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Buffault J, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbé A, Baudouin C. An Overview of Current Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Models. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1089-1099. [PMID: 37661784 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2253378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of the existing alternative models for studying trabecular meshwork (TM). METHODS Literature review. RESULTS The TM is a complex tissue that regulates aqueous humor outflow from the eye. Dysfunction of the TM is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The TM is a porous structure composed of trabecular meshwork cells (TMC) within a multi-layered extracellular matrix (ECM). Although dysregulation of the outflow throughout the TM represents the first step in the disease process, the underlying mechanisms of TM degeneration associate cell loss and accumulation of ECM, but remain incompletely understood, and drugs targeting the TM are limited. Therefore, experimental models of glaucomatous trabeculopathy are necessary for preclinical screening, to advance research on this disease's pathophysiology, and to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting the TM. Traditional animal models have been used extensively, albeit with inherent limitations, including ethical concerns and limited translatability to humans. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on developing alternative in vitro models to study the TM. Recent advancements in three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering are still in their early stages and do not yet fully reflect the complexity of the outflow pathway. However, they have shown promise in reducing reliance on animal experimentation in certain aspects of glaucoma research. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the existing alternative models for studying TM and their potential for advancing research on the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Buffault
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
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Hodrea J, Tran MN, Besztercei B, Medveczki T, Szabo AJ, Őrfi L, Kovacs I, Fekete A. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist Fluvoxamine Ameliorates Fibrotic Response of Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11646. [PMID: 37511406 PMCID: PMC10380218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma remains a global issue, lacking a definitive treatment. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the primary risk factor of the disease and it can be caused by fibrotic-like changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) such as increased tissue stiffness and outflow resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist fluvoxamine (FLU) has anti-fibrotic properties in the kidney and lung. In this study, the localization of the S1R in TM cells was determined, and the anti-fibrotic efficacy of FLU was examined in both mouse and human TM cells. Treatment with FLU reduced the F-actin rearrangement, inhibited cell proliferation and migration induced by the platelet-derived growth factor and decreased the levels of fibrotic proteins. The protective role of the S1R in fibrosis was confirmed by a more pronounced increase in alpha smooth muscle actin and F-actin bundle and clump formation in primary mouse S1R knockout TM cells. Furthermore, FLU demonstrated its protective effects by increasing the production of nitric oxide and facilitating the degradation of the extracellular matrix through the elevation of cathepsin K. These findings suggest that the S1R could be a novel target for the development of anti-fibrotic drugs and offer a new therapeutic approach for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Hodrea
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minh Ngoc Tran
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72712, Vietnam
| | - Balazs Besztercei
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timea Medveczki
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabo
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Őrfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Agarwal R, Iezhitsa I. Advances in targeting the extracellular matrix for glaucoma therapy: current updates. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1217-1229. [PMID: 38069479 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2293748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-recognized risk factor for development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Ocular hypertension is associated with excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in trabecular meshwork (TM) resulting in increased aqueous outflow resistance and elevated IOP. Hence, therapeutic options targeting ECM remodeling in TM to lower IOP in glaucomatous eyes are of considerable importance. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses the complex process of ECM regulation in TM and explores promising therapeutic targets. The role of Transforming Growth Factor-β as a central player in ECM deposition in TM is discussed. We elaborate the key regulatory processes involved in its activation, release, signaling, and cross talk with other signaling pathways including Rho GTPase, Wnt, integrin, cytokines, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. Further, we summarize the therapeutic agents that have been explored to target ECM dysregulation in TM. EXPERT OPINION Targeting molecular pathways to reduce ECM deposition and/or enhance its degradation are of considerable significance for IOP lowering. Challenges lie in pinpointing specific targets and designing drug delivery systems to precisely interact with pathologically active/inactive signaling. Recent advances in monoclonal antibodies, fusion molecules, and vectored nanotechnology offer potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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