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Souza JPA, Melo DJ, Moliterno AAC, Figueiredo L, Zarbin PHG. Deciphering the Absolute Configuration of Murgantiol Isomers in the Pheromone Blend of the Rice Stink Bug, Mormidea v-luteum (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301860. [PMID: 38403856 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The males-produced pheromone blend of the Mormidea v-luteum (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) consists in two isomers of zingiberenol (1) and three of murgantiol (2). While the absolute configuration of the zingiberenol isomers has been described, the configurations of the murgantiol isomers remained unexplored. So, our objective was to identify the absolute configuration of the murgantiol isomers (2 a-c) in the pheromone blend. To achieve this, we initially performed dehydration of the natural extract followed by enantiomeric resolution and, as a result, the three isomers was identified as (4R,1'S)-murgantiol. By leveraging the fixed cis and trans relationships among all pheromone components, we established the configuration at C-1 for isomers 2 a and 2 b is S, while that of 2 c is R. Finally, employing microchemical Sharples asymmetric dihydroxylation and epoxide ring closure, we determined the absolute configuration of the epoxide ring. Consequently, the natural isomers 2 a, 2 b, and 2 c were identified as (1S,4R,1'S,4'R)-, (1S,4R,1'S,4'S)-, and (1R,4R,1'S,4'S)-murgantiol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P A Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas J Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Figueiredo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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2
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Godoy R, Arias I, Venthur H, Quiroz A, Mutis A. Characterization of Two Aldehyde Oxidases from the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with Potential Role as Odorant-Degrading Enzymes. INSECTS 2022; 13:1143. [PMID: 36555053 PMCID: PMC9782417 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) are proposed to degrade/inactivate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on a millisecond timescale. Thus, ODEs play an important role in the insect olfactory system as a reset mechanism. The inhibition of these enzymes could incapacitate the olfactory system and, consequently, disrupt chemical communication, promoting and complementing the integrated pest management strategies. Here, we report two novel aldehyde oxidases, AOX-encoding genes GmelAOX2 and GmelAOX3, though transcriptomic analysis in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. GmelAOX2 was clustered in a clade with ODE function, according to phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, to unravel the profile of volatiles that G. mellonella might face besides the sex pheromone blend, VOCs were trapped from honeycombs and the identification was made by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that GmelAXO2 has a sex-biased expression, and qRT-PCR indicated that both GmelAOX2 and GmelAOX3 have a higher relative expression in male antennae rather than female antennae. A functional assay revealed that antennal extracts had the strongest enzymatic activity against undecanal (4-fold) compared to benzaldehyde (control). Our data suggest that these enzymes have a crucial role in metabolizing sex pheromone compounds as well as plant-derived aldehydes, which are related to honeycombs and the life cycle of G. mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Godoy
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Ignacio Arias
- Carrera Bioquímica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Herbert Venthur
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Stink Bug Communication and Signal Detection in a Plant Environment. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121058. [PMID: 34940147 PMCID: PMC8705670 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants influenced the evolution of plant-dwelling stink bugs' systems underlying communication with chemical and substrate-borne vibratory signals. Plant volatiles provides cues that increase attractiveness or interfere with the probability of finding a mate in the field. Mechanical properties of herbaceous hosts and associated plants alter the frequency, amplitude, and temporal characteristics of stink bug species and sex-specific vibratory signals. The specificity of pheromone odor tuning has evolved through highly specific odorant receptors located within the receptor membrane. The narrow-band low-frequency characteristics of the signals produced by abdomen vibration and the frequency tuning of the highly sensitive subgenual organ vibration receptors match with filtering properties of the plants enabling optimized communication. A range of less sensitive mechanoreceptors, tuned to lower vibration frequencies, detect signals produced by other mechanisms used at less species-specific levels of communication in a plant environment. Whereas the encoding of frequency-intensity and temporal parameters of stink bug vibratory signals is relatively well investigated at low levels of processing in the ventral nerve cord, processing of this information and its integration with other modalities at higher neuronal levels still needs research attention.
