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Lyophilization for Formulation Optimization of Drug-Loaded Thermoresponsive Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanogels from Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030929. [PMID: 36986789 PMCID: PMC10053597 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The lyophilization of nanogels is practical not only for their long-term conservation but also for adjusting their concentration and dispersant type during reconstitution for different applications. However, lyophilization strategies must be adapted to each kind of nanoformulation in order to minimize aggregation after reconstitution. In this work, the effects of formulation aspects (i.e., charge ratio, polymer concentration, thermoresponsive grafts, polycation type, cryoprotectant type, and concentration) on particle integrity after lyophilization and reconstitution for different types of polyelectrolyte complex nanogels (PEC-NGs) from hyaluronic acid (HA) were investigated. The main objective was to find the best approach for freeze-drying thermoresponsive PEC-NGs from Jeffamine-M-2005-functionalized HA, which has recently been developed as a potential platform for drug delivery. It was found that freeze-drying PEC-NG suspensions prepared at a relatively low polymer concentration of 0.2 g.L−1 with 0.2% (m/v) trehalose as a cryoprotectant allow the homogeneous redispersion of PEC-NGs when concentrated at 1 g.L−1 upon reconstitution in PBS without important aggregation (i.e., average particle size remaining under 350 nm), which could be applied to concentrate curcumin (CUR)-loaded PEC-NGs for optimizing CUR content. The thermoresponsive release of CUR from such concentrated PEC-NGs was also reverified, which showed a minor effect of freeze-drying on the drug release profile.
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2
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Viola M, Migliorini C, Matricardi P, Di Meo C. Synthesis and characterization of a novel amphiphilic polyacrylate-cholesterol derivative as promising material for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Baawad A, Dhameri S, Park J, Murphy K, Kim DS. Rheological properties and decomposition rates of Gellan gum/hyaluronic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate mixtures. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:15-25. [PMID: 35537591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on the mixture of low acyl gellan gum (LA-GAGR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were investigated for the rheological properties and decomposition rates. All the tested mixture samples exhibited shear-thinning and typical viscoelastic behaviors. The sample made with 1.0% TCP and 0.30% LA-GAGR had the highest viscosity and loss and storage moduli and displayed gel-like behavior with the highest swelling capacity. The same mixture also exhibited the lowest average cumulative decomposition rate. High concentrations of LA-GAGR and TCP increased the degree of cross-linking of the polysaccharides, and as a result, the mixture was more elastic and less fluidic and decomposed slower. The samples prepared by gradual mixing of LA-GAGR and TCP decomposed slower than the sample prepared by sudden mixing, which indicates the well-dispersed TCP enhanced cross-linking of the polymers. This study demonstrates the possible applicability of natural polysaccharide-based shear-thinning gels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sulaiman Dhameri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kelsey Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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4
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Di Matteo S, Di Meo C, Carpino G, Zoratto N, Cardinale V, Nevi L, Overi D, Costantini D, Pinto C, Montanari E, Marzioni M, Maroni L, Benedetti A, Viola M, Coviello T, Matricardi P, Gaudio E, Alvaro D. Therapeutic effects of dexamethasone-loaded hyaluronan nanogels in the experimental cholestasis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1959-1973. [PMID: 35226290 PMCID: PMC9242918 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A major function of the intrahepatic biliary epithelium is bicarbonate excretion in bile. Recent reports indicate that budesonide, a corticosteroid with high receptor affinity and hepatic first pass clearance, increases the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid, a choleretic agent, in primary biliary cholangitis patients. We have previously reported that bile ducts isolated from rats treated with dexamethasone or budesonide showed an enhanced activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger protein 2 (AE2) . Increasing the delivery of steroids to the liver may result in three beneficial effects: increase in the choleresis, treatment of the autoimmune or inflammatory liver injury and reduction of steroids' systemic harmful effects. In this study, the steroid dexamethasone was loaded into nanohydrogels (or nanogels, NHs), in order to investigate corticosteroid-induced increased activities of transport processes driving bicarbonate excretion in the biliary epithelium (NHE-1 isoform) and to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone-loaded NHs (NHs/dex) on liver injury induced by experimental cholestatis. Our results showed that NHs and NHs/dex do not reduce cell viability in vitro in human cholangiocyte cell lines. Primary and immortalized human cholangiocytes treated with NHs/dex show an increase in the functional marker expression of NHE1 cholangiocytes compared to control groups. A mouse model of cholangiopathy treated with NHs/dex shows a reduction in markers of hepatocellular injury compared to control groups (NHs, dex, or sham group). In conclusion, we believe that the NHs/dex formulation is a suitable candidate to be investigated in preclinical models of cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Di Matteo
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Childrens Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Division of Health Sciences, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Zoratto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Forensic, Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Costantini
