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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH. Structure-based screening of sp 2 hybridized small donor bridges as donor: acceptor switches for optical and photovoltaic applications: DFT way. J Mol Model 2024; 30:36. [PMID: 38206469 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This research aims to investigate the potential of pyrazine-based small donor moieties as donor-acceptor switches for optical and photovoltaic applications. The designed organic dyes have a high light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and can potentially generate significant electrical energy. METHODS The study focuses on understanding the structural and electronic properties of these dyes through the analysis of dihedral angles, bond lengths, and energies of frontier molecular orbitals The UV-Vis spectroscopy parameters of the designed organic dyes revealed their absorption characteristics, including transition energies, wavelengths (λmax), and oscillator strengths (f). The photovoltaic properties of the developed organic dyes show a range of values: a range of 0.95-0.99 for LHE and a range of 1.77-33.02 W for maximum power output (Pmax) with the highest value for dye DDP5. For their stabilization energies, their natural bond orbitals had values ranging from 0.56 to 128.48 kcal/mol, their E(j)E(i) values from 0.22 to 1.29 a.u, and their Fi,j values from 0.024 to 0.213 kcal/mol. Out of all dyes, the DDP5 produced highest push-pull effect and can be good choice for further studies. The design of these novel organic materials for effective and economical solar energy conversion will be aided by evaluating the potential of 5,10-diphenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine as a donor moiety and determining the structure-property correlations controlling the photovoltaic performance of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Lunan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 888 Zhengtai Road, Tengzhou, 277599, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Mustafa G, Noreen S, Ali A, Sara S, Imran M. Enhancing NLO performance by utilizing tyrian purple dye as donor moiety in organic DSSCs with end capped acceptors: A theoretical study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108538. [PMID: 37327646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of new organic dyes (T1-T6) with nonfullerene acceptors have been theoretically designed around the chemical structure of tyrian purple (T) natural dye. For their ground state energy parameters, all the molecular geometries of those dyes were optimized by density functional theory (DFT) at its Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) level of theory with 6-31G+(d,p) basis sets. When benchmarking against several long range and range separated levels of theory, the Coulomb attenuated B3LYP (CAM-B3LYP) produced most accurate absorption maxima (λmax) value to that of T so it was further employed for further Time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) with natural bond orbital (NBO) studies were used to study their intra molecular charge transfer (ICT). All of the dyes had their energy gaps (Eg) values between their FMOs to range around 0.96-3.39 eV, whereas the starting reference dye had an Eg of 1.30 eV. Their ionization potential (IP) values were ranged to be 3.07-7.25 eV which indicated their nature to loss electrons. The λ max in chloroform was marginally red-shifted with a value 600-625 from T (580 nm). The dye T6 showed its highest linear polarizability (<α>), and first and second order hyperpolarizabilities (β and γ). The synthetic experts can find the present research to design finest NLO materials for current and future uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61514, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Zafar M, Mohyuddin A, Noreen S, Güleryüz C. DFT-guided structural modeling of end-group acceptors at Y123 core for sensitizers as high-performance organic solar dyes and NLO responses. J Mol Model 2023; 29:262. [PMID: 37490167 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The organic solar cells (OSCs) are being developed with the goal of improving their photovoltaic capabilities. Here, utilizing computational methods, six new nonfullerene acceptors (NFA) comprising dyes (A1-A6) have been created by end-group alterations of the Y123 framework as a standard (R). METHODS The DFT-based investigations at B3LYP/6-31G + (d,p) level were applied to evaluate their properties. The planar geometries associated with these structures, which lead to improved conjugation, were validated by the estimation of molecular geometries. Dyes A1-A6 have shorter Egap than R, according to a frontier molecular orbital (FMO) investigation, which encourages charge transfer in them. The dyes with their maximum absorption range were shown by optical properties to be 692-711 nm, which is significantly better than R with its 684 nm range. Their electrostatic and Mulliken charge patterns provided additional evidence of the significant separation of charges within these structures. All the dyes A1-A6 had improved light harvesting efficiency (LHE) values as compared to Y123, highlighting their improved capacity to generate charge carriers by light absorption. With the exception of dye A4, all newly developed dyes might have a superior rate of charge carrier mobility than R, according to reorganization energies λre. Dyes A3 and A4 had the greatest open-circuit voltage (Voc). Dye A3 exhibited improvement in all of its examined properties, making it a promising choice in DSSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Muddassar Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology Lahore, C-II, Johar Town, Lahore, 5476, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Cihat Güleryüz
