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Domingo MG, Nalli GA, Tasat DR, Olmedo DG. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells as bioindicators of short- and long-term systemic titanium contamination. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127114. [PMID: 36516572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to exogenous sources of titanium-containing particles that can enter the body mainly by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption. Given the widespread use of biomaterials in medicine, the surface of a titanium (Ti) biomedical device is a potential endogenous source of Ti ions and/or Ti-containing particles, such as TiO2 micro-(MPs) and nano-particles (NPs), resulting from biotribocorrosion processes. Ti ions or Ti-containing particles may deposit in epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, and the latter may therefore serve as bioindicators of short and long-term systemic Ti contamination. The aim of the present study was to histologically and quantitatively evaluate the presence of Ti traces in cells exfoliated from the oral mucosa as possible bioindicators of systemic contamination with this metal at short and long-term experimental time points METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with a suspension of titanium dioxide (TiO2) (0.16 g/100 g body weight of TiO2 in 5 ml of NaCl 0.9%) using 5 nm NPs (Group: TiO2-NP5; n = 10), 45 µm MPs (Group: TiO2-MP45; n = 10), or vehicle alone (Control group; n = 10). At one and six months post-injection, right-cheek mucosa cells were obtained by exfoliative cytology using a cytobrush; they were spray fixed and stained using Safranin or the Papanicolaou technique. The smears were cytologically evaluated (light microscopy) to determine the presence of particulate material, which was also analyzed microchemically (SEM-EDS). Left-cheek mucosa cells were similarly obtained and re-suspended in 5 ml of PBS (pH: 7.2-7.4); the samples corresponding to each group were pooled together and analyzed spectrometrically (ICP-MS) to determine Ti concentration in each of the studied groups. Blood samples were obtained for histological determination of the presence of particulate material on Safranin-stained blood smears and determination of plasma concentration of Ti by ICP-MS RESULTS: Different size and shape metal-like particles were observed inside and outside epithelial cells in TiO2-NP5 and TiO2-MP45 cytological smears at both one and six months post-injection. EDS analysis showed the presence of Ti in the particles. ICP-MS revealed higher Ti concentrations in both TiO2 injected groups compared to the control group. In addition, Ti concentration did not vary with time or particle size. Monocytes containing particles were observed in blood smears of TiO2-exposed animals one- and six-months post-injection. Plasma levels of Ti were significantly higher in TiO2-NP5- and TiO2-MP45- exposed animals than in controls (p < 0.05), and Ti concentration was significantly higher at one month than at six months in both TiO2-exposed groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cells exfoliated from the oral mucosa could be used as bioindicators of short- and long-term systemic contamination with Ti. Exfoliative cytology could be used as a simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive diagnostic method for monitoring biotribocorrosion of Ti implants and patient clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Gisele Domingo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina; Becario de Investigación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Alejandra Nalli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Estomatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Deborah Ruth Tasat
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, UNSAM Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, B1650HMN Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, UNSAM Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, B1650HMN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniel Gustavo Olmedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zheng Z, Liu P, Zhang X, Jingguo xin, Yongjie wang, Zou X, Mei X, Zhang S, Zhang S. Strategies to improve bioactive and antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for use as orthopedic implants. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100402. [PMID: 36105676 PMCID: PMC9466655 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has gradually become the mainstream material for preparing orthopedic implants due to its similar elastic modulus to human bone, high strength, excellent wear resistance, radiolucency, and biocompatibility. Since the 1990s, PEEK has increasingly been used in orthopedics. Yet, the widespread application of PEEK is limited by its bio-inertness, hydrophobicity, and susceptibility to microbial infections. Further enhancing the osteogenic properties of PEEK-based implants remains a difficult task. This article reviews some modification methods of PEEK in the last five years, including surface modification of PEEK or incorporating materials into the PEEK matrix. For surface modification, PEEK can be modified by chemical treatment, physical treatment, or surface coating with bioactive substances. For PEEK composite material, adding bioactive filler into PEEK through the melting blending method or 3D printing technology can increase the biological activity of PEEK. In addition, some modification methods such as sulfonation treatment of PEEK or grafting antibacterial substances on PEEK can enhance the antibacterial performance of PEEK. These strategies aim to improve the bioactive and antibacterial properties of the modified PEEK. The researchers believe that these modifications could provide valuable guidance on the future design of PEEK orthopedic implants.