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elita Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Maroni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Benedetti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Viola
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Department of Movement, Division of Health Sciences, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Movement, Division of Health Sciences, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Forensic, Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Zoratto N, Forcina L, Matassa R, Mosca L, Familiari G, Musarò A, Mattei M, Coviello T, Di Meo C, Matricardi P. Hyaluronan-Cholesterol Nanogels for the Enhancement of the Ocular Delivery of Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111781. [PMID: 34834195 PMCID: PMC8619261 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomy and physiology of the eye strongly limit the bioavailability of locally administered drugs. The entrapment of therapeutics into nanocarriers represents an effective strategy for the topical treatment of several ocular disorders, as they may protect the embedded molecules, enabling drug residence on the ocular surface and/or its penetration into different ocular compartments. The present work shows the activity of hyaluronan-cholesterol nanogels (NHs) as ocular permeation enhancers. Thanks to their bioadhesive properties, NHs firmly interact with the superficial corneal epithelium, without penetrating the stroma, thus modifying the transcorneal penetration of loaded therapeutics. Ex vivo transcorneal permeation experiments show that the permeation of hydrophilic drugs (i.e., tobramycin and diclofenac sodium salt), loaded in NHs, is significantly enhanced when compared to the free drug solutions. On the other side, the permeation of hydrophobic drugs (i.e., dexamethasone and piroxicam) is strongly dependent on the water solubility of the entrapped molecules. The obtained results suggest that NHs formulations can improve the ocular bioavailability of the instilled drugs by increasing their preocular retention time (hydrophobic drugs) or facilitating their permeation (hydrophilic drugs), thus opening the route for the application of HA-based NHs in the treatment of both anterior and posterior eye segment diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zoratto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (N.Z.); (T.C.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Matassa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Center for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture (CIMETA), University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (N.Z.); (T.C.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (N.Z.); (T.C.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (N.Z.); (T.C.); (C.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Hanieh PN, Forte J, Di Meo C, Ammendolia MG, Del Favero E, Cantù L, Rinaldi F, Marianecci C, Carafa M. Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Effect on Niosomal Coating and Interaction with Cellular Mimetic Membranes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113434. [PMID: 34198955 PMCID: PMC8201220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the most used biopolymers in the development of drug delivery systems, due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity and intrinsic-targeting properties. HA specifically binds to CD44; this property combined to the EPR effect could provide an option for reinforced active tumor targeting by nanocarriers, improving drug uptake by the cancer cells via the HA-CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Moreover, HA can be easily chemically modified to tailor its physico-chemical properties in view of specific applications. The derivatization with cholesterol confers to HA an amphiphilic character, and then the ability of anchoring to niosomes. HA-Chol was then used to coat Span® or Tween® niosomes providing them with an intrinsic targeting shell. The nanocarrier physico-chemical properties were analyzed in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential, and bilayer structural features to evaluate the difference between naked and HA-coated niosomes. Niosomes stability was evaluated over time and in bovine serum. Moreover, interaction properties of HA-coated nanovesicles with model membranes, namely liposomes, were studied, to obtain insights on their interaction behavior with biological membranes in future experiments. The obtained coated systems showed good chemical physical features and represent a good opportunity to carry out active targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia N. Hanieh
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzle A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (P.N.H.); (J.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Jacopo Forte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzle A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (P.N.H.); (J.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzle A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (P.N.H.); (J.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Ammendolia
- Centro Nazionale Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00162 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Tecnologie Avanzate (L.I.T.A.), Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (E.D.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Cantù
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Tecnologie Avanzate (L.I.T.A.), Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (E.D.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzle A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (P.N.H.); (J.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzle A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (P.N.H.); (J.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Carafa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzle A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (P.N.H.); (J.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.C.)