- Department of Opticianry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, 34144, Turkey
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Mustafa G, Zubair M, Mohyuddin A, Nkungli NK, Imran M. Molecular modeling of mordant black dye for future applications as visible light harvesting materials with anchors: design and excited state dynamics. J Mol Model 2023; 29:74. [PMID: 36826696 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this study, new visible light harvesting dyes (MBR1-MBR5) have been designed as efficient materials with silyl based anchoring abilities on semiconducting units for future dye-solar cells applications. Their unique molecular structures of novel D-π-ASemiconductor type were evaluated thoroughly by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To enhance the optical performance in visible region, a novel dye structure (MBR) was derived from the chemical structure of mordant black (MB) dye with electron acceptor semiconducting units (MBR1-MBR5). METHODS The Coulomb-attenuating Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (CAM-B3LYP) functional, which had a hybrid and long-range correlation with 6-31G + (d,p), generated a [Formula: see text] (683 nm) that was very comparable to its experimental value (672 nm). The energies of highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO), and their HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (HLG) were calculated. Their ionization potentials (IP) varied from 5.616 to 8.320 eV, demonstrating their good electron donating trend. The [Formula: see text] values of dyes displayed a significant red shift from MBR (682 nm) value with range 565-807 nm except MBR1 which was slightly blue shifted. The dye MBR4, which had the smallest HLG (0.23 eV) had the greatest second order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of 144,234 Debye-Angstrom-1. The DFT calculated results provided insight into the creation of new silyl anchoring groups for future DSSCs material designs with increased stability and effectiveness. The goal of the current study is to forecast the development of novel NLO materials with a D-π-ASemiconductor design that use semiconductors as anchoring groups to adhere to a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 54400, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 54400, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 54400, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 54400, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Emerson University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nyiang K Nkungli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, Bambili-Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Creating intense and refined NLO responses by utilizing dual donor structural designs in A-π-D-π-D-π-A type organic switches: computed device parameters. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Nazar MF, Güleryüz C. A DFT Study on New Photovoltaic Dyes to Investigate their NLO Tuning at Near Infrared Region (NIR) as Pull-push Effect by End Capped Acceptors. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:239-253. [PMID: 36399248 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the opto-electronic devices industry, organic materials with considerable nonlinear optical (NLO) capabilities are being used. By employing 4,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine as a standard molecule, a series for new dyes (DMBMB1-DMBMB6) are created in the present paper by altering their functionalization with various electron acceptor (A) functional groups. The density functional fheory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) based calculations have been performed to explore NLO responses by adjustment of different A units. The energy gap (Egap) of their highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) was ranged between 0.22-2.43 eV which was also used to calculate their global chemical parameters (GRPs). All the new dyes were subjected to UV-Vis studies revealing their frequencies being red shifted from starting dye (DMBMB). The theoretical investigations like frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to investigate their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The dye DMBMB6 had the greatest linear polarizability, first hyperpolarizability (αtotal), and second order hyperpolarizability (βtotal) for all the developed dyes. In conclusion, due of their low ICT, all the dyes showed potential NLO features. Scientific researchers would be able to harness these NLO features to discover NLO materials for current and future uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad F Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 60700, Multan Campus, Pakistan
| | - Cihat Güleryüz
- Department of Opticianry, Altınbaş University, 34144, İstanbul, Turkey