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3
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Gilbert JD, Neubauer K, Byard RW. Macroscopic identification of visceral titanium pigment in an intravenous drug user. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:2024-2028. [PMID: 34117775 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autopsy findings in intravenous drug addicts are quite variable and may involve a number of organ systems. Reports of the macroscopic identification at autopsy of components of tablets that have been crushed and injected are, however, exceedingly rare. The case of 34-year-old man who died of zolpidem toxicity on a background of pulmonary hypertension attributed to intravenous injections of crushed tablets is described. A very unusual finding was very fine white stippling on the cut surfaces of both the liver and spleen which was shown on energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to be titanium dioxide most likely from the coating of the zolpidem tablets. This case is significant in demonstrating titanium dioxide accumulation within organs at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, with confirmation of exposure by EDS analysis. The clinical significance of exposure to such high levels of titanium dioxide is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken Neubauer
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roger W Byard
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ozan O, Şeker E, Çakmak G, Guo X, Yilmaz B. Effect of guide sleeve material, region, diameter, and number of times drills were used on the material loss from sleeves and drills used for surgical guides: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:746-753. [PMID: 33832763 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM How material loss from sleeves and drills is affected when different guide sleeve materials and different sizes of implant drills are used for different regions of surgical guides is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the amount of material loss from different guide sleeves (zirconia and cobalt-chromium) and drills of different diameters during osteotomy preparation in different regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three tooth-supported surgical guides with sleeve holes positioned in the first premolar and second molar sites were prepared. Guide sleeves (Ø 2.20 mm, 3.40 mm, and 4.05 mm) were milled from zirconia (n=60) and cobalt-chromium (n=60) blocks. A total of 12 titanium nitride-coated stainless steel twisted drills (n=6 per sleeve material) of different diameters (Ø 2.00, 3.20, 3.85 mm) were used with corresponding sleeves during the drilling. The weight loss from the drills and the volume loss from the guide sleeves after drilling were analyzed by using multiple linear mixed effect models (α=.05). RESULTS According to the 4-way ANOVA for volume loss from sleeves, no significant interaction was found among the 4 main effects (number of times a drill was used, region, diameter, and material), but interactions between the number of times a drill was used and diameter (P=.001) and between the number of times the drill was used and material were significant (P<.001). For weight loss from the drills, a significant interaction was detected between the number of times the drill was used and diameter (P=.024). CONCLUSIONS Less sleeve material was lost when zirconia sleeves were used. All sleeves had more material loss in the molar region than in the premolar region. The diameter had varying effects on the amount of material loss from drills and sleeves. The sleeve material and the region did not affect the material loss from drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Ozan
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Near East University Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Emre Şeker
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dentarma Dental Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul Okan University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- PhD student, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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Kotsakis GA, Olmedo DG. Peri-implantitis is not periodontitis: Scientific discoveries shed light on microbiome-biomaterial interactions that may determine disease phenotype. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:231-240. [PMID: 33690947 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an immune-mediated biological complication that is attributed to bacterial biofilms on the implant surface. As both periodontitis and peri-implantitis have similar inflammatory phenotypes when assessed cross-sectionally, treatment protocols for peri-implantitis were modeled according to those used for periodontitis. However, lack of efficacy of antimicrobial treatments targeting periodontal pathogens coupled with recent discoveries from open-ended microbial investigation studies create a heightened need to revisit the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis compared with that of periodontitis. The tale of biofilm formation on intraoral solid surfaces begins with pellicle formation, which supports initial bacterial adhesion. The differences between implant- and tooth-bound biofilms appear as early as bacterial adhesion commences. The electrostatic forces and ionic bonding that drive initial bacterial adhesion are fundamentally different in the presence of titanium dioxide or other implant alloys vs mineralized organic hydroxyapatite, respectively. Moreover, the interaction between metal surfaces and the oral environment leads to the release of implant degradation products into the peri-implant sulcus, which exposes the microbiota to increased environmental stress and may alter immune responses to bacteria. Clinically, biofilms found in peri-implantitis are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, which are effective against periodontal communities even as monotherapies and demonstrate a composition different from that of biofilms found in periodontitis; these facts strongly suggest that a new model of peri-implant infection is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Kotsakis
