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Wilsey MK, Taseska T, Meng Z, Yu W, Müller AM. Advanced electrocatalytic redox processes for environmental remediation of halogenated organic water pollutants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11895-11922. [PMID: 37740361 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are widespread, and decades of heavy use have resulted in global bioaccumulation and contamination of the environment, including water sources. Here, we introduce the most common halogenated organic water pollutants, their classification by type of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine), important policies and regulations, main applications, and environmental and human health risks. Remediation techniques are outlined with particular emphasis on carbon-halogen bond strengths. Aqueous advanced redox processes are discussed, highlighting mechanistic details, including electrochemical oxidations and reductions of the water-oxygen system, and thermodynamic potentials, protonation states, and lifetimes of radicals and reactive oxygen species in aqueous electrolytes at different pH conditions. The state of the art of aqueous advanced redox processes for brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated organic compounds is presented, along with reported mechanisms for aqueous destruction of select PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Future research directions for aqueous electrocatalytic destruction of organohalogens are identified, emphasizing the crucial need for developing a quantitative mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, the improvement of analytical detection methods for organohalogens and transient species during advanced redox processes, and the development of new catalysts and processes that are globally scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K Wilsey
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Astrid M Müller
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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2
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Tonhela MA, Almeida MEV, Granato Malpass AC, Motheo ADJ, Malpass GRP. Electrodegradation of cyclophosphamide in artificial urine by combined methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1782-1797. [PMID: 34842066 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2012270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide in artificial urine was evaluated by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOP). The system consisted of an electrochemical flow reactor with a commercial DSA® electrode (nominal composition Ti / Ru0,3Ti0,7O2) and Ti-mesh cathode. In order to assess the best parameters, the effect of current density, time and flow rate were analyzed using an initial 23 factorial design. The chosen response variable was the energy efficiency to produce free chlorine species (HClO/ClO-). After obtaining the most significant factors, the Central Composite Design (CCD) was performed, where the optimum conditions were determined for the current density range (11.714 mA cm-2 and 66.57 mA cm-2), flow rate (31.33 mL min-1) and time range (19 and 37 min). Under an optimized condition, the efficiency of other combined methods (photo-assisted electrochemical, photochemical, sonoelectrochemical and photo-assisted sonoelectrochemical) was evaluated. The efficiency of degradation processes was determined by removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), creatinine and urea. Analysis by HPLC demonstrates that the cyclophosphamide was substantially removed during the treatment process of ∼77%. Based on these results, it can be observed that the coupling between electrochemical and photochemical processes is a promising alternative for the treatment of this effluent, as a marked reduction of organic matter is observed (63, 94% of creatinine, 29.62% of urea, 39.1% of TOC) and a low treatment cost ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquele Amorim Tonhela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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3
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Prakash AA, Sathishkumar K, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Mani P, Kamala-Kannan S, Vijayanand S, Rajasekar A. Integrated approach of photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation and sequential biodegradation of textile effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119412. [PMID: 35568287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic azo dyes are extensively used in the textile industries, which are being released as textile effluent into the environment presence of azo dyes in the environment is great environmental concern therefore treatment of textile effluent is crucial for proper release of the effluent into the environment. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is extensively used in the degradation of pollutants because of its high efficiency. In this study, photo-assisted electrooxidation (PEO) followed by biodegradation of the textile effluent was evaluated. The pretreatment of textile effluent was conducted by EO and PEO in a tubular flow cell with TiO2-Ti/IrO2-RuO2 anode and titanium cathode under different current densities (10, 15, and 20 mA cm-2). The chemical oxygen demand level reduced from 3150 mg L-1 to 1300 and 600 mg L-1under EO and PEO, respectively. Furthermore, biodegradation of EO and PEO pretreated textile effluent shows reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1300 mg L-1 to 900 mg L-1and 600 mg L-1to 110 mg L-1, respectively. The most abundant genera were identified as Acetobacter, Achromobacter, Acidaminococcus, Actinomyces, and Acetomicrobium from the textile effluent. This study suggests that an integrated approach of PEO and subsequent biodegradation might be an effective and eco-friendly method for the degradation of textile effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Arul Prakash
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagal Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Annai College of Arts and Science, Kumbakonam, Thanjavur District, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 612503, India
| | - Seralathan Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Selvaraj Vijayanand
- Bioresource Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India.
