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Estabrooks PA, Bolyard ML, Casucci T, Christensen JT, Gibson B, Golden CA, Hill JL, Horvath L, Lee S, Maxfield EM, McFarland MM, Merle JL, Michaud TL, Miller M, Pereira EL, Schlechter CR, Simonsen SE, Wetter DW, Locke AB. Identifying recruitment strategies to improve the reach of evidence-based health promotion, disease prevention, and disease self-management interventions: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2025; 13:1515042. [PMID: 40290508 PMCID: PMC12023269 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1515042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Improving the reach of existing lifestyle interventions focused on health promotion, disease prevention, and self-management delivered in community or clinical settings has the potential to increase the public health impact of these interventions. However, little is known about the overall success of recruitment strategies or the specification of strategy components including the details of how, through which channel, and by whom the recruitment strategies are enacted. Methods We conducted a scoping review with guidance from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. For transparency and reproducibility, we adhered to the PRISMA-S and PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting literature searches and scoping reviews. Our eligibility criteria included studies that reported recruitment strategies to improve reach (enrollment number, participation rate, and representativeness of participants) of health promotion, disease prevention, and self-management lifestyle interventions for children or adults worldwide. Recruitment strategies for non-lifestyle interventions, such as pharmaceutical trials, were excluded. Databases included Medline (Ovid), Embase (embase.com), CINAHL Complete (Ebscohost), APA PsycINFO (Ebscohost), and Dissertation and Theses Global (ProQuest). Database search results were retrieved on March 2-3, 2023. Results From a total of 9,712 references, 98 studies were included. Eight studies compared recruitment strategies using a randomized controlled trial and 90 studies were evaluations/quasi-experiments that reported on reach. There was a wide variety of recruitment strategies used, with 32% of the studies utilizing more than one recruitment strategy. The average reach, operationalized as participation rate, of the primary strategy (n = 15 defined strategies) being tested ranged from 3 to 41%. Further, participation rates ranged across studies that focused on children (43%), adults (25%), and older adults (16%). Most included studies did not report (1) strategy timing and dose, (2) theoretical basis, or (3) potential mechanisms of improved reach. Finally, differences in how the denominator was operationalized reduced confidence in comparing across strategies. Discussion More clarity is needed when reporting on specific recruitment strategies used to improve the reach of lifestyle interventions. Suggestions include guidance on how to consistently define a denominator of eligible participants exposed to recruitment strategies. Furthermore, the use of theoretical approaches and testing of potential mechanisms of effect are needed in future studies to advance the science of improving lifestyle intervention reach. Systematic review registration The unique identifier for our scoping review is 3g68b it can be found at this url: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3G68B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Estabrooks
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mickey L. Bolyard
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tallie Casucci
- J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Josh T. Christensen
- Faculty of Science, Brigham Young University – Hawaii, Laie, HI, United States
| | - Bryan Gibson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Caitlin A. Golden
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jennie L. Hill
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Linnea Horvath
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Shinduk Lee
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ellen M. Maxfield
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mary M. McFarland
- Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - James L. Merle
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tzeyu L. Michaud
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Megan Miller
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Emiliane L. Pereira
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chelsey R. Schlechter
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sara E. Simonsen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David W. Wetter
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amy B. Locke
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Brongers K, Hoekstra T, Wilming L, Roelofs P, Brouwer S. Process evaluation of a comprehensive approach to reintegration of disability benefit recipients with multiple problems (CARm) into the labour market. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:4157-4167. [PMID: 37807660 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2264765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the effect evaluation of our randomized controlled trial the "Comprehensive Approach of Reintegration for clients with Multiple problems" (CARm) showed no superior effect on re-integration into paid employment of the clients when compared with clients of the care as usual, we conducted this process evaluation to gain insight into whether the intervention was conducted according to protocol. METHODS Using questionnaires on recruitment, reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, context, and satisfaction we collected data from 40 labour experts of the Public Employment Service of the Dutch Social Security Institute, and from 166 disability benefit recipients dealing with multiple problems. RESULTS Only few of the labour experts provided the key elements of the intervention to their clients. Between the clients of both groups were no significant differences in the dose received. More than half of the labour experts of the intervention group reported organizational changes. CONCLUSION The lack of effect of the CARm intervention was almost certainly caused by implementation failure. Once again this study showed the importance of involving all stakeholders in developing and the conduct of the intervention, and of clarifying the consequences for the organization, to ensure that it can be conducted according to protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kor Brongers
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research Center for Labour Expertise, Nijkerk, the Netherlands
- Dutch Social Security Institute, The Institute for Employee Benefits Schemes (UWV), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tialda Hoekstra
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-UWV-VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Wilming
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-UWV-VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Roelofs