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G Olmedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Comino-Garayoa R, Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann J, Peláez J, López-Suárez C, Martínez-González JM, Suárez MJ. Allergies to Titanium Dental Implants: What Do We Really Know about Them? A Scoping Review. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110404. [PMID: 33217944 PMCID: PMC7698636 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The scientific literature repeatedly insists on the success of titanium implants. Nevertheless, the so-called tribocorrosion process releases titanium ions into the surrounding tissues, which can trigger a cascade of reactions, localized or at a distance, or even systemic reactions. Consequently, guidelines should be drawn up before starting treatment; when a hypersensitivity reaction following titanium dental implant placement occurs, a range of treatment alternatives should be clearly established and made available. Abstract The purpose of this scoping review was to describe the current state of knowledge and understanding of allergies to titanium dental implants. A scoping review was conducted following the Prisma Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. An electronic search was performed in five databases complemented by manual and grey literature searches. Fifty-two relevant papers were included for final review. Titanium particles can be released from the surfaces of dental implants in a process called tribocorrosion, which may contribute to bone loss due to inflammatory reaction. Diverse mechanisms have been described that may trigger allergy to titanium, as well as the clinical signs that manifest as the allergy develops. Allergies to titanium are uncommon but represent a real possibility that should not be overlooked in patients requiring prosthodontic rehabilitation with dental implants. Allergy can trigger a range of symptoms. Patients who have already been diagnosed with allergies to other metals will be more predisposed to suffering an allergy to titanium. Further investigation is needed in order to measure the true scope of these allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Comino-Garayoa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-G.); (J.P.); (C.L.-S.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jesús Peláez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-G.); (J.P.); (C.L.-S.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Carlos López-Suárez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-G.); (J.P.); (C.L.-S.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Jose María Martínez-González
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jesús Suárez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-G.); (J.P.); (C.L.-S.); (M.J.S.)
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Abstract
Osseointegration was originally defined as a direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant. It is now said that an implant is regarded as osseointegrated when there is no progressive relative movement between the implant and the bone with which it is in direct contact. Although the term osseointegration was initially used with reference to titanium metallic implants, the concept is currently applied to all biomaterials that have the ability to osseointegrate. Biomaterials are closely related to the mechanism of osseointegration; these materials are designed to be implanted or incorporated into the living system with the aims to substitute for, or regenerate, tissues and tissue functions. Objective evaluation of the properties of the different biomaterials and of the factors that influence bone repair in general, and at the bone tissue-implant interface, is essential to the clinical success of an implant. The Biomaterials Laboratory of the Oral Pathology Department of the School of Dentistry at the University of Buenos Aires is devoted to the study and research of the properties and biological effects of biomaterials for dental implants and bone substitutes. This paper summarizes the research work resulting from over 25 years' experience in this field. It includes studies conducted at our laboratory on the local and systemic factors affecting the peri-implant bone healing process, using experimental models developed by our research team. The results of our research on corrosion, focusing on dental implants, as well as our experience in the evaluation of failed dental implants and bone biopsies obtained following maxillary sinus floor augmentation with bone substitutes, are also reported. Research on biomaterials and their interaction with the biological system is a continuing challenge in biomedicine, which aims to achieve optimal biocompatibility and thus contribute to patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Guglielmotti
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel G Olmedo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rómulo L Cabrini
