observation group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Nimodipine combined with latanoprost eye drops is effective in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma, which could effectively improve the ocular hemodynamics and visual field defects of patients with fewer adverse reactions and higher safety. Therefore, it can be further promoted and used in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Province Fenyang Hospital, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hui-Ping Duan, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Province Fenyang Hospital, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13037099450, Email
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037000, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samelska K, Zaleska-Żmijewska A, Bałan B, Grąbczewski A, Szaflik JP, Kubiak AJ, Skopiński P. Immunological and molecular basics of the primary open angle glaucoma pathomechanism. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:111-117. [PMID: 33897292 PMCID: PMC8056342 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a degenerative process of the optic nerve. Increased intraocular pressure is believed to be the main factor leading to the glaucomatous damage. The in vitro and in vivo animal glaucoma research models provide insight into the molecular changes in the retina in response to the injury factor. The damage is a complex process incorporating molecular and immunological changes. Such changes involve NF kB activity and complement activation. The processes affect the human antigen, JNK, MAPK, p53, MT2 and DBA/2J molecular pathways, activate the autophagy processes and compromise neuroprotective mechanisms. Activation and inhibition of immunological responses contribute to cell injury. The immunological mechanisms of glaucomatous degeneration include glial response, the complement, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) pathways and toll-like receptors athways. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are factors contributing to cell death in glaucoma. The authors present an up-to-date review of the mechanisms involved and update on research focusing on a possible innovative glaucoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Samelska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zaleska-Żmijewska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bałan
- Department of Immunology Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Paweł Szaflik
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Skopiński
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashok A, Singh N, Chaudhary S, Bellamkonda V, Kritikos AE, Wise AS, Rana N, McDonald D, Ayyagari R. Retinal Degeneration and Alzheimer's Disease: An Evolving Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7290. [PMID: 33023198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are degenerative conditions of the retina and a significant cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementia of the elderly, is often associated with AMD and glaucoma. The cardinal features of AD include extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Neuroinflammation and brain iron dyshomeostasis accompany Aβ and p-tau deposits and, together, lead to progressive neuronal death and dementia. The accumulation of Aβ and iron in drusen, the hallmark of AMD, and Aβ and p-tau in retinal ganglion cells (RGC), the main retinal cell type implicated in glaucoma, and accompanying inflammation suggest overlapping pathology. Visual abnormalities are prominent in AD and are believed to develop before cognitive decline. Some are caused by degeneration of the visual cortex, while others are due to RGC loss or AMD-associated retinal degeneration. Here, we review recent information on Aβ, p-tau, chronic inflammation, and iron dyshomeostasis as common pathogenic mechanisms linking the three degenerative conditions, and iron chelation as a common therapeutic option for these disorders. Additionally discussed is the role of prion protein, infamous for prion disorders, in Aβ-mediated toxicity and, paradoxically, in neuroprotection.
Collapse
|