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Mustafa G, Nazar MF, Zafar MN. Efficient and tunable enhancement of NLO performance for indaceno-based donor moiety in A-π-D-π-D-π-A type first DSSC design by end-capped acceptors. J Mol Model 2022; 29:4. [PMID: 36481993 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organic dyes with non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have aided in the creation of competitive organic solar cells (OSCs) with long-term sustainability. A series of NFA dyes (IDIC-R1-IDIC-R9) have been designed by varying the end-capped fluorinated moieties (PD1-PD6) at indaceno (IDIC) core. METHODS All the calculations were performed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT)-based approaches. All the geometries were optimized at B3LYP/6-31G + (d,p) of DFT level at their ground state energies. Out of several density functionals, the CAM-B3LYP with 6-31G + (d,p) basis sets was selected after a benchmark study to carry out further calculations. All the dyes had their bandgaps in 0.11-3.12 eV while their starting reference dye had a bandgap value of 2.01 eV. RESULTS Their ionization potential (IP) implied that these dyes have strong tendency to lose electrons. The λmax of the dyes was slightly redshifted from the IDIC (476 nm) and IDIC-R (479 nm) when changing solvent polarity from methanol to DCM and then chloroforms. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis showed the (S63)LP → (C61-C62)π* with highest stabilization energy. Their electron injection analysis showed that these dyes can be a good anode material against the aluminum and gold electrodes. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process and stability of the dyes were investigated using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. CONCLUSION Among all dyes, IDIC-R8 has the highest linear polarizability and second-order hyperpolarizability (βtotal). All the dyes demonstrated promising non-linear optical (NLO) properties due to their low charge transfer barriers. Scientists would be able to exploit these properties to identify the best NLO materials for existing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Multan Campus, Lahore, 60700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad N Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Zafar W, Imran M, Noreen S, Irfan M. Enriching the compositional tailoring of NLO responsive dyes with diversity oriented electron acceptors as visible light harvesters: a DFT/TD-DFT approach. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2148585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Wardha Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Zubair M, Mustafa G, Nazar MF, Zafar MN. Structurally modulated D-π-D-A(Semiconductor) anchoring dyes to enhance the tunable NLO response: a DFT/TDDFT quest for new photovoltaic materials. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH. Exploration of Pull-Push Effect for Novel Photovoltaic Dyes with A-π-D Design: A DFT/TD-DFT Investigation. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1999-2014. [PMID: 35802211 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The π-rich versus π-poor units in 4,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine (DTB) alternating the π-backbone of solar cells dyes have been extended with a push-pull technique to lower their HOMO-LUMO energy gap and to increase Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT). Density functional theory was used to optimize the ground state molecular geometries of newly designed dyes (DTB1-DTB6). Time Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) was used to simulate the Uv-vis spectral values at the maximum absorbance values ranging between 481-535 nm. These values were red shifted from DTB value of experimental (333 nm) and theoretical (346 nm). however, their computed absorbance and fluorescence spectra revealed a bathochromic shift of them upon an increasing the solvent polarity. Different DFT functionals such as (B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, B97XD, and APFD) were employed to choose their proper use Uv-visible analysis to reveal an unexpected coherence at the B3LYP level with experimental values. As a result, the B3LYP with most diffused basis sets of 6-31G + (d,p) were used for further calculations. The parameters of Global Chemical reactivities revealed that all the dyes had a softer nature with their softness value range of 0.27-0.41. their Ionization Potentials (IP) ranged between 6.21-8.10 eV to comply that the new dyes had good electron donating potentials. With a good electron injection potential of -1.47-1.74 eV, aluminum can be the best electrode, while Au is excellent towards a hole injection operation which had the potential range of 1.79-3.68 eV. For Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) assessment, (N14)LP → (F16-F28)π* with stabilization energy of 42.55 kcal/mol was noted for DTB4. Their Second order hyperpolarizability [Formula: see text] values as their Nonlinear Optical (NLO) response ranged between 59.16-232.11 debye-angstrom-1 which were almost 6 times higher than the reference DTB (8.47D). The NLO attributes has also shown that a dyes with its small bandgap was related with higher hyperpolarizability values. Because of the decreased reorganization frequencies, newly discovered derivatives with electron transfer qualities might be comparable to or equivalent to those of commonly used electron transmission materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, PK, 54400, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, PK, 54400, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Novel pull–push organic switches with D–π–A structural designs: computational design of star shape organic materials. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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