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sharma S, Sharma RK, Gaur K, Cátala Torres JF, Loza-Rosas SA, Torres A, Saxena M, Julin M, Tinoco AD. Fueling a Hot Debate on the Application of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Sunscreen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2317. [PMID: 31330764 PMCID: PMC6678326 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust and while there are many examples of its bioactive properties and use by living organisms, there are few studies that have probed its biochemical reactivity in physiological environments. In the cosmetic industry, TiO2 nanoparticles are widely used. They are often incorporated in sunscreens as inorganic physical sun blockers, taking advantage of their semiconducting property, which facilitates absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Sunscreens are formulated to protect human skin from the redox activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and are mass-marketed as safe for people and the environment. By closely examining the biological use of TiO2 and the influence of biomolecules on its stability and solubility, we reassess the reactivity of the material in the presence and absence of UV energy. We also consider the alarming impact that TiO2 NP seepage into bodies of water can cause to the environment and aquatic life, and the effect that it can have on human skin and health, in general, especially if it penetrates into the human body and the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Rohit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - José F Cátala Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Anamaris Torres
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA
| | - Manoj Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Mara Julin
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Rats: A Morphological and Metabonomic Study. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:5767012. [PMID: 30941172 PMCID: PMC6421043 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5767012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are produced abundantly and are frequently used as a white pigment in the manufacture of paints, foods, paper, and toothpaste. Despite the wide ranges of uses, there is a lack of information on the impact of NPs on animal and human health. In the present study, rats were exposed to different doses of TiO2 nanoparticles and sacrificed, respectively, 4 days, 1 month, and 2 months after treatment. Dosage of TiO2 in tissues was performed by ICP-AES and revealed an important accumulation of TiO2 in the liver. The nanoparticles induced morphological and physiological alterations in liver and kidney. In the liver, these alterations mainly affect the hepatocytes located around the centrilobular veins. These cells were the site of an oxidative stress evidenced by immunocytochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Kupffer cells are also the site of an important oxidative stress following the massive internalization of TiO2 nanoparticles. Enzymatic markers of liver and kidney functions (such as AST and uric acid) are also disrupted only in animals exposed to highest doses. The metabonomic approach allowed us to detect modifications in urine samples already detectable after 4 days in animals treated at the lowest dose. This metabonomic pattern testifies an oxidative stress as well as renal and hepatic alterations.
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Suárez-López del Amo F, Garaicoa-Pazmiño C, Fretwurst T, Castilho RM, Squarize CH. Dental implants-associated release of titanium particles: A systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29:1085-1100. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Suárez-López del Amo
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Periodontics; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City Oklahoma
| | - Carlos Garaicoa-Pazmiño
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine; University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Rogerio M. Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Cristiane H. Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor Michigan
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12
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Tasat DR, Domingo MG, Bruno ME, Guglielmotti MB, Olmedo DG. Titanium Nanoparticle Size Influences Trace Concentration Levels in Skin Appendages. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:624-632. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623317711808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a result of biotribocorrosion, the surface of a titanium (Ti) biomedical device can be a potential source of systemic contamination with Ti nanoparticles (NPs). Although NPs can be chemically similar, differences in particle size may lead to different biological responses. The aim of this experimental study was to determine Ti trace levels in skin appendages and plasma and explore the influence of NP size on trace levels using a murine model. Results showed the presence of Ti traces in the nails, hair, and plasma. The concentration of the smallest NPs (5 Nm) was higher than that of 10 Nm NPs in all the studied samples. Irrespective of NP size, Ti levels were always lower in plasma than in skin appendages. Ti levels were higher in nails than in hair. Ti NPs size influenced trace concentration levels in hair/nails, suggesting that 5 Nm Ti particles are more easily eliminated through these skin appendages. Given that the nails showed the highest levels of Ti, and that these skin appendages are not exposed to agents that can leach out Ti, as occurs with hair, we propose the nails as the most suitable and reliable bioindicator for monitoring systemic contamination with Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R. Tasat
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela G. Domingo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos E. Bruno
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Guglielmotti
