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Vera Cruz G, Aboujaoude E, Liberacka-Dwojak M, Wiłkość-Dębczyńska M, Rochat L, Khan R, Khazaal Y. How much online pornography is too much? A comparison of two theoretically distinct assessment scales. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:79. [PMID: 38816773 PMCID: PMC11137999 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online pornography use, an ever more common activity, has raised myriad psychosocial and clinical concerns. While there is a need to screen for and measure its problematic dimension, there is a debate about the adequacy of existing assessment tools. OBJECTIVE The study compares two instruments for measuring pathological online pornography use (POPU) that are based on different theoretical frameworks-one in line with DSM-5 criteria and the six-component addiction model and one in line with ICD-11 criteria. METHODS An international sample of 1,823 adults (Mean age = 31.66, SD = 6.74) answered an online questionnaire that included the Short Version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6) and the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-Use Disorders (ACSID-11). Factorial, correlational, and network analyses were conducted on the data. RESULTS Both tools adequately screened for online "addictive" behavior, but the ACSID-11 was superior in assessing the degree of clinical risk. CONCLUSION Depending on the specific aim of the assessment (screening vs. clinical diagnostics), both online pornography measurement tools may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Vera Cruz
- Department of Psychology, CRP-CPO, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Elias Aboujaoude
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Program in Internet, Health and Society, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Lucien Rochat
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Specialized Facility in Behavioral Addiction ReConnecte, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Riaz Khan
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Frontier Medical College Abbottabad, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal and Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Montreal University, Montreal, Canada.
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Seeking Multiple Doors? Service Utilization Among a Cohort of Women Gamblers Over Two Years. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Whelan E, Laato S, Islam AKMN, Billieux J. A casino in my pocket: Gratifications associated with obsessive and harmonious passion for mobile gambling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246432. [PMID: 33626100 PMCID: PMC7904185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile gambling differs from land-based and traditional forms of gambling in that the opportunity to place bets and engage with casinos is constantly present and easily accessible. Instead of going to a physical bookmaker or casino, mobile gambling is done quickly and swiftly, anytime, anywhere, with a few taps on a mobile device. Previous studies reveal mobile gambling has managed to reach new audiences especially amongst younger people. Gambling harms can have severe adverse effects on individuals, families and society. However, for a subgroup of highly involved individuals, gambling can be considered a harmonious passion that permits frequent gambling without elevating individual's risks of experience problem gambling manifestations. Combining the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) and Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP) frameworks, the present study aims to determine if and how the different gratifications sought from mobile gambling are susceptible to explaining non-problematic versus problematic patterns in highly involved gamblers. Data were collected over two waves from a global sample of mobile gamblers (N = 327). Results emphasize that the motivational underpinnings of mobile gambling (as measured by the U&G) differ in obsessive versus harmonious passion. Obsessive passion is associated with poor mood and problematic gambling. In contrast, harmonious passion for mobile gambling is associated with positive mood but is unrelated to problematic gambling. Based on these findings, and given that problematic gambling is an internationally relevant public health issue (the prevalence of problem gambling is estimated to range from 0.1% to 5.8% in different countries), we suggest interventions focusing on specific uses and gratifications associated with an obsessive passion for mobile gambling may be effective in reducing problematic usage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Whelan
- Business Information Systems, J.E. Cairnes School of Business and Economics, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Samuli Laato
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Michalska P, Chatton A, Penzenstadler L, Izdebski P, Jeannot E, Simon O, Dufour M, Rochat L, Lischer S, Khazaal Y. Perspective of Internet Poker Players on Harm-Reduction Strategies: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239054. [PMID: 33291669 PMCID: PMC7730654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Internet gambling may increase rates of gambling harm. This current study aimed to assess Internet poker players’ views on various harm-reduction (HR) strategies. It also examined differences in these views according to the games played (poker only vs. poker plus other gambling activities), indebtedness, and problem gambling severity. Methods: Internet poker players (n = 311; 94.2% Male) recruited online between 2012 and 2014 were included in the analyses and completed a survey on indebtedness, problem gambling severity index, and ten statements regarding HR features. Results: Among the whole sample, the most frequently endorsed HR strategy was setting money limits, specialized online help, and peer support forums. People who play poker only (70%) are less prone to endorse the utility of information on excessive gambling and specialized healthcare centers. No differences were found between those people with debt versus those without regarding HR assessment. Participants with severe problem gambling were more skeptical about HR strategies based on information on specialized healthcare centers. Conclusion: Setting money limits, online help, and peer support forums are the most commonly endorsed strategies. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of online harm reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.M.); (P.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Anne Chatton
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.C.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Louise Penzenstadler
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.C.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Paweł Izdebski
- Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.M.); (P.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Emilien Jeannot
- Institute of Global Health, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivier Simon
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magali Dufour
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, CP 8888, Canada;
| | - Lucien Rochat
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.C.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Suzanne Lischer
- Institute for Social Management, Social Policy and Prevention, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland;
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.M.); (P.I.); (Y.K.)
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Dufour M, Morvannou A, Laverdière É, Brunelle N, Kairouz S, Nolin MA, Nadeau L, Dussault F, Berbiche D. Once online poker, always online poker? Poker modality trajectories over two years. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 11:100251. [PMID: 32467840 PMCID: PMC7244906 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For most players, poker trajectories remained stable over two years (i.e. stable land-based and online poker). Gambling behaviors (number of gambling activities, severity of problems) were the only predictors of poker trajectories. Future research should examine how poker players explain stable and unstable trajectories.