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Identification of Zingiberenol and Murgantiol as Components of the Aggregation-Sex Pheromone of the Rice Stink Bug, Mormidea v-luteum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). J Chem Ecol 2020; 47:1-9. [PMID: 33135108 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mormidea v-luteum (Lichtenstein, 1796) feeds on commercial crops, such as rice and ryegrass, causing damage that slows growth and reduces productivity. With the aim of developing an eco-friendly control technique, we investigated the compounds involved in chemical communication in this species. The volatiles produced by a group of seven males or females allocated to different aerated glass chambers were collected for 24 h and analyzed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The analyses showed six male-specific compounds, identified as two isomers of zingiberenol (compounds 1 and 2), three isomers of murgantiol (3, 5 and 6) and sesquipiperitol (4). Compounds 1 and 5 were the major components and were produced in a ratio of 6:4. The absolute stereochemistry of the two isomers of zingiberenol was established as (1S,4R,1'S)-1 and (1R,4R,1'S)-2 by chiral gas chromatography. Stereochemistry was not determined for all the other molecules. To confirm the attractiveness of these chemicals, bioassays were performed in a Y-tube olfactometer, first using crude extracts and, subsequently, synthetic compounds. Male volatiles were attractive to both sexes, demonstrating an aggregation pheromone. In bioassays with synthetic compounds, (1'S)-zingiberenol was highly attractive to both males and females. However, when (1'S)-murgantiol was tested, only females were attracted. Interestingly, when a mixture of zingiberenol and murgantiol isomers was tested, it was attractive to both sexes, with females more attracted to the mixture than to zingiberenol alone; males did not distinguish between treatments. Thus, the bioassay data suggest that the molecules have different functions in chemical communication of this species: zingiberenol acts primarily as an aggregation pheromone, while murgantiol plays a role as a sex pheromone.
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Shi ZZ, Miao FP, Fang ST, Yin XL, Ji NY. Trichobisabolins A-H, eight new bisabolane derivatives from the marine-alga-epiphytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum Y6–2. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:372-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Groba HF, Martínez G, Rossini C, González A. Diel Periodicity of 3-Methyl-2-Butenyl Butyrate Emissions by Bronze Bug Males Is Suppressed in the Presence of Females. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:18-24. [PMID: 29417428 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), is an exotic emerging pest in Eucalyptus commercial forests in South America, Africa, and southern Europe. Information on the chemical communication system and reproductive ecology of this insect is scant, and it may be relevant for designing management strategies for eucalypt plantations. Males emit large amounts of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, which attracts conspecific adult males but not females. To learn more about the biological function of this putative male-produced pheromone, we quantified this compound in volatile emissions collected from males, females, and couples, in three 4-h collecting periods during the morning, afternoon, and night of a single 24-h cycle. Our results showed that virgin males emit 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate in a diel time pattern, with an almost sevenfold difference between the afternoon emission peak compared to morning or night hours. In addition, we show that in the presence of females, males emit the compound in the same amounts throughout the photocycle. While a definite function cannot yet be attributed to the emission of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate by T. peregrinus males, our findings point to an intraspecific function, possibly one related to male-male competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Groba
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - G Martínez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - C Rossini
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A González
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
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An IDS-Type Sesquiterpene Synthase Produces the Pheromone Precursor (Z)-α-Bisabolene in Nezara viridula. J Chem Ecol 2018; 45:187-197. [PMID: 30267360 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Insects use a wide range of structurally diverse pheromones for intra-specific communication. Compounds in the class of terpenes are emitted as sex, aggregation, alarm, or trail pheromones. Despite the common occurrence of terpene pheromones in different insect lineages, their origin from dietary host plant precursors or de novo biosynthetic pathways often remains unknown. Several stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) release bisabolene-type sesquiterpenes for aggregation and mating. Here we provide evidence for de novo biosynthesis of the sex pheromone trans-/cis-(Z)-α-bisabolene epoxide of the Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula. We show that an enzyme (NvTPS) related to isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs) of the core terpene metabolic pathway functions as a terpene synthase (TPS), which converts the general intermediate (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to the putative pheromone precursor (+)-(S,Z)-α-bisabolene in vitro and in protein lysates. A second identified IDS-type protein (NvFPPS) makes the TPS substrate (E,E)-FPP and functions as a bona fide FPP synthase. NvTPS is highly expressed in male epidermal tissue associated with the cuticle of ventral sternites, which is in agreement with the male specific release of the pheromone from glandular cells in this tissue. Our study supports findings of the function of similar TPS enzymes in the biosynthesis of aggregation pheromones from the pine engraver beetle Ips pini, the striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata, and the harlequin bug Murgantia histrionica, and hence provides growing evidence for the evolution of terpene de novo biosynthesis by IDS-type TPS families in insects.