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel G. Olmedo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Cossellu G, Motta V, Dioni L, Angelici L, Vigna L, Farronato G, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Titanium and Zirconium Levels Are Associated with Changes in MicroRNAs Expression: Results from a Human Cross-Sectional Study on Obese Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161916. [PMID: 27611787 PMCID: PMC5017677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study on 90 individuals we aimed at evaluating the microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile associated with personal levels of Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) traced in hair samples. Ti and Zr materials are broadly used for dental implants but the biological reactions triggered by a long term presence of these materials in the oral cavity still need to be assessed. MiRNAs are mechanisms that need to be investigated as they play a fundamental role in the control of gene expression following external stimuli and contribute to a wide range of pathophysiological processes. Methods Using the TaqMan® Low-Density Array, we assessed the expression levels of 377 human miRNAs in peripheral blood of 90 subjects. Hair samples were analyzed for Ti and Zr content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. We performed multivariable regression analysis to investigate the effects of Ti and Zr exposure on miRNA expression levels. We used the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to explore the functional role of the investigated miRNAs and the related target genes. Results Seven miRNAs (miR-99b, miR-142-5p, miR-152, miR-193a-5p, miR-323-3p, miR-335, miR-494) resulted specifically associated with Zr levels. The functional target analysis showed that miRNAs are involved in mechanisms such as inflammation, skeletal and connective tissue disorders. Conclusions Our data suggest that Zr is more bioactive than Ti and show that miRNAs are relevant molecular mechanisms sensitive to Zr exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianguido Cossellu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 10, 20122, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Valeria Motta
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angelici
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Worker’s Health Protection and Promotion Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 10, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Worker’s Health Protection and Promotion Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Anitua E, Pinas L. Pyogenic granuloma in relation to dental implants: Clinical and histopathological findings. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e447-50. [PMID: 26535087 PMCID: PMC4628795 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of pyogenic granuloma in association to dental implants is rare and only five cases have been reported in the literature. Material and Methods Patients charts were analyzed to select patients who had been diagnosed for pyogenic granuloma and its association with dental implants had been evaluated. The clinical status of the dental implants and the prosthesis had also been assessed. Results Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma had been reached for soft mass growth in association with dental implants in 10 patients. Histological analysis of all samples was performed to obtain a firm diagnosis of finding against pyogenic granuloma lesions. Accumulation of dental plaque due to poor oral hygiene and improper design of the prosthesis had been related to the occurrence of pyogenic granuoloma. This lesion showed no predilection to specific surface type and had no significant association with marginal bone loss. Conclusions Pyogenic granuloma should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft mass growth around dental implants. Key words:Reactive lesion, soft mass, pyogenic granuloma, dental implant, titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- Private practice in implantology and oral rehabilitation in Vitoria, Spain
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15
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Jovanović B. Critical review of public health regulations of titanium dioxide, a human food additive. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 11:10-20. [PMID: 25091211 PMCID: PMC4309481 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
From 1916 to 2011, an estimated total of 165050000 metric tons of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) pigment were produced worldwide. Current safety regulations on the usage of the TiO2 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in human food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. This article compiles new research results to provide fresh data for potential risk reassessment. However, even after 45 years, few scientific research reports have provided truly reliable data. For example, administration of very high doses of TiO2 is not relevant to daily human uptake. Nevertheless, because dose makes the poison, the literature provides a valuable source for understanding potential TiO2 toxicity after oral ingestion. Numerous scientific articles have observed that TiO2 can pass and be absorbed by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Such action is contrary to the 1969 decision to approve the use of TiO2 as an inactive ingredient in human food without an established acceptable daily intake, stating that neither significant absorption nor tissue storage following ingestion of TiO2 was possible. Thus, relevant governmental agencies should reassess the safety of TiO2 as an additive in human food and consider establishing an acceptable maximum daily intake as a precautionary measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMunich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMunich, Germany