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7
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Montanari E, Mancini P, Galli F, Varani M, Santino I, Coviello T, Mosca L, Matricardi P, Rancan F, Di Meo C. Biodistribution and intracellular localization of hyaluronan and its nanogels. A strategy to target intracellular S. aureus in persistent skin infections. J Control Release 2020; 326:1-12. [PMID: 32553788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens are a critical challenge for antimicrobial therapies. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes approximately 85% of all skin and soft tissue infections in humans worldwide and more than 30% of patients develop chronic or recurrent infections within three months, even after appropriate antibacterial therapies. S. aureus is also one of the most common bacteria found in chronic wounds. Recent evidences suggest that S. aureus is able to persist within phagolysosomes of skin cells (i.e. keratinocytes, phagocytic cells), being protected from both the immune system and a number of antimicrobials. To overcome these limits, nano-formulations that enable targeted therapies against intracellular S. aureus might be developed. Herein, the biodistribution and intracellular localisation of hyaluronan (HA) and HA-based nanoparticles (nanogels, NHs) are investigated, both after intravenous (i.v.) injections (in mice) and topical administrations (in ex vivo human skin). Results indicate HA and NHs accumulate especially in skin and liver of mice after i.v. injection. After topical application on human skin explants, no penetration of both HA and NHs was detected in skin with intact stratum corneum. By contrast, in barrier-disrupted human skin (with partial removal and loosening of stratum corneum), HA and NHs penetrate to the viable epidermis and are taken up by keratinocytes. In mechanically produced wounds (skin without epidermis) they accumulate in wound tissue and are taken up by dermis cells, e.g. fibroblasts and phagocytic cells. Interestingly, in all cases, the cellular uptake is CD44-mediated. In vitro studies confirmed that after CD44-mediated uptake, both HA and NHs accumulate in lysosomes of dermal fibroblasts and macrophages, as previously reported for keratinocytes. Finally, the colocalisation between intracellular S. aureus and HA or NHs is demonstrated, in macrophages. Altogether, for the first time, these results strongly suggest that HA and HA-based NHs can provide a targeted therapy to intracellular S. aureus, in persistent skin or wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Montanari
- Departments of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - F Galli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - M Varani
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - I Santino
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - T Coviello
- Departments of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - L Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - P Matricardi
- Departments of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - F Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Di Meo
- Departments of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Zoratto N, Grillo I, Matricardi P, Dreiss CA. Supramolecular gels of cholesterol-modified gellan gum with disc-like and worm-like micelles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:301-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Montanari E, Di Meo C, Coviello T, Gueguen V, Pavon-Djavid G, Matricardi P. Intracellular Delivery of Natural Antioxidants via Hyaluronan Nanohydrogels. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100532. [PMID: 31615083 PMCID: PMC6835714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants, such as astaxanthin (AX), resveratrol (RV) and curcumin (CU), are bioactive molecules that show a number of therapeutic effects. However, their applications are remarkably limited by their poor water solubility, physico-chemical instability and low bioavailability. In the present work, it is shown that self-assembled hyaluronan (HA)-based nanohydrogels (NHs) are taken up by endothelial cells (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, HUVECs), preferentially accumulating in the perinuclear area of oxidatively stressed HUVECs, as evidenced by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses. Furthermore, NHs are able to physically entrap and to significantly enhance the apparent water solubility of AX, RV and CU in aqueous media. AX/NHs, RV/NHs and CU/NHs systems showed good hydrodynamic diameters (287, 214 and 267 nm, respectively), suitable ζ-potential values (-45, -43 and -37 mV, respectively) and the capability to neutralise reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tube. AX/NHs system was also able to neutralise ROS in vitro and did not show any toxicity against HUVECs. This research suggests that HA-based NHs can represent a kind of nano-carrier suitable for the intracellular delivery of antioxidant agents, for the treatment of oxidative stress in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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10