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Hassani A, Malhotra M, Karim AV, Krishnan S, Nidheesh PV. Recent progress on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical processes: A review on mechanism, reactor strategies, and applications for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112463. [PMID: 34856168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have received significant attention among the many other water and wastewater treatment technologies. However, achieving a desirable removal effect with a single technique is frequently difficult. Therefore, the integration of ultrasound technique with other processes such as electrocoagulation, electro-Fenton, and electrooxidation is a critical way to achieve effective organic pollutants decomposition from wastewater. This review paper is focused on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical (US/electrochemical) processes, so-called sonoelectrochemical processes of various organic pollutants. Emphasis was given to recently published articles for discussing the results and trends in this research area. The use of ultrasound and integration with electrochemical processes has a synergistic impact owing to the physical and chemical consequences of cavitation, resulting in enhancing the mineralization of organic pollutants. Various types of sonoelectrochemical reactors (batch and continuous) employed in the US/electrochemical processes were reviewed. In addition, the strategies to avoid passivation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, and mixing effect are reviewed. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives on this research topic are also explored and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Ansaf V Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Sukanya Krishnan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Ziylan-Yavas A, Ince NH, Ozon E, Arslan E, Aviyente V, Savun-Hekimoğlu B, Erdincler A. Oxidative decomposition and mineralization of caffeine by advanced oxidation processes: The effect of hybridization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105635. [PMID: 34175811 PMCID: PMC8237590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study consists of a detailed investigation of the degradability of the emerging water contaminant-caffeine by homogeneous and heterogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP's), estimation of a synergy index for each hybrid operation thereof, and proposing the most plausible reaction mechanisms that are consistent with the experimental data. It also encompasses evaluation of the effect of the water matrix represented by carbonate species and humic acids, as strong scavengers of hydroxyl radicals. The results showed that single AOP's such as sonolysis (577 kHz) and photolysis with H2O2 provided complete caffeine elimination, but they were insufficient for the mineralization of the compound. Hybrid AOP's were considerably more effective, particularly when operated at a heterogeneous mode using commercial TiO2. The most effective hybrid process was UV-H2O2/TiO2, which provided more than 75% TOC decay at the minimum test doses of the reagent and catalyst. While the addition of ultrasound to the process significantly increased the rate of caffeine decomposition, it reduced the overall degradation of the compound to 64% in terms of TOC decay. The antagonistic effect was attributed to the formation of excess H2O2, and the presence of cavity clouds and/or high density layers that inhibited the transmission of UV light. The effect of natural water ingredients was found to reduce the reaction rates, signifying the major contribution of hydroxyl radicals to the destruction of caffeine. The proposed reaction mechanisms based on OH radical attack and the calculated energy barriers were in good agreement with the experimentally detected reaction byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asu Ziylan-Yavas
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, USA
| | - Nilsun H Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, USA.