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De novo formation of an aggregation pheromone precursor by an isoprenyl diphosphate synthase-related terpene synthase in the harlequin bug. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8634-E8641. [PMID: 30139915 PMCID: PMC6140472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800008115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many insects release volatile terpenes for chemical communication. However, the biosynthetic origin and evolution of these infochemicals are mostly unknown. We show that the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica, a stink bug pest (Hemiptera) of crucifer crops, produces a terpene aggregation pheromone by an enzyme that is unrelated to microbial and plant terpene synthases. M. histrionica terpene synthase activity is highly sex- and tissue-specific and makes a sesquiterpene alcohol, so far unknown in animals, as pheromone precursor. The enzyme evolved from ancestral isoprenyl diphosphate synthases and provides new evidence for de novo biosynthesis of terpenes in hemipteran insects. Knowledge of pheromone biosynthesis in stink bugs may lead to the development of new controls of these pests. Insects use a diverse array of specialized terpene metabolites as pheromones in intraspecific interactions. In contrast to plants and microbes, which employ enzymes called terpene synthases (TPSs) to synthesize terpene metabolites, limited information from few species is available about the enzymatic mechanisms underlying terpene pheromone biosynthesis in insects. Several stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), among them severe agricultural pests, release 15-carbon sesquiterpenes with a bisabolene skeleton as sex or aggregation pheromones. The harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica, a specialist pest of crucifers, uses two stereoisomers of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol as a male-released aggregation pheromone called murgantiol. We show that MhTPS (MhIDS-1), an enzyme unrelated to plant and microbial TPSs but with similarity to trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDS) of the core terpene biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the formation of (1S,6S,7R)-1,10-bisaboladien-1-ol (sesquipiperitol) as a terpene intermediate in murgantiol biosynthesis. Sesquipiperitol, a so-far-unknown compound in animals, also occurs in plants, indicating convergent evolution in the biosynthesis of this sesquiterpene. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MhTPS mRNA confirmed the role of MhTPS in murgantiol biosynthesis. MhTPS expression is highly specific to tissues lining the cuticle of the abdominal sternites of mature males. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that MhTPS is derived from a trans-IDS progenitor and diverged from bona fide trans-IDS proteins including MhIDS-2, which functions as an (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase. Structure-guided mutagenesis revealed several residues critical to MhTPS and MhFPPS activity. The emergence of an IDS-like protein with TPS activity in M. histrionica demonstrates that de novo terpene biosynthesis evolved in the Hemiptera in an adaptation for intraspecific communication.
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Wallingford AK, Kuhar TP, Weber DC. Avoiding Unwanted Vicinity Effects With Attract-and-Kill Tactics for Harlequin Bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1780-1787. [PMID: 29912456 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the development of an attract-and-kill approach for the management of harlequin bug (HB), Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), we evaluated attraction and retention of HB by pheromone-baited traps in the field. In release-recapture and on-farm experiments, traps with collard plants with lures-containing HB aggregation pheromone (murgantiol = 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol) arrested and retained more HB than traps with either plant or lure. In order to avoid unwanted vicinity effects (increased feeding injury to neighboring crop plants due to halo or spillover effects), we also investigated two methods of retaining HB that were attracted to traps: a systemic toxicant (neonicotinoid applied to the trap plant as a drench) and a contact toxicant (long-lasting insecticidal netting [LLIN] with incorporated pyrethroid). More HB adults and more HB-feeding injury were observed on collard plants in the vicinity of lures compared with those neighboring lures in combination with a systemic toxicant. This difference indicates that improvements to trap retention acted to mitigate spillover effects, thereby avoiding unwanted vicinity effects. We also conducted laboratory assays in order to estimate the length of exposure to LLIN necessary to knock down HB adults and nymphs, calculating a knockdown time (KDT50) of 78.3, 2.6, and 2.1 s for females, males, and nymphs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wallingford
- Virginia Tech Entomology, Blacksburg, VA
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, BARC-West Building, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Donald C Weber
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, BARC-West Building, Beltsville, MD