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Montanari E, Zoratto N, Mosca L, Cervoni L, Lallana E, Angelini R, Matassa R, Coviello T, Di Meo C, Matricardi P. Halting hyaluronidase activity with hyaluronan-based nanohydrogels: development of versatile injectable formulations. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:209-220. [PMID: 31227160 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is among the most used biopolymers for viscosupplementation and dermocosmetics. However, the current injectable HA-based formulations present relevant limitations: I) unmodified HA is quickly degraded by endogenous hyaluronidases (HAase), resulting in short lasting properties; II) cross-linked HA, although shows enhanced stability against HAase, often contains toxic chemical cross-linkers. As such, herein, we present biocompatible self-assembled hyaluronan-cholesterol nanohydrogels (HA-CH NHs) able to bind to HAase and inhibit the enzyme activity in vitro, more efficiently than currently marketed HA-based cross-linked formulations (e.g. Jonexa™). HA-CH NHs inhibit HAase through a mixed mechanism, by which NHs bind to HAase with an affinity constant 7-fold higher than that of native HA. Similar NHs, based on gellan-CH, evidenced no binding to HAase, neither inhibition of the enzyme activity, suggesting this effect might be due to the specific binding of HA-CH to the active site of the enzyme. Therefore, HA-CH NHs were engineered into injectable hybrid HA mixtures or physical hydrogels, able to halt the enzymatic degradation of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - N Zoratto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - L Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - L Cervoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - E Lallana
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - R Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome I-00185, Italy; Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - R Matassa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - T Coviello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - C Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - P Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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11
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Costanzo M, Vurro F, Cisterna B, Boschi F, Marengo A, Montanari E, Meo CD, Matricardi P, Berlier G, Stella B, Arpicco S, Malatesta M. Uptake and intracellular fate of biocompatible nanocarriers in cycling and noncycling cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:301-316. [PMID: 30667300 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate whether different cytokinetic features (i.e., presence or absence of mitotic activity) may influence cell uptake and distribution of nanocarriers, in vitro tests on liposomes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles and nanohydrogels were carried out on C2C12 murine muscle cells either able to proliferate as myoblasts (cycling cells) or terminally differentiate into myotubes (noncycling cells). MATERIALS & METHODS Cell uptake and intracellular fate of liposomes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles and nanohydrogels were investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Nanocarrier internalization and distribution were similar in myoblasts and myotubes; however, myotubes demonstrated a lower uptake capability. CONCLUSION All nanocarriers proved to be suitably biocompatible for both myoblasts and myotubes. The lower uptake capability of myotubes is probably due to different plasma membrane composition related to the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Costanzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 - 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Vurro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 - 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Cisterna
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 - 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15 - 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marengo
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria, 9 - 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elita Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gloria Berlier
- Department of Chemistry & NIS Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria, 7 - 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria, 9 - 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria, 9 - 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 - 37134 Verona, Italy
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12
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Di Meo C, Martínez-Martínez M, Coviello T, Bermejo M, Merino V, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Matricardi P. Long-Circulating Hyaluronan-Based Nanohydrogels as Carriers of Hydrophobic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040213. [PMID: 30400294 PMCID: PMC6320896 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanohydrogels based on natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, are gaining interest as vehicles for therapeutic agents, as they can modify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the carried drugs. In this work, hyaluronan-riboflavin nanohydrogels were tested in vivo in healthy rats highlighting their lack of toxicity, even at high doses, and their different biodistribution with respect to that of native hyaluronan. They were also exploited as carriers of a hydrophobic model drug, the anti-inflammatory piroxicam, that was physically embedded within the nanohydrogels by an autoclave treatment. The nanoformulation was tested by intravenous administration showing an improvement of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the molecule. The obtained results indicate that hyaluronan-based self-assembled nanohydrogels are suitable systems for low-soluble drug administration, by increasing the dose as well as the circulation time of poorly available therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mayte Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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13