| | - Ece Ozon
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, USA
| | - Evrim Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, USA
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, USA
| | | | - Aysen Erdincler
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, USA
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García-Espinoza JD, Robles I, Durán-Moreno A, Godínez LA. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129957. [PMID: 33979920 PMCID: PMC8121763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is usually the final step in water treatment and its effectiveness is of paramount importance in ensuring public health. Chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone (O3) are currently the most common methods for water disinfection; however, the generation of toxic by-products and the non-remnant effect of UV and O3 still constitute major drawbacks. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) on the other hand, appear as a potentially effective option for water disinfection. In these processes, the synergism between electrochemically produced active species and photo-generated radicals, improve their performance when compared with the corresponding separate processes and with other physical or chemical approaches. In photo-assisted EAOPs the inactivation of pathogens takes place by means of mechanisms that occur at different distances from the anode, that is: (i) directly at the electrode's surface (direct oxidation), (ii) at the anode's vicinity by means of electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical species (quasi-direct), (iii) or at the bulk solution (away from the electrode surface) by photo-electrogenerated active species (indirect oxidation). This review addresses state of the art reports concerning the inactivation of pathogens in water by means of photo-assisted EAOPs such as photo-electrocatalytic process, photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, photo-electrocoagulation and cathodic processes. By focusing on the oxidation mechanism, it was found that while quasi-direct oxidation is the preponderant inactivation mechanism, the photo-electrocatalytic process using semiconductor materials is the most studied method as revealed by numerous reports in the literature. Advantages, disadvantages, trends and perspectives for water disinfection in photo-assisted EAOPs are also analyzed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Daniel García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Rodrigues Pinto B, Linares JJ, de Vasconcelos Lanza MR, de Lourdes Souza F. UV-irradiation and BDD-based photoelectrolysis for the treatment of halosulfuron-methyl herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26762-26771. [PMID: 33495947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation technique based on UV-C irradiation and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and its application for the effective removal of the commercial herbicide halosulfuron-methyl (HSM). The study evaluated the influence of the following key operating variables in the photoelectrochemical process: current density, pH, temperature, and initial HSM concentration. With regard to HSM degradation/mineralization, the application of high current densities was found to be more advantageous once it promoted a more rapid degradation and mineralization, with 96% of total organic carbon removal, though the process became more energy-demanding over time. The initial concentration of HSM did not modify the relative degradation rate, though the degradation process became more efficient as expected in a mass-transfer controlled process. The use of acidic pH (pH 3) was found to be more suitable than neutral conditions; this is probably because an anionic resonant form of HSM may be formed in neutral conditions. The temperature level was also found to affect the rate of HSM removal and the degradation efficiency. Finally, the substitution of Na2SO4 by NaCl promoted a more rapid and effective degradation; this is attributed to high production of powerful oxidants. However, only 70% mineralization was reached after 3 h of treatment; this is probably related to the formation of recalcitrant chlorinated sub-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodrigues Pinto
- Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, CEP 09210-580, Avenida dos Estados, Santo André, SP, 5001, Brazil
| | - Jose Joaquin Linares
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, CEP 71605-00, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de Lourdes Souza
- Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, CEP 09210-580, Avenida dos Estados, Santo André, SP, 5001, Brazil.
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Martín de Vidales MJ, Rua J, Montero de Juan JL, Fernández-Martínez F, Dos santos-García AJ. Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern by Electrochemical Oxidation: Coupling of Ultraviolet and Ultrasound Radiations. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235551. [PMID: 33291437 PMCID: PMC7730255 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study the electrochemical oxidation of methyl red, a dye present in textile industrial effluents, which is selected as the model for the degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern. The influence of the initial pollutant concentration (1–5 mg dm−3), applied current density (2–15 mA cm−2), and the coupling of ultraviolet or ultrasound radiation have been studied using a titanium plate as anode. The results show that electrochemical oxidation is able to efficiently remove methyl red, and the process efficiency decreases with the initial pollutant concentration. At high applied current densities, efficiency drastically decreases due to a less effective mass transfer of the pollutant on the anodic surface. On one hand, the coupling of ultrasound entails an antagonistic effect on the process efficiency, which is probably due to a massive formation of oxidant radicals followed by a fast recombination process. On the other hand, the coupling of ultraviolet radiation increases the process efficiency. Concomitantly to the oxidation processes, titanium electrode produces rising TiO2–anatase nanoparticles, boosting the mineralization process. This new finding sets up a significant improvement over conventional photocatalysis treatments using TiO2–anatase as a catalyst due to synergistic effects coming from the coupling of the electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis process with Ti anode.