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Thrift EM, Herlihy MV, Wallingford AK, Weber DC. Fooling the Harlequin Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Using Synthetic Volatiles to Alter Host Plant Choice. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:432-439. [PMID: 29506212 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a widespread pest that feeds on a variety of brassicaceous crops and other plants. To understand olfactory cues that mediate host-finding, and their possible utility in pest management, we deployed aggregation pheromone (mixed murgantiols = 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ols) and/or isothiocyanate (ITC) host plant volatiles with potted host plants and nonhost soybean, in field choice bioassays. Adults of both sexes were strongly attracted (10-31×) to collard host plants baited with pheromone lures, compared with unbaited collards, as were nymphs. Collard plants baited with lures containing allyl and/or benzyl-ITC showed a 1.3× and 1.9× increase in attractiveness, respectively, neither differing by life-stage nor sex; multiple lures showed additive attraction. Nonhost soybean, baited with pheromone lure, was 4.6-7.5× more attractive to adults than unbaited collard; conversely, baited collard was 124× more attractive than unbaited soybean. The stark difference in observed effect of pheromone lure between unpoisoned plants, and those poisoned with imidacloprid, indicated that attraction was underestimated by circa-daily counts of unpoisoned plants, presumably because if not poisoned, bugs rapidly abandoned the baited nonhost soybean plant. Results indicate that harlequin bugs can be misled to encounter and feed on nonhosts by their aggregation pheromone, but additional means may be needed to retain them. Attraction to hosts is increased both by the aggregation pheromone, and at least two host plant volatiles, allyl and benzyl-ITC. These results contribute to our knowledge of host finding in harlequin bug, and to possible trapping and trap cropping schemes for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Thrift
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Megan V Herlihy
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Anna K Wallingford
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Donald C Weber
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
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DiMeglio AS, Kuhar TP, Weber DC. Color Preference of Harlequin Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2275-2277. [PMID: 28981747 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), is an important pest of Brassica crops in the southern United States. Regional populations are highly variable and unpredictable from farm-to-farm, and therefore accurate monitoring of activity would greatly improve IPM decision-making and the timing of control tactics. To our knowledge, there is no monitoring device or proven trapping system for this pest. We contribute new knowledge of harlequin bug visual ecology, which will aid in the development of an effective trap. In both lab and field color choice experiments, harlequin bug adults and large nymphs responded positively to green and black colors, and statistically less frequently to yellow, white, purple, or red with the exception of adult females, which were most attracted to red and green in the lab, but green and black in the field. We conclude that future trapping devices for harlequin bug should be green or black in color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S DiMeglio
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Thomas P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Donald C Weber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Lab, BARC-West 007, Beltsville, MD 20705
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12
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A Transcriptome Survey Spanning Life Stages and Sexes of the Harlequin Bug, Murgantia histrionica. INSECTS 2017; 8:insects8020055. [PMID: 28587099 PMCID: PMC5492069 DOI: 10.3390/insects8020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), is an agricultural pest in the continental United States, particularly in southern states. Reliable gene sequence data are especially useful to the development of species-specific, environmentally friendly molecular biopesticides and effective biolures for this insect. Here, mRNAs were sampled from whole insects at the 2nd and 4th nymphal instars, as well as sexed adults, and sequenced using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. A global assembly of these data identified 72,540 putative unique transcripts bearing high levels of similarity to transcripts identified in other taxa, with over 99% of conserved single-copy orthologs among insects being detected. Gene ontology and protein family analyses were conducted to explore the functional potential of the harlequin bug's gene repertoire, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on gene families germane to xenobiotic detoxification, including glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450s. Genic content in harlequin bug was compared with that of the closely related invasive pest, the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Quantitative analyses of harlequin bug gene expression levels, experimentally validated using quantitative real-time PCR, identified genes differentially expressed between life stages and/or sexes.
