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Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Achondroplasia by Two Haplotyping Systems: Short Tandem Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-3207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang X, Liu Y, Yu X, Huang Q, Lin C, Zeng J, Lan F, Wang Z. The clinical application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:989-994. [PMID: 30887160 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) based on mutated allele revealed by sequencing with aneuploidy and linkage analyses (MARSALA) for a pedigree with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). METHODS One pathogenic mutation (c.494G > A) of the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene was identified in a pedigree affected by XLRP. Then, PGD was carried out for the couple, of which the wife was an XLRP carrier. Three blastocysts were biopsied and then MARSALA was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Prenatal diagnosis was also carried out to confirm the PGD results. RESULTS Three blastocysts were all unaffected. Then, one of the embryos was chosen randomly to be transferred, and the pregnancy was acquired successfully. The results of prenatal diagnosis were consistent with the PGD results. The fetus did not carry RPGR mutation (c.494G > A) and had normal chromosome karyotype. As a result, a healthy baby free of XLRP condition was born. CONCLUSION The PGD method based on MARSALA was established and applied to a family with XLRP successfully. MARSALA will be a valid tool, not only for XLRP families but also for families affected with other monogenetic disorders, to prevent transmission of the genetic disease from parents to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Huang
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, 156 Xi'erhuanbei Road, Fuzhou City, 350025, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Xiurong Yu
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, 156 Xi'erhuanbei Road, Fuzhou City, 350025, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Chunli Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, 156 Xi'erhuanbei Road, Fuzhou City, 350025, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Lan
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, 156 Xi'erhuanbei Road, Fuzhou City, 350025, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Fuzhou General Hospital, Clinical College of Fujian Medical University/Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, 156 Xi'erhuanbei Road, Fuzhou City, 350025, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Li S, Zhang J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Wang L, Jin L, Hu Y, Qi X, Huang H, Xu C. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Using Informative Markers Identified by Targeted Sequencing. Thyroid 2018; 28:281-287. [PMID: 29378479 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The revised guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma recommend that genetic counseling regarding reproductive options, including preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), be considered for all RET mutation carriers of reproductive age to avoid the transmission of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). However, the high complexity and cost of PGD have hindered its widespread use. Thus, it is necessary to establish a simple and relatively inexpensive method to facilitate the PGD of MEN2. PATIENTS AND METHODS A customized Nimblegen EZ sequence capture array was designed to capture the targeted regions, including the RET gene, and 1 Mb range on each side of the RET gene. Targeted, capture-based next-generation sequencing of three members of one family with MEN2A (the couple and the paternal father) was conducted to identify the informative markers. The diagnosis of the embryos was achieved through haplotype analysis based on informative markers and causative mutation. RESULTS Based on the sequencing results, 173 informative markers were detected, which were sufficient for the subsequent use for PGD. Seven informative markers and the causative mutation (RETC634Y) were selected and subjected to Sanger sequencing. Through haplotype analysis, four embryos without inheritance of the mutation haplotype of the RET gene were diagnosed as unaffected. One unaffected embryo was transferred, with one healthy baby born at 38 gestational weeks. CONCLUSIONS Targeted, capture-based next-generation sequencing for identification of informative markers together with Sanger sequencing is an easy and efficient method for the PGD of monogenic diseases such as MEN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songchang Chen
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- 3 Department of Oncologic and Urologic Surgery, Nanjing Military Command, Hospital Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 117th PLA Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- 1 Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- 2 International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Liu X, Xu Y, Sun J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Ding C, Zheng SL, Xu J, Zhou C. Preimplantation genetic haplotyping for six Chinese pedigrees with thalassemia using a single nucleotide polymorphism microarray. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:460-468. [PMID: 28258706 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- NorthShore Research Institute; NorthShore University HealthSystem; Evanston IL USA
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Jishan Sun
- NorthShore Research Institute; NorthShore University HealthSystem; Evanston IL USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Center for Cancer Genomics; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Chenhui Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Fudan Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- NorthShore Research Institute; NorthShore University HealthSystem; Evanston IL USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- NorthShore Research Institute; NorthShore University HealthSystem; Evanston IL USA
- Fudan Institute of Urology; Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Kamps R, Brandão RD, Bosch BJVD, Paulussen ADC, Xanthoulea S, Blok MJ, Romano A. Next-Generation Sequencing in Oncology: Genetic Diagnosis, Risk Prediction and Cancer Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020308. [PMID: 28146134 PMCID: PMC5343844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has expanded in the last decades with significant improvements in the reliability, sequencing chemistry, pipeline analyses, data interpretation and costs. Such advances make the use of NGS feasible in clinical practice today. This review describes the recent technological developments in NGS applied to the field of oncology. A number of clinical applications are reviewed, i.e., mutation detection in inherited cancer syndromes based on DNA-sequencing, detection of spliceogenic variants based on RNA-sequencing, DNA-sequencing to identify risk modifiers and application for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, cancer somatic mutation analysis, pharmacogenetics and liquid biopsy. Conclusive remarks, clinical limitations, implications and ethical considerations that relate to the different applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kamps
- Department of Clinical Genetics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rita D Brandão