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Improving biodegradability of clopyralid wastes by photoelectrolysis: The role of the anode material. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Souza F, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Improving photolytic treatments with electrochemical technology. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carboneras M, Rodrigo M, Canizares P, Villaseñor J, Fernandez-Morales F. Electro-irradiated technologies for clopyralid removal from soil washing effluents. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Zhang M, Shi Q, Song X, Wang H, Bian Z. Recent electrochemical methods in electrochemical degradation of halogenated organics: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10457-10486. [PMID: 30798495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organics are widely used in modern industry, agriculture, and medicine, and their large-scale emissions have led to soil and water pollution. Electrochemical methods are attractive and promising techniques for wastewater treatment and have been developed for degradation of halogenated organic pollutants under mild conditions. Electrochemical techniques are classified according to main reaction pathways: (i) electrochemical reduction, in which cleavage of C-X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) bonds to release halide ions and produce non-halogenated and non-toxic organics and (ii) electrochemical oxidation, in which halogenated organics are degraded by electrogenerated oxidants. The electrode material is crucial to the degradation efficiency of an electrochemical process. Much research has therefore been devoted to developing appropriate electrode materials for practical applications. This paper reviews recent developments in electrode materials for electrochemical degradation of halogenated organics. And at the end of this paper, the characteristics of new combination methods, such as photocatalysis, nanofiltration, and the use of biochemical method, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoyong Bian
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Rizzo L, Malato S, Antakyali D, Beretsou VG, Đolić MB, Gernjak W, Heath E, Ivancev-Tumbas I, Karaolia P, Lado Ribeiro AR, Mascolo G, McArdell CS, Schaar H, Silva AMT, Fatta-Kassinos D. Consolidated vs new advanced treatment methods for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern from urban wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:986-1008. [PMID: 30577146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are among the main anthropogenic sources for the release of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into the environment, which can result in toxic and adverse effects on aquatic organisms and consequently on humans. Unfortunately, WWTPs are not designed to remove CECs and secondary (e.g., conventional activated sludge process, CAS) and tertiary (such as filtration and disinfection) treatments are not effective in the removal of most CECs entering WWTP. Accordingly, several advanced treatment methods have been investigated for the removal of CECs from wastewater, including consolidated (namely, activated carbon (AC) adsorption, ozonation and membranes) and new (such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)) processes/technologies. This review paper gathers the efforts of a group of international experts, members of the NEREUS COST Action ES1403 who for three years have been constructively discussing the state of the art and the best available technologies for the advanced treatment of urban wastewater. In particular, this work critically reviews the papers available in scientific literature on consolidated (ozonation, AC and membranes) and new advanced treatment methods (mainly AOPs) to analyse: (i) their efficiency in the removal of CECs from wastewater, (ii) advantages and drawbacks, (iii) possible obstacles to the application of AOPs, (iv) technological limitations and mid to long-term perspectives for the application of heterogeneous processes, and (v) a technical and economic comparison among the different processes/technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería (CIEMAT), Carretera de Senés, km. 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain.
| | - Demet Antakyali
- Competence Centre Micropollutants, NRW, D-50823 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maja B Đolić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 522 P.O. Box, Serbia
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute and International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Ivancev-Tumbas
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Popi Karaolia
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ana R Lado Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- CNR, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Via F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heidemarie Schaar
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13/2261, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Martín de Vidales MJ, Castro MP, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Radiation-assisted electrochemical processes in semi-pilot scale for the removal of clopyralid from soil washing wastes. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Effect of the electrolyte on the electrolysis and photoelectrolysis of synthetic methyl paraben polluted wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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The Role of Mediated Oxidation on the Electro-irradiated Treatment of Amoxicillin and Ampicillin Polluted Wastewater. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the electrolysis, photoelectrolysis and sonoelectrolysis with diamond electrodes of amoxicillin (AMX) and ampicillin (AMP) solutions were studied in the context of the search for technologies capable of removing antibiotics from liquid wastes. Single-irradiation processes (sonolysis and photolysis) were also evaluated for comparison. Results showed that AMX and AMP are completely degraded and mineralized by electrolysis in both chloride and sulfate media, although the efficiency is higher in the presence of chloride. The effect of the current density on mineralization efficiency is not relevant and this may be related to the role of mediated oxidation. Irradiation by ultraviolet light or ultrasound (US) waves does not produce a synergistic effect on the mineralization of AMX and AMP solutions. This indicates that the massive formation of radicals during the combined processes can favor their recombination to form stable and less reactive species.