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Expedient synthesis of bisabolenol stink bug pheromones via stereodefined cyclohex-2-enones. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khrimian A, Shirali S, Guzman F. Absolute Configurations of Zingiberenols Isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:3071-4. [PMID: 26606508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two stereoisomeric zingiberenols in ginger were identified as (3R,6R,7S)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (2) and (3S,6R,7S)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (5). Absolute configurations were assigned by utilizing 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol stereoisomers and two gas-chromatography columns: a 25 m Hydrodex-β-6TBDM and 60 m DB-5MS. The C-6 and C-7 absolute configurations in both zingiberenols match those of zingiberene present abundantly in ginger rhizomes. Interestingly, zingiberenol 2 has recently been identified as a male-produced sex pheromone of the rice stink bug, Oebalus poecilus, thus indicating that ginger plants may be a potential source of the sex pheromone of this bug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Khrimian
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Northeast Area, Bldg 007, Rm 301, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Shyam Shirali
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Northeast Area, Bldg 007, Rm 301, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Filadelfo Guzman
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Northeast Area, Bldg 007, Rm 301, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Harris C, Abubeker S, Yu M, Leskey T, Zhang A. Semiochemical Production and Laboratory Behavior Response of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha Halys. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140876. [PMID: 26528717 PMCID: PMC4631522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) is an exotic insect pest that was first recognized in the United States in 2001. As of today, it has been found in more than 42 states. BMSB has a very broad host plant range and damage to crops in mid-Atlantic States has reached a critical level. A reliable and accurate tool for infestation detection and population monitoring is urgently needed to provide better and more timely interventions. Pheromones produced by male BMSB have been previously identified and are currently used in BMSB infestation detection. However, the conditions affecting BMSB production of these pheromones were unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we collected headspace volatiles from male BMSB under laboratory conditions, measured the temporal patterns of release of these pheromones, and assayed the attractiveness to conspecifics. In addition to the pheromone components, tridecane (C13) and E-2-decenal (an alarm compound) were observed in headspace collections of males, as well as in females and nymphs. Exposure of pheromone-emitting adult males to synthetic C13 greatly reduced pheromone emission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This information should lead to a better understanding of the biology, physiology, and chemical ecology of BMSB, which will help scientists and growers develop more efficient strategies based on natural products to manage BMSB population, therefore, reducing pesticide usage and protecting the crops from BMSB damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Harris
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, United States of America
| | - Sitra Abubeker
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, United States of America
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, United States of America
| | - Tracy Leskey
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, United States of America
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, United States of America
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Identification and Synthesis of the Male-produced Sex Pheromone of the Stink Bug, Pellaea stictica. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:859-68. [PMID: 26318441 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stink bugs are major pests of a wide variety of agricultural crops worldwide. The species Pellaea stictica is a Neotropical stink bug found in several South American countries. Chromatographic analyses of volatiles released by adults of this species showed that males produce a sex-specific compound, and bioassays with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that the compound was attractive only to females, confirming that it is a sex pheromone. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared analyses of the natural compound and several derivatives suggested that the structure was an alcohol with a saturated carbon chain and several methyl branches. After synthesis of two proposed structures, the pheromone of P. stictica was identified as a novel compound, 2,4,8,13-tetramethyltetradecan-1-ol. Laboratory bioassays showed that the synthesized mixture of stereoisomers of 2,4,8,13-tetramethyltetradecan-1-ol was as attractive to P. stictica females as the natural pheromone.
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Leskey TC, Khrimian A, Weber DC, Aldrich JC, Short BD, Lee DH, Morrison WR. Behavioral responses of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) to traps baited with stereoisomeric mixtures of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-OL. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:418-29. [PMID: 25855524 PMCID: PMC4427635 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is an invasive insect in the United States that is capable of inflicting significant yield losses for fruit, vegetable, and soybean growers. Recently, a male-produced aggregation pheromone of H. halys was identified as a 3.5:1 mixture of (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, two stereoisomers of a natural sesquiterpene with a bisabolane skeleton, potentially existing in 16 stereoisomeric forms. In this study, we assessed attraction to pheromonal and non-pheromonal stereoisomeric mixtures of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, which are easier to synthesize than single isomers, and evaluated dose-dependent responses to attractive mixtures in field trials. Some treatments not containing the natural pheromone components were moderately active in field-trapping studies, signifying that some stereoisomers of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol are sufficiently similar to the true pheromone in structure to trigger behavioral responses. Importantly, we found that mixtures of stereoisomers containing pheromone components were also highly attractive to H. halys, even in the presence of multiple "unnatural" stereoisomers. Further, adult and nymphal captures were dose-dependent, regardless of whether the lure contained pheromonal or non-pheromonal components. Our findings of attraction to pheromonal and non-pheromonal stereoisomers and lack of inhibition from non-pheromonal stereoisomers of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol increase the flexibility of developing pheromone-based products for H. halys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C Leskey