Online poker is considered more at-risk than land-based poker in terms of intense gambling behaviors and gambling problems. The development of many online gambling sites has raised public health concerns about the potential increase in online poker players. Longitudinal studies are useful to better understand the evolution of gambling behaviors; however, very few consider online poker players. Using a prospective design, this study aims to identify online and land-based trajectories over a two-year period and the factors influencing those trajectories. Results are based on data collected at three time-points over the course of a prospective cohort study conducted in Quebec (n = 304). A latent class growth analysis was performed to determine trajectories based on the main poker modality played, either online or land-based poker. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlates of poker playing trajectories. Over two years, three poker playing trajectories were identified, comprising two stable trajectories [stable land-based (51.5%) and stable online (36.3%)] and an unstable trajectory [unstable online land-based (12.1%)]. The second trajectory included online poker players at baseline who transitioned to land-based poker. Number of gambling activities increased the odds of being in the first trajectory as compared to the others. Severity of gambling problems was a significant predictor of the second “unstable” or the third “stable online” trajectories, but not for the first “stable land-based” poker trajectory. The majority of poker players remained in either the land-based or online trajectories over two years. No poker players transitioned from land-based to online poker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Dufour
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, Québec J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Adèle Morvannou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, Québec J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Émélie Laverdière
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, Québec J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Natacha Brunelle
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Local 1064c Pavillon Michel-Sarrazin, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, C.P.500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Sylvia Kairouz
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University (H-1125-31), 1455 De Maisonneuve West, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Nolin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, Québec J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Louise Nadeau
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Frédéric Dussault
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8
| | - Djamal Berbiche
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, Québec J4K 0A8, Canada
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Abstract
Previous studies on gambling passion have identified that obsessive passion is related to negative consequences, including gambling pathology, whereas harmonious passion is mostly related to positive outcomes both during and after engagement in gambling activity. In the present study, we focused on poker players (N = 311) and investigated the associations between the two types of gambling passion and subjective well-being, while taking into account acquired poker experience. We found that harmonious passion toward poker was associated with higher levels of well-being, whereas the reverse was true for obsessive passion. Poker experience was positively related to harmonious but not obsessive passion, and moderated the relationship between harmonious passion and quality of life. Our findings contribute to extant literature on passion and further solidify its application in a gambling context. Most importantly, our results underline the relevance of accounting for poker experience when studying gambling among poker players.
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Kraus SW, Sturgeon JA, Potenza MN. Specific Forms of Passionate Attachment Differentially Mediate Relationships Between Pornography Use and Sexual Compulsivity in Young Adult Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2018.1532362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane W. Kraus
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John A. Sturgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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Dufour M, Morvannou A, Brunelle N, Kairouz S, Laverdière É, Nadeau L, Berbiche D, Roy É. Gambling Problem Trajectories and Associated Individuals Risk Factors: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study Among Poker Players. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:355-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Luquiens A, Vendryes D, Aubin HJ, Benyamina A, Gaiffas S, Bacry E. Description and assessment of trustability of motives for self-exclusion reported by online poker gamblers in a cohort using account-based gambling data. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022541. [PMID: 30580263 PMCID: PMC6318524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-exclusion is one of the main responsible gambling tools. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of self-exclusion motives in self-reports to the gambling service provider. SETTINGS This is a retrospective cohort using prospective account-based gambling data obtained from a poker gambling provider. PARTICIPANTS Over a period of 7 years we included all poker gamblers self-excluding for the first time, and reporting a motive for their self-exclusion (n=1996). We explored two groups: self-excluders who self-reported a motive related to addiction and those who reported a commercial motive. RESULTS No between-group adjusted difference was found on gambling summary variables. Sessions in the two groups were poorly discriminated one from another on four different machine-learning models. More than two-thirds of the gamblers resumed poker gambling after a first self-exclusion (n=1368), half of them within the first month. No between-group difference was found for the course of gambling after the first self-exclusion. 60.1% of first-time self-excluders self-excluded again (n=822). Losses in the previous month were greater before second self-exclusions than before the first. CONCLUSIONS Reported motives for self-exclusion appear non-informative, and could be misleading. Multiple self-exclusions seem to be more the rule than the exception. The process of self-exclusion should therefore be optimised from the first occurrence to protect heavy gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Luquiens
- Hôpital Paul Brousse, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Ile-de-France, France
| | | | - Henri-Jean Aubin
- Hôpital Paul Brousse, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Hôpital Paul Brousse, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Gaiffas
- CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Ile-de-France, France
- LPSM UMR 8001, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Bacry
- CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Ile-de-France, France
- CEREMADE (CNRS UMR 7534), Université Paris-Dauphine-PSL, Paris, France
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Morvannou A, Dufour M, Monson E, Roy É. Passion for gambling: a scoping review. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1459777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Morvannou
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Research Chair on Gambling, Concordia University , Montréal, Canada
| | - Magali Dufour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Longueuil, Canada
| | - Eva Monson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Longueuil, Canada
| | - Élise Roy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Longueuil, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec , Montréal, Canada
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