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Vilkeviciute A, Pileckaite E, Bruzaite A, Cebatoriene D, Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene G, Kriauciuniene L, Zaliuniene D, Liutkeviciene R. Evaluating TAB2, IKBKB, and IKBKG Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Protein Levels and Their Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Treatment Efficiency. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:2072. [PMID: 39768951 PMCID: PMC11677027 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness, affecting millions worldwide. Its pathogenesis involves the death of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), followed by photoreceptor degeneration. Although AMD is multifactorial, various genetic markers are strongly associated with the disease and may serve as biomarkers for evaluating treatment efficacy. This study investigates TAB2 rs237025, IKBKB rs13278372, and IKBKG rs2472395 variants and their respective serum protein concentrations in relation to AMD occurrence and exudative AMD treatment response to anti-VEGF treatment. Materials and Methods: The case-control study involved 961 individuals, and they were divided into three groups: control, early AMD, and exudative AM patients. Genotyping of selected SNPs were conducted using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR). Based on the clinical OCT and BCVA data, patients with exudative AMD were categorized into one of two groups: responders and non-responders. The data obtained were analyzed using the "IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0" software program. Results: Our study revealed that TAB2 rs237025 allele A was identified as a risk factor for early and exudative AMD development. The same associations remained only in females with exudative AMD but not in males, suggesting gender-specific pathogenetic pathways in exudative AMD. Analysis of IKBKB rs13278372 or serum IKBKB protein associations with early or exudative AMD occurrence in the Lithuanian population revealed no significant associations. On the other hand, we found that each A allele of IKBKB rs13278372 was associated with a worse response to anti-VEGF treatment (OR = 0.347; 95% CI: 0.145-0.961; p = 0.041). These results suggest a potential marker for future studies evaluating anti-VEGF treatment for exudative AMD patients. IKBKG rs2472395 was a protective variant for early AMD in males and for exudative AMD in females only. Also, IKBKG protein concentration was lower in exudative AMD relative to the control group (median (IQR): 0.442 (0.152) vs. 0.538 (0.337), p = 0.015). Moreover, exudative AMD patients who carry the GG genotype of IKBKG rs2472394 exhibited significantly reduced serum IKBKG concentrations compared to the controls (median (IQR): 0.434 (0.199) vs. 0.603 (0.335), p = 0.012), leading to the hypothesis that the IKBKG rs2472394 variant might play a role in protein concentration differences and exudative AMD development. Conclusions: Our study identified the TAB2 rs237025 allele A as a significant risk factor for both early and exudative AMD, with gender-specific associations observed in females with exudative AMD, suggesting distinct pathogenetic pathways. While IKBKB rs13278372 and serum IKBKB protein levels showed no significant association with AMD development, the A allele of IKBKB rs13278372 was associated with a worse response to anti-VEGF treatment, indicating its potential as a marker for treatment outcomes. Additionally, the IKBKG rs2472395 variant was found to be protective for early AMD in males and exudative AMD in females, and lower IKBKG protein levels were associated with exudative AMD, particularly in patients with the GG genotype of IKBKG rs2472394, suggesting its role in protein concentration and disease progression. These findings highlight genetic markers that may contribute to AMD pathogenesis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.-V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Enrika Pileckaite
- Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.-V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Akvile Bruzaite
- Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.-V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Dzastina Cebatoriene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Greta Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene
- Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.-V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.-V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dalia Zaliuniene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.-V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.C.); (D.Z.)
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Association of the HtrA1 rs11200638 Polymorphism with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Indonesia. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 11:125-133. [PMID: 34727349 PMCID: PMC8770728 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the HtrA1 rs11200638 polymorphism with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in Indonesia. Methods This case–control study included 80 patients with nAMD and 85 controls. Demographic parameters and whole blood were collected from each participant. Genomic DNA was extracted and used to assess the rs11200638 genotype by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Associations between the HtrA1 rs11200638 polymorphism and other risk factors for susceptibility to nAMD were assessed using the logistic regression model. Results Significant allelic associations between the HtrA1 polymorphism and nAMD were detected (odds ratio [OR] 8.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.88–15.41; P < 0.001). Genotype analysis showed a statistical difference between the nAMD group and the control group (P < 0.001). In the multiple adjusted logistic regression model, people with the AA genotype were more likely to have nAMD although there was a wide confidence interval (OR 19.65; 95% CI 4.52–85.38; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that the risk of nAMD increased in the presence of risk alleles of HtrA1 rs11200638.
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Supanji S, Perdamaian ABI, Anindita DA, Widayanti TW, Wardhana FS, Sasongko MB, Prayogo ME, Agni AN, Oka C. rs3753394 Complement Factor H (CFH) Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in Indonesian Population. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) is one of the major factors for blindness and impaired visual acuity in elderly people. The aim of this study was CFH gene screening in Age-Related Macular Degeneration patients in Indonesia. This study was performed in 106 AMD patients and 104 controls for genomic markers in the Complement Factor H (CFH). The diagnosis of AMD was carried out by retinal specialists based on color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Informed consent was given to patients then proceed to blood sampling and recording of body parameters (BMI, smoking, other systemic diseases). CFH polymorphisms were then analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). There was no association between genetics polymorphism with nAMD. From the research can be inferred that association between genetics polymorphism with nAMD was insignificant.
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