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA,
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Khrimian A, Shirali S, Vermillion KE, Siegler MA, Guzman F, Chauhan K, Aldrich JR, Weber DC. Determination of the stereochemistry of the aggregation pheromone of harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1260-8. [PMID: 25408429 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of a complete stereoisomeric library of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ols and selected 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ols was pivotal for the identification of the aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys. Herein, we describe syntheses of the remaining 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ols, and provide additional evidence on the assignment of relative and absolute configurations of these compounds by single-crystal X-ray crystallography of an intermediate, (3S,6R,7R,10S)-1-bisabolen-3,10,11-triol. To demonstrate the utility of this stereoisomeric library, we revisited the aggregation pheromone of the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica, and showed that the male-produced pheromone consists of two stereoisomers of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol. Employment of eight cis-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol stereoisomeric standards, two enantioselective GC columns, and NMR spectroscopy enabled the identification of these compounds as (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol and (3S,6S,7R,10R)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, which are produced by M. histrionica males in 1.4:1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Khrimian
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA,
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Attractiveness of Harlequin Bug, Murgantia histrionica, Aggregation Pheromone: Field Response to Isomers, Ratios, and Dose. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1251-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khrimian A, Zhang A, Weber DC, Ho HY, Aldrich JR, Vermillion KE, Siegler MA, Shirali S, Guzman F, Leskey TC. Discovery of the aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) through the creation of stereoisomeric libraries of 1-bisabolen-3-ols. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1708-1717. [PMID: 24963992 DOI: 10.1021/np5003753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel and straightforward route to all stereoisomers of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol and 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol via the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition of trimethylaluminum to diastereomeric mixtures of cyclohex-2-enones 1 and 2. The detailed stereoisomeric structures of many natural sesquiterpenes with the bisabolane skeleton were previously unknown because of the absence of stereoselective syntheses of individual stereoisomers. Several of the bisabolenols are pheromones of economically important pentatomid bug species. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography of underivatized triol 13 provided unequivocal proof of the relative and absolute configurations. Two of the epoxides, (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol (3) and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol (4), were identified as the main components of a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, using GC analyses on enantioselective columns. Both compounds attracted female, male, and nymphal H. halys in field trials. Moreover, mixtures of stereoisomers containing epoxides 3 and 4 were also attractive to H. halys, signifying that the presence of additional stereoisomers did not hinder attraction of H. halys and relatively inexpensive mixtures can be used in monitoring, as well as control strategies. H. halys is a polyphagous invasive species in the U.S. and Europe that causes severe injury to fruit, vegetables, and field crops and is also a serious nuisance pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Khrimian
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville Area, IIBBL, Maryland 20705, United States
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Zarbin PHG, Fávaro CF, Vidal DM, Rodrigues MACM. Male-produced sex pheromone of the stink bug Edessa meditabunda. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:825-35. [PMID: 22692411 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Edessa meditabunda is a secondary pest within the piercing-sucking stink bug complex that attacks soybean crops in Brazil. The behavioral responses of males and females to aeration extracts from conspecifics suggested the presence of a male-produced sex pheromone. Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of male and female aeration extracts revealed the presence of two male-specific compounds in a ratio of 92:8. Gas chromatographic -electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) assays indicated that the major component is bioactive for females, supporting the behavioral data. Analysis of the mass and infrared spectra of the male-specific compounds suggested that they were both methyl-branched long-chain methyl esters. On the basis of the mass spectra of the respective hydrocarbons obtained by micro derivatizations, the structures of these methyl esters were proposed to be methyl 4,8,12-trimethylpentadecanoate (major) and methyl 4,8,12-trimethyltetradecanoate (minor). An 11 step synthetic route that was based on a sequence of Grignard reactions, starting from cyclopropyl methyl ketone, was developed to obtain synthetic standards with a 7.9 % overall yield for the major compound and a 9.9 % yield for the minor. The synthetic standards co-eluted with the natural pheromones on three different GC stationary phases. Y-tube olfactometer assays showed that the synthetic standards, including the major compound alone and a mixture of the major and minor compounds in the proportion found in natural extracts, were strongly attractive to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H G Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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