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Xu B, Zhan G, Xu B, Du H, Luo H, Wang T, Zhan C, Yang Y. Degradation of acetaminophen in aqueous solution by UV and UV-activated sludge processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:2088-2095. [PMID: 30629536 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most common antipyretic analgesics used to treat common ailments throughout the world. Recently, APAP has been frequently detected in wastewater effluent and groundwater, resulting in potential risks to the environment. Current methods for eliminating APAP are complicated and cost-prohibitive. This study examined APAP degradation by ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and UV-C irradiation combined with activated sludge (UV/AS) to evaluate potential applications in wastewater treatment. The results of this study indicate that UV-C irradiation reached an APAP degradation efficiency of more than 52% and a degradation rate of 0.0012-0.0013 min-1 during 720 min of exposure, while the initial APAP concentration exhibited only a nominal effect on the degradation rate. However, the UV/AS treatment demonstrated an APAP degradation rate that was 9.6 times the rate of the UV-C-only treatment, with a degradation efficiency of 99% over the same UV irradiation period. The results further indicated that APAP photolysis efficiency was more effective when applied to sterilized AS than when applied to unsterilized AS. Finally, excessive dosage of both AS and humic acid inhibited APAP photolysis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China E-mail: ; Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Guoyan Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China E-mail:
| | - Bin Xu
- Sinopec Jiujiang Company, Jiujiang, China
| | - Haijie Du
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China E-mail:
| | - Hang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China E-mail:
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China E-mail:
| | - Changchao Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China E-mail:
| | - Yi Yang
- China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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18
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Jia Y, Zhao Y, Zhao M, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang M. Core–shell indium (III) sulfide@metal-organic framework nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1551:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Mena IF, Cotillas S, Díaz E, Sáez C, Rodríguez JJ, Cañizares P, Mohedano ÁF, Rodrigo MA. Electrolysis with diamond anodes: Eventually, there are refractory species! CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:771-776. [PMID: 29289023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, synthetic wastewater polluted with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) undergoes four electrolytic treatments with diamond anodes (bare electrolysis, electrolysis enhanced with peroxosulfate promoters, irradiated with UV light and with US) and results obtained were compared with those obtained with the application of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation (CWPO). Despite its complex heterocyclic structure, Bmim+ cation is successfully depleted with the five technologies tested, being transformed into intermediates that eventually can be mineralized. Photoelectrolysis attained the lowest concentration of intermediates, while CWPO is the technology less efficient in their degradation. However, the most surprising result is that concentration of NTf2- anion does not change during the five advanced oxidation processes tested, pointing out its strong refractory character, being the first species that exhibits this character in wastewater undergoing electrolysis with diamond. This means that the hydroxyl and sulfate radicals mediated oxidation and the direct electrolysis are inefficient for breaking the C-S, C-F and S-N bounds of the NTf2- anion, which is a very interesting mechanistic information to understand the complex processes undergone in electrolysis with diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael F Mena
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de España S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodríguez
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel F Mohedano
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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20
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Badmus KO, Tijani JO, Massima E, Petrik L. Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitation in synergy with advanced oxidation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7299-7314. [PMID: 29349742 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are very tenacious wastewater contaminants. The consequences of their existence have been acknowledged for negatively affecting the ecosystem with specific impact upon endocrine disruption and hormonal diseases in humans. Their recalcitrance and circumvention of nearly all the known wastewater treatment procedures are also well documented. The reported successes of POPs treatment using various advanced technologies are not without setbacks such as low degradation efficiency, generation of toxic intermediates, massive sludge production, and high energy expenditure and operational