- Visiting Scientist, Department of Biology, Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara, Turkey
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Bruno ME, Sittner M, Cabrini RL, Guglielmotti MB, Olmedo DG, Tasat DR. In vitro age dependent response of macrophages to micro and nano titanium dioxide particles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:471-8. [PMID: 24733814 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As a result of corrosion, microparticles (MP) and/or nanoparticles (NP) can be released from the metallic implants surface into the bioenvironment. The biological response to these particles depends not only on the physico-chemical properties of the particles but also on host factors, such as age. Macrophages have attracted wide concern in biomedicine. The aim of this investigation was to study the age related biological response of macrophages to TiO2 -MP and NP in vitro. Alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from young and senescent rats were cultured and exposed to TiO2 -MP and NP. Cell metabolism, superoxide anion (O2 (-) ) and nitric oxide (NO) generation, and cytokine release (IL-6, TNFα, IL-10) were measured. Cell metabolism was not affected by particle exposure. O2 (-) and NO generation increased in a dose dependent manner. A marked increase on IL-6 release was found in the young-AM subpopulation exposed to TiO2 -MP. Conversely, both particle sizes induced a dose dependent release of TNFα in senescent-AM. Only the highest concentration of TiO2 -particles caused a significant increase in IL-10 release in AM-cultures. These observations lend strong support to the suggestion that cellular response of macrophages to TiO2 -particles is age dependent. The biological effect of the particles would seem to be more deleterious in the senescent age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Bruno
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bruno ME, Tasat DR, Ramos E, Paparella ML, Evelson P, Rebagliati RJ, Cabrini RL, Guglielmotti MB, Olmedo DG. Impact through time of different sized titanium dioxide particles on biochemical and histopathological parameters. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1439-48. [PMID: 23775874 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to corrosion, a titanium implant surface can be a potential source for the release of micro (MPs) and nano-sized particles (NPs) into the biological environment. This work sought to evaluate the biokinetics of different sized titanium dioxide particles (TiO2 ) and their potential to cause cell damage. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 150 nm, 10 nm, or 5nm TiO2 particles. The presence of TiO2 particles was evaluated in histologic sections of the liver, lung, and kidney and in blood cells at 3 and 12 months. Ultrastructural analysis of liver and lung tissue was performed by TEM, deposit concentration in tissues was determined spectroscopically, and oxidative metabolism was assessed by determining oxidative membrane damage, generation of superoxide anion (O2(-)), and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. TiO2 particles were observed inside mononuclear blood cells and in organ parenchyma at 3 and 12 months. TiO2 deposits were consistently larger in liver than in lung tissue. Alveolar macrophage O2(-) generation and average particle size correlated negatively (p < 0.05). NPs were more reactive and biopersistent in lung tissue than MPs. Antioxidant activity, particularly in the case of 5 nm particles, failed to compensate for membrane damage in liver cells; the damage was consistent with histological evidence of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Bruno
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kathawala MH, Xiong S, Richards M, Ng KW, George S, Loo SCJ. Emerging in vitro models for safety screening of high-volume production nanomaterials under environmentally relevant exposure conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1504-1520. [PMID: 23019115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rising production of nanomaterial-based consumer products has raised safety concerns. Testing these with animal and other direct models is neither ethically nor economically viable, nor quick enough. This review aims to discuss the strength of in vitro testing, including the use of 2D and 3D cultures, stem cells, and tissue constructs, etc., which would give fast and repeatable answers of a highly specific nature, while remaining relevant to in vivo outcomes. These results can then be combined and the overall toxicity predicted with relative accuracy. Such in vitro models can screen potentially toxic nanomaterials which, if required, can undergo further stringent studies in animals. The cyto- and phototoxicity of some high-volume production nanomaterials, using in vitro models, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hussain Kathawala
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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20