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Musazzi UM, Cencetti C, Franzé S, Zoratto N, Di Meo C, Procacci P, Matricardi P, Cilurzo F. Gellan Nanohydrogels: Novel Nanodelivery Systems for Cutaneous Administration of Piroxicam. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1028-1036. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M. Musazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Giuseppe Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cencetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Giuseppe Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Zoratto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Procacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via Giuseppe Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Giuseppe Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
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14
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Manconi M, Manca ML, Caddeo C, Valenti D, Cencetti C, Diez-Sales O, Nacher A, Mir-Palomo S, Terencio MC, Demurtas D, Gomez-Fernandez JC, Aranda FJ, Fadda AM, Matricardi P. Nanodesign of new self-assembling core-shell gellan-transfersomes loading baicalin and in vivo evaluation of repair response in skin. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:569-579. [PMID: 29248674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gellan nanohydrogel and phospholipid vesicles were combined to incorporate baicalin in new self-assembling core-shell gellan-transfersomes obtained by an easy, scalable method. The vesicles were small in size (~107 nm) and monodispersed (P.I. ≤ 0.24), forming a viscous system (~24 mPa/s) as compared to transfersomes (~1.6 mPa/s), as confirmed by rheological studies. Gellan was anchored to the bilayer domains through cholesterol, and the polymer chains were distributed onto the outer surface of the bilayer, thus forming a core-shell structure, as suggested by SAXS analyses. The optimal carrier ability of core-shell gellan-transfersomes was established by the high deposition of baicalin in the skin (~11% in the whole skin), especially in the deeper tissue (~8% in the dermis). Moreover, their ability to improve baicalin efficacy in anti-inflammatory and skin repair tests was confirmed in vivo in mice, providing the complete skin restoration and inhibiting all the studied inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manconi
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Cencetti
- Dept. of Drug chemistry and technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Octavio Diez-Sales
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Inter-University Institute from Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Nacher
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Inter-University Institute from Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Mir-Palomo
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Inter-University Institute from Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Davide Demurtas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan Carmelo Gomez-Fernandez
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Aranda
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Dept. of Drug chemistry and technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, Roma, Italy
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15
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Vicario-de-la-Torre M, Forcada J. The Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Nanogels in Drug and Active Molecule Delivery for Targeted Therapy. Gels 2017; 3:E16. [PMID: 30920515 PMCID: PMC6318695 DOI: 10.3390/gels3020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels (NGs) are currently under extensive investigation due to their unique properties, such as small particle size, high encapsulation efficiency and protection of active agents from degradation, which make them ideal candidates as drug delivery systems (DDS). Stimuli-responsive NGs are cross-linked nanoparticles (NPs), composed of polymers, natural, synthetic, or a combination thereof that can swell by absorption (uptake) of large amounts of solvent, but not dissolve due to the constituent structure of the polymeric network. NGs can undergo change from a polymeric solution (swell form) to a hard particle (collapsed form) in response to (i) physical stimuli such as temperature, ionic strength, magnetic or electric fields; (ii) chemical stimuli such as pH, ions, specific molecules or (iii) biochemical stimuli such as enzymatic substrates or affinity ligands. The interest in NGs comes from their multi-stimuli nature involving reversible phase transitions in response to changes in the external media in a faster way than macroscopic gels or hydrogels due to their nanometric size. NGs have a porous structure able to encapsulate small molecules such as drugs and genes, then releasing them by changing their volume when external stimuli are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- Bionanoparticles Group, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
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16