cost. However, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently recorded successes in the treatment of POPs in wastewater. AOPs are technologies which involve the generation of OH radicals for the purpose of oxidising recalcitrant organic contaminants to their inert end products. This review provides information on the existence of POPs and their effects on humans. Besides, the merits and demerits of various advanced treatment technologies as well as the synergistic efficiency of combined AOPs in the treatment of wastewater containing POPs was reported. A concise review of recently published studies on successful treatment of POPs in wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitation technology in combination with other advanced oxidation processes is presented with the highlight of direction for future research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassim Olasunkanmi Badmus
- Environmental and Nano Science, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jimoh Oladejo Tijani
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Emile Massima
- Environmental and Nano Science, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Pérez JF, Sáez C, Llanos J, Cañizares P, López C, Rodrigo MA. Improving the Efficiency of Carbon Cloth for the Electrogeneration of H2O2: Role of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Carbon Black Loading. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José F. Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Conrado López
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Avenida Camilo
José Cela no. 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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22
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Hussain S, Steter JR, Gul S, Motheo AJ. Photo-assisted electrochemical degradation of sulfamethoxazole using a Ti/Ru 0.3Ti 0.7O 2 anode: Mechanistic and kinetic features of the process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 201:153-162. [PMID: 28654803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the photo-assisted electrochemical degradation and mineralization of the antibiotic contaminant sulfamethoxazole (SMX). All the experiments were perform using a flow electrolytic cell, in which the influence of the current density (10-60 mA cm-2) and sodium chloride (0.02-0.10 mol L-1) in the supporting electrolyte composition was analyzed. The results showed that the total SMX and 50% TOC removal was achieved in the current density range used. As expected, the degradation kinetics presented a pseudo first order behavior and the rate constant increased from 0.05 min-1 to 0.50 min-1 as the current density raised from 10 to 60 mA cm-1. In addition, the values of the electrical energy per order (EEO) increased from 0.67 to 1.06 kW/hm-3 order-1 as the current density increased from 10 to 60 mAcm-2 and drop from 8.82 to 0.57 kW/hm-3 order-1 at supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.02-0.1 mol L-1. The reaction intermediates identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed proposing a mechanism for the degradation. The use of photo assistance in the electrochemical process involved simultaneous reactions, for example, aromatic ring substitutions and hydroxylation. These reactions led to aromatic rings opening that generated simpler organic molecules, making possible the mineralization of the SMX molecule. Probable degradation pathways were proposed and discussed. Comparison of the efficiencies of the photocatalytic, electrochemical (EC) and photo-assisted electrochemical (PAEC) techniques revealed that the combined process showed a synergism for TOC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KPK, 23460, Pakistan
| | - Juliana R Steter
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Saima Gul
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur J Motheo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Cotillas S, Cañizares L, Muñoz M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Is it really important the addition of salts for the electrolysis of soil washing effluents? Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Martín de Vidales MJ, Millán M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Irradiated-assisted electrochemical processes for the removal of persistent pollutants from real wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Souza F, Quijorna S, Lanza M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Applicability of electrochemical oxidation using diamond anodes to the treatment of a sulfonylurea herbicide. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Vieira Dos Santos E, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA. Treating soil-washing fluids polluted with oxyfluorfen by sono-electrolysis with diamond anodes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:115-122. [PMID: 27773225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This works is focused on the treatment by sono-electrolysis of the liquid effluents produced during the Surfactant-Aided Soil-Washing (SASW) of soils spiked with herbicide oxyfluorfen. Results show that this combined technology is very efficient and attains the complete mineralization of the waste, regardless of the surfactant/soil radio applied in the SASW process (which is the main parameter of the soil remediation process and leads to very different wastes). Both the surfactant and the herbicide are completely