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Chung JY, Kim SK, Jung ST, Lee KB. New posterior column reconstruction using titanium lamina mesh after total en bloc spondylectomy of spinal tumour. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2013; 37:469-76. [PMID: 23354689 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-1776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the usefulness of titanium lamina mesh for posterior column reconstruction after total en bloc spondylectomy in patients with spinal tumour and evaluate the radiographic outcomes of this method. METHOD Eight patients who underwent total en bloc spondylectomy with posterior column reconstruction using titanium lamina mesh and bone graft to treat a spinal tumour were included in this study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 50.6 years (range, 16.5-70.9 years) and the mean follow-up duration was 50.2 months (range, 28.1-68.7 months). The pathological lesions were located from the T2 to L1 vertebrae. There were four patients in each primary and metastatic tumour group. For the posterior column reconstruction, titanium lamina mesh was used and bone graft was applied over the lamina mesh. Radiographic evaluation was used to investigate the displacement of lamina mesh and union of the grafted bone above lamina mesh. RESULTS At the postoperative six month follow-up, a bony bridge on the titanium mesh between upper and lower adjacent lamina was observed in all cases, except for one with infection. On the last follow-up, there was no collapse or displacement of titanium lamina mesh, and there was no instability or malalignment of the spinal column. CONCLUSIONS Posterior column reconstruction using titanium lamina mesh during total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumour was a useful surgical option that provided new lamina reconstruction for stability of spinal column and protection of the neural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yoon Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Olmedo DG, Nalli G, Verdú S, Paparella ML, Cabrini RL. Exfoliative Cytology and Titanium Dental Implants: A Pilot Study. J Periodontol 2013; 84:78-83. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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El-Shenawy NS, Mohsen Q, Fadl-allah SA. Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of liver and kidney tissue after implantation of titanium or titanium oxide coated plate in rat tibiae. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1763-1774. [PMID: 22592964 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coating with titanium oxides is a promising method to improve the blood compatibility of materials to be used for medical implants. However, biodegradation of the coating can result in microparticles that subsequently cause oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was carried out to throw some light on the mechanisms affecting the reaction of tissue surroundings Ti implants either in the form of titanium oxide or not in tibiae of rats. The serum collected twice from animals during the period of study and rats were sacrificed after two months of implantation. The complete blood picture, total proteins content and the activities of some serum enzymes were determined as liver biomarker. Kidney function was examined by measuring the levels of serum creatinine and uric acid. The level of lipid peroxidation and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase as well as glutathione content in liver and kidney tissue were evaluated. It has been indicated that the lipid peroxidation is one of the molecular mechanisms involved in Ti-plate induced cytotoxicity however; the TiO(2)-plate did not. The biodegradation of Ti-plate was very slow that could explain why the all enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant not affected by implantation of Ti-plate. The total antioxidant level in serum was better in rats had TiO(2)/Ti-plate than those animals that had Ti-plate. The coating of titanium implants with titanium oxide leads to attaining of reduced the oxidative state in the cells, which enhance the healing process in comparison with the uncoated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Buettner
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ann M. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Umbreit TH, Francke-Carroll S, Weaver JL, Miller TJ, Goering PL, Sadrieh N, Stratmeyer ME. Tissue distribution and histopathological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after intravenous or subcutaneous injection in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:350-7. [PMID: 22447616 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be formed following degradation of medical devices such as orthopedic implants. To evaluate the safety of titanium alloy orthopedic materials, data are needed on the long-term distribution and tissue effects of injected titanium nanoparticles in experimental animals. In this study, we evaluated the tissue distribution and histopathological effects of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles (approximately 120 nm diameter) in mice after intravenous (i.v.; 56 or 560 mg kg(-1) per mouse) or subcutaneous (s.c.; 560 or 5600 mg kg(-1) per mouse) injection on two consecutive days. Animals were examined 1 and 3 days, and 2, 4, 12 and 26 weeks after the final injection. When examined by light microscopy, particle agglomerates identified as TiO(2) were observed mainly in the major filtration organs - liver, lung and spleen - following i.v. injection. Particles were still observed 26 weeks after injection, indicating that tissue clearance is limited. In addition, redistribution within the histological micro-compartments of organs, especially in the spleen, was noted. Following s.c. injection, the largest particle agglomerates were found mainly in the draining inguinal lymph node, and to a lesser extent, the liver, spleen and lung. With the exception of a foreign body response at the site of s.c. injection and the appearance of an increased number of macrophages in the lung and liver, there was no histopathological evidence of tissue damage observed in any tissue at any time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Umbreit
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA.