- Department of Clinical Genetics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca J van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Chen L, Diao Z, Xu Z, Zhou J, Wang W, Li J, Yan G, Sun H. The clinical application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for the patient affected by congenital contractural arachnodactyly and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1459-1466. [PMID: 27393415 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the usefulness of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for the patient affected by congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). METHODS Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) was performed for whole genome amplification (WGA) of biopsied trophectoderm (TE) cells. Direct mutation detection by sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotyping were used for CCA diagnosis. Direct sequencing of the PCR products and sex determination by amplification of sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene were used for SBMA diagnosis. After PGD, the unaffected blastocyst (B4) was transferred in the following frozen embryo transfer (FET). RESULTS In this PGD cycle, sixteen MII oocytes were inseminated by ICSI with testicular spermatozoa. Four blastocysts (B4, B5, B10, B13) were utilized for TE cell biopsy on day 5 after ICSI. After PGD, B4 was unaffected by CCA and SBMA. B5 was affected by CCA and carried SBMA. B10 was unaffected by CCA and carried SBMA. B13 was affected by CCA and unaffected by SBMA. B4 was the only unaffected blastocyst and transferred into the uterus for the subsequent FET cycle. The accuracy of PGD was confirmed by amniocentesis at 21 weeks of gestation. A healthy boy weighing 2850 g was born by cesarean section at the 38th week of gestation. CONCLUSIONS PGD is a valid screening tool for patienst affected of CCA and SBMA to prevent transmission of these genetic diseases from parents to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Zhenyu Diao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jie Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
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Clinical applications of MARSALA for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:541-547. [PMID: 27599922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional PCR methods combined with linkage analysis based on short tandem repeats (STRs) or Karyomapping with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, have been applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosome recessive disorder. However, it has limitations in SMA diagnosis by Karyomapping, and these methods are unable to distinguish wild-type embryos with carriers effectively. Mutated allele revealed by sequencing with aneuploidy and linkage analyses (MARSALA) is a new method allowing embryo selection by a one-step next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedure, which has been applied in PGD for both autosome dominant and X-linked diseases in our group previously. In this study, we carried out PGD based on MARSALA for two carrier families with SMA affected children. As a result, one of the couples has given birth to a healthy baby free of mutations in SMA-causing gene. It is the first time that MARSALA was applied to PGD for SMA, and we can distinguish the embryos with heterozygous deletion (carriers) from the wild-type (normal) ones accurately through this NGS-based method. In addition, direct mutation detection allows us to identify the affected embryos (homozygous deletion), which can be regarded as probands for linkage analysis, in case that the affected family member is absent. In the future, the NGS-based MARSALA method is expected to be used in PGD for all monogenetic disorders with known pathogenic gene mutation.
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Gui B, Yang P, Yao Z, Li Y, Liu D, Liu N, Lu S, Liang D, Wu L. A New Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Assay for Concurrent Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A and Aneuploidy Screening. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:155-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Concurrent whole-genome haplotyping and copy-number profiling of single cells. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:894-912. [PMID: 25983246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods for haplotyping and DNA copy-number typing of single cells are paramount for studying genomic heterogeneity and enabling genetic diagnosis. Before analyzing the DNA of a single cell by microarray or next-generation sequencing, a whole-genome amplification (WGA) process is required, but it substantially distorts the frequency and composition of the cell's alleles. As a consequence, haplotyping methods suffer from error-prone discrete SNP genotypes (AA, AB, BB) and DNA copy-number profiling remains difficult because true DNA copy-number aberrations have to be discriminated from WGA artifacts. Here, we developed a single-cell genome analysis method that reconstructs genome-wide haplotype architectures as well as the copy-number and segregational origin of those haplotypes by employing phased parental genotypes and deciphering WGA-distorted SNP B-allele fractions via a process we coin haplarithmisis. We demonstrate that the method can be applied as a generic method for preimplantation genetic diagnosis on single cells biopsied from human embryos, enabling diagnosis of disease alleles genome wide as well as numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies. Moreover, meiotic segregation errors can be distinguished from mitotic ones.
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Brennan KM, Shy ME. New and emerging treatments of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Advances in whole-genome and whole-transcriptome amplification have permitted the sequencing of the minute amounts of DNA and RNA present in a single cell, offering a window into the extent and nature of genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity which occurs in both normal development and disease. Single-cell approaches stand poised to revolutionise our capacity to understand the scale of genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic diversity that occurs during the lifetime of an individual organism. Here, we review the major technological and biological breakthroughs achieved, describe the remaining challenges to overcome, and provide a glimpse into the promise of recent and future developments.
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Van der Aa N, Zamani Esteki M, Vermeesch JR, Voet T. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis guided by single-cell genomics. Genome Med 2013; 5:71. [PMID: 23998893 PMCID: PMC3979122 DOI: 10.1186/gm475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) aims to help couples with heritable genetic disorders to avoid the birth of diseased offspring or the recurrence of loss of conception. Following in vitro fertilization, one or a few cells are biopsied from each human preimplantation embryo for genetic testing, allowing diagnosis and selection of healthy embryos for uterine transfer. Although classical methods, including single-cell PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization, enable PGD for many genetic disorders, they have limitations. They often require family-specific designs and can be labor intensive, resulting in long waiting lists. Furthermore, certain types of genetic anomalies are not easy to diagnose using these classical approaches, and healthy offspring carrying the parental mutant allele(s) can result. Recently, state-of-the-art methods for single-cell genomics have flourished, which may overcome the limitations associated with classical PGD, and these underpin the development of generic assays for PGD that enable selection of embryos not only for the familial genetic disorder in question, but also for various other genetic aberrations and traits at once. Here, we discuss the latest single-cell genomics methodologies based on DNA microarrays, single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays or next-generation sequence analysis. We focus on their strengths, their validation status, their weaknesses and the challenges for implementing them in PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van der Aa
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Masoud Zamani Esteki
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium ; Single-cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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