degraded, even when single electrolysis is used; and only two intermediates are detected by HPLC in very low concentrations. Conversely, the efficiency of single sonolysis approach, for the oxidation of pollutant, is very low and just small changes in the herbicides and surfactant concentrations are observed during the tests carried out. Sono-electrolysis with diamond electrodes achieved higher degradation rates than those obtained by single sonolysis and/or single electrolysis with diamond anodes. A key role of sulfate is developed, when it is released after the electrochemical degradation of surfactant. The efficient catalytic effect observed which can be explained by the anodic formation of persulfate and the later, a sono-activation is attained to produce highly efficient sulfate radicals. The effect of irradiating US is more importantly observed in the pesticide than in the surfactant, in agreement with the well-known behavior of these radicals which are known to oxidize more efficiently aromatic compounds than aliphatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vieira Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Cotillas S, de Vidales MJM, Llanos J, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Electrolytic and electro-irradiated processes with diamond anodes for the oxidation of persistent pollutants and disinfection of urban treated wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 319:93-101. [PMID: 26832074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the advantages and drawbacks of the combination of UV irradiation with electrolysis with the aim to give insight about the feasibility of the application of this technology for the reclaiming of conventionally-treated wastewater. The oxidation of synthetic solutions containing five selected model complex pollutants has been compared, showing that UV irradiation improves the results of electrolysis for progesterone, metoprolol and caffeine and deteriorates the performance for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole and dimethyl-phthalate. Differences observed becomes lower when mineralization is compared showing that the effects of UV irradiation are diluted when a mixture of species is oxidized. Results suggest that high ThOD/TOC (Theoretical Oxygen Demand/Total Organic Carbon) ratios improve the synergistic coupling of technologies while low values lead to a clear antagonistic effect. Because during oxidation progress this ratio is decreased, the observed effect on mineralization is much lower than in the oxidation of the raw molecule. Opposite to this low effect on the oxidation of organics, the improvement in the performance of the disinfection by coupling UV to electrolysis is much clearer. In addition, UV irradiation modifies significantly the chlorine speciation and helps to prevent the formation of hazardous species such as chlorate and perchlorate during the electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María J Martín de Vidales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Martín de Vidales MJ, Cotillas S, Perez-Serrano JF, Llanos J, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Scale-up of electrolytic and photoelectrolytic processes for water reclaiming: a preliminary study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19713-22. [PMID: 27406224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the scale-up of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxidation processes with diamond anodes for the removal of organic pollutants and disinfection of treated urban wastewater, two of the most important parameters for the reclaiming of wastewater. The removal of organics was studied with actual biologically treated urban wastewater intensified with 100 mg dm(-3) of caffeine, added as a trace organic pollutant. The disinfection was also studied with biologically treated urban wastewater, and Escherichia coli was used to monitor the efficiency of the process. Results obtained with a single DiaCell® 101 were compared with those obtained with a single-stack DiaCell® 1001 and with a pilot plant made up of five of these stacks. Results obtained demonstrate that scale-up is not a simple but a very complex process, in which not only the electrode and the irradiation dose are important but also mass transfer conditions. Enhanced mass transport conditions have a determining and very positive effect on the removal of organics and a negative effect on the disinfection. Likewise, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation affects in a different way in the different setups used, having a great influence on the removal of complex organics and on the speciation of oxidants produced during disinfection. This works helps to understand the key differences observed in the scale-up, and it is a first approach for future works focused on the real application of conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Martín de Vidales
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José F Perez-Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio E. Costa, Campus Universitario s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Rubí-Juárez H, Cotillas S, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo MA. Use of conductive diamond photo-electrochemical oxidation for the removal of pesticide glyphosate. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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