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Zoratto N, Palmieri FR, Cencetti C, Montanari E, Di Meo C, Manca ML, Manconi M, Matricardi P. Design of Hybrid Gels Based on Gellan-Cholesterol Derivative and P90G Liposomes for Drug Depot Applications. Gels 2017; 3:E18. [PMID: 30920514 PMCID: PMC6318693 DOI: 10.3390/gels3020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gels are extensively studied in the drug delivery field because of their potential benefits in therapeutics. Depot gel systems fall in this area, and the interest in their development has been focused on long-lasting, biocompatible, and resorbable delivery devices. The present work describes a new class of hybrid gels that stem from the interaction between liposomes based on P90G phospholipid and the cholesterol derivative of the polysaccharide gellan. The mechanical properties of these gels and the delivery profiles of the anti-inflammatory model drug diclofenac embedded in such systems confirmed the suitability of these hybrid gels as a good candidate for drug depot applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zoratto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Romana Palmieri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cencetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Elita Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza, University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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17
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Paese K, Ortiz M, Frank LA, Külkamp-Guerreiro IC, Rolim CMB, Barros DM, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Production of Isotonic, Sterile, and Kinetically Stable Lipid-Core Nanocapsules for Injectable Administration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:212-223. [PMID: 26956145 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) were designed and prepared as a colloidal system for drug targeting to improve the stability of drugs and allow their controlled release. For parenteral administration, it is necessary to ensure formulation sterility. However, sterilization of nanotechnological devices using an appropriate technique that keeps the supramolecular structure intact remains a challenge. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of autoclaving on the physicochemical characteristics of LNC. Formulations were prepared by the self-assembling method, followed by isotonization and sterilization at varying times and temperatures. The isotonicity was confirmed by determining the freezing temperature, which was -0.51°C. The formulation was broadly characterized, and the diameter of the particles was determined utilizing complementary methods. To evaluate the chemical stability of poly(ε-caprolactone), its molecular weight was determined by size exclusion chromatography. The physicochemical characteristics (average diameter, viscosity, and physical stability) of the formulation were similar before and after adding glycerol and conducting the sterilization at the highest temperature (134°C) and the shorter exposure time (10 min). After autoclaving, the sterility test was performed and showed no detectable microbial growth. Multiple light scattering demonstrated that the formulations were kinetically stable, and the mean diameter was constant for 6 months, corroborating this result. The polymer was chemically stable in the sterilized formulation. Isotonic and sterile LNC aqueous suspensions were produced using glycerol and autoclaving. Briefly, the results open an opportunity to produce an isotonic and sterile LNC aqueous dispersion applicable as nanomedicine for intravenous administration in clinical trials.
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18
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Gou J, Chao Y, Liang Y, Zhang N, He H, Yin T, Zhang Y, Xu H, Tang X. Humid Heat Autoclaving of Hybrid Nanoparticles Achieved by Decreased Nanoparticle Concentration and Improved Nanoparticle Stability Using Medium Chain Triglycerides as a Modifier. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2140-51. [PMID: 27251415 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humid heat autoclaving is a facile technique widely used in the sterilization of injections, but the high temperature employed would destroy nanoparticles composed of biodegradable polymers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether incorporation of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) could stabilize nanoparticles composed of poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polycaprolactone (PEG-b-PCL) during autoclaving (121°C, 10 min). METHODS Polymeric nanoparticles with different MCT contents were prepared by dialysis. Block copolymer degradation was studied by GPC. The critical aggregation concentrations of nanoparticles at different temperatures were determined using pyrene fluorescence. The size, morphology and weight averaged molecular weight of pristine/autoclaved nanoparticles were studied using DLS, TEM and SLS, respectively. Drug loading content and release profile were determined using RP-HPLC. RESULTS The protecting effect of MCT on nanoparticles was dependent on the amount of MCT incorporated. Nanoparticles with high MCT contents, which assumed an emulsion-like morphology, showed reduced block copolymer degradation and particle disassociation after incubation at 100°C for 24 h. Nanoparticles with high MCT content showed the lowest critical aggregation concentration (CAC) under either room temperature or 60°C and the lowest particle concentration among all samples. And the particle size, drug loading content, physical stability and release profile of nanoparticles with high MCT contents remained nearly unchanged after autoclaving. CONCLUSION Incorporation of high amount of MCT changed the morphology of PEG-b-PCL based nanoparticles to an emulsion-like structure and the nanoparticles prepared could withstand autoclaving due to improved particle stability and decreased particle concentration caused by MCT incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanhui Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuheng Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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