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Olmedo DG, Tasat DR, Evelson P, Rebagliatti R, Guglielmotti MB, Cabrini RL. In vivo comparative biokinetics and biocompatibility of titanium and zirconium microparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:604-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chimutengwende-Gordon M, Pendegrass C, Blunn G. Enhancing the soft tissue seal around intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses using silanized fibronectin titanium alloy. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:025008. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/2/025008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Scown TM, van Aerle R, Tyler CR. Review: Do engineered nanoparticles pose a significant threat to the aquatic environment? Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 40:653-70. [PMID: 20662713 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.494174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing industry of global economic importance, exploiting the novel characteristics of materials manufactured at the nanoscale. The properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) that make them useful in a wide range of industrial applications, however, have led to concerns regarding their potential impact on human and environmental health. The aquatic environment is particularly at risk of exposure to ENPs, as it acts as a sink for most environmental contaminants. This paper critically evaluates what is currently known about sources and discharge of ENPs to the aquatic environment and how the physicochemical characteristics of ENPs affect their fate and behaviour and thus availability for uptake into aquatic organisms, and assesses reported toxicological effects. Having reviewed the ecotoxicological information, the conclusion is that whilst there are data indicating some nanoparticles have the potential to induce harm in exposed aquatic organisms, there is insufficient evidence for harm, for known/modelled environmental concentrations for almost all ENPs considered. This conclusion, however, must be balanced by the fact that there are significant gaps in our understanding on the fate and behaviour of ENPs in the aquatic environment. Greater confidence in the assessments on ENP impacts in aquatic systems to enable effective comparisons across studies urgently requires more standardised approaches for ENP hazard identification, and critically, more thorough characterisations on the exposed particles. There is also an urgent need for the advancement of tools and techniques that can accurately quantify and visualise uptake of nanoparticles into biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Scown
- Ecotoxicology and Aquatic Biology Research Group, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Olmedo D, Paparella M, Brandizzi D, Cabrini R. Reactive lesions of peri-implant mucosa associated with titanium dental implants: a report of 2 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:503-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Moon C, Park HJ, Choi YH, Park EM, Castranova V, Kang JL. Pulmonary inflammation after intraperitoneal administration of ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2) at rest or in lungs primed with lipopolysaccharide. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2010; 73:396-409. [PMID: 20155581 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903486543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely used in nanomedicines, including for targeted delivery of pharmacological, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents. Since nanoparticles might translocate across cellular barriers from the circulation into targeted organs, it is important to obtain information concerning the pathophysiologic effects of these particles through systemic migration. In the present study, acute pulmonary responses were examined after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO(2), 40 mg/kg) in mice at rest or in lungs primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, ip, 5 mg/kg). Ultrafine TiO(2) exposure increased neutrophil influx, protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of BAL cells 4 h after exposure. Concomitantly, the levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 in BAL fluid and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in lung tissue were elevated post ultrafine TiO(2) exposure. Ultrafine TiO(2) exposure resulted in significant activation of inflammatory signaling molecules, such as c-Src and p38 MAP kinase, in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages, and the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway in pulmonary tissue. Furthermore, ultrafine TiO(2) additively enhanced these inflammatory parameters and this signaling pathway in lungs primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Contrary to this trend, a synergistic effect was found for TNF-alpha at the level of protein and mRNA expression. These results suggest that ultrafine TiO(2) (P25) induces acute lung inflammation after ip administration, and exhibits additive or synergistic effects with LPS, at least partly, via activation of oxidant-dependent inflammatory signaling and the NF-kappaB pathway, leading to increased production of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuk Moon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sarmiento-González A, Encinar JR, Marchante-Gayón JM, Sanz-Medel A. Titanium levels in the organs and blood of rats with a titanium implant, in the absence of wear, as determined by double-focusing ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:335-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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