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-UWV-VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lin C, Li T, Zou G, Li X, Ling L, Chen W. Implementation Evaluation of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment Among Migrant Workers Exposed to Organic Solvents in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Front Public Health 2022; 10:772632. [PMID: 35903378 PMCID: PMC9319860 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.772632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWhile the effectiveness of several occupational healthcare interventions has been demonstrated, successful implementation of such programs among internal migrant workers (IMWs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been limited. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial promoting respiratory protective equipment (RPE) use among IMWs exposed to organic solvents in SMEs and to assess the association between participants' compliance and effectiveness of intervention.MethodsA total of 60 SMEs were randomly allocated to a low- or high-intensive intervention group, or a control group that did not receive any intervention. The low-intensive intervention group was subjected to both traditional and mHealth occupational health education. The high-intensive intervention group was subjected to the low-intensive group activities and peer education. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to guide implementation evaluation of this 6-months intervention. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to evaluate the effects of participants' compliance with the intervention on the primary outcomes, regarding the appropriate use of RPE.ResultsOf 4,527 potentially eligible participants, 1,211 individuals were enrolled, with a reach rate of 26.8%. Sixty of the 66 SMEs approached (90.9%) SMEs adopted the intervention. Fidelity to traditional education (100.0%) and mHealth intervention (97.5%) was higher than fidelity to peer education (20.0%). Peer leaders cited inconvenient time and unfamiliarity with peers as two major barriers to delivering peer education. Compared with the control group, IMWs who complied with the interventions in both groups were more likely to wear RPE appropriately [low-intensive group: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56–4.28; high-intensive group: aOR = 7.52, 95% CI: 3.72–15.23]. Most participants (95.8%) were satisfied with the program and 93.1% stated that they would maintain the use of RPE in the future.ConclusionsA multi-component occupational health intervention to promote the use of RPE among IMWs in SMEs was feasible and acceptable. Peer education had great potential to enhance the occupational health behavior of IMWs, and thus strategies to improve participants' adherence to this component warrant further investigation.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR-IOR-15006929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangpeng Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyang Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanyang Zou
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Chen
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Systematic Review of Intervention Studies to Foster Sustainable Employability Core Components: Implications for Workplace Promotion. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to outline the effectiveness of employer-initiated workplace interventions in promoting sustainable employability (SE), which means developing workers’ capabilities to foster productivity, health, and valuable work in the long term. A systematic search of the literature is performed in three databases covering the period from January 1999 to February 2022. Fourteen studies are included. Considering SE core components, all interventions cover the valuable work component in terms of content, and the majority also cover the health component. Interventions addressing at least three SE components have more positive effects on SE outcomes. More positive effects are found for valuable work outcomes. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of developing workplace interventions considering a comprehensive model of SE and promoting an organizational culture for SE. Future directions and limits are discussed.
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Hazelzet E, Picco E, Houkes I, Bosma H, de Rijk A. Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Sustainable Employability: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111985. [PMID: 31167462 PMCID: PMC6604015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite growing interest in sustainable employability (SE), studies on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at employees’ SE are scarce. In this review, SE is defined by four core components: health, productivity, valuable work, and long-term perspective. The aim of this review is to summarize the effectiveness of employer-initiated SE interventions and to analyze whether their content and outcome measures addressed these SE components. Methods: A systematic search was performed in six databases for the period January 1997 to June 2018. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed. A customized form was used to extract data and categorize interventions according to SE components. Results: The initial search identified 596 articles and 7 studies were included. Methodological quality ranged from moderate to weak. All interventions addressed the components ‘health’ and ‘valuable work’. Positive effects were found for ‘valuable work’ outcomes. Conclusions: The quality of evidence was moderate to weak. The ‘valuable work’ component appeared essential for the effectiveness of SE interventions. Higher-quality evaluation studies are needed, as are interventions that effectively integrate all SE core components in their content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmelie Hazelzet
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eleonora Picco
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Inge Houkes
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Angelique de Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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van Holland BJ, Reneman MF, Soer R, Brouwer S, de Boer MR. Effectiveness and Cost-benefit Evaluation of a Comprehensive Workers' Health Surveillance Program for Sustainable Employability of Meat Processing Workers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:107-120. [PMID: 28341910 PMCID: PMC5820399 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive workers' health surveillance (WHS) program on aspects of sustainable employability and cost-benefit. Methods A cluster randomized stepped wedge trial was performed in a Dutch meat processing company from february 2012 until march 2015. In total 305 workers participated in the trial. Outcomes were retrieved during a WHS program, by multiple questionnaires, and from company registries. Primary outcomes were sickness absence, work ability, and productivity. Secondary outcomes were health, vitality, and psychosocial workload. Data were analyzed with linear and logistic multilevel models. Cost-benefit analyses from the employer's perspective were performed as well. Results Primary outcomes sickness absence (OR = 1.40), work ability (B = -0.63) and productivity (OR = 0.71) were better in the control condition. Secondary outcomes did not or minimally differ between conditions. Of the 12 secondary outcomes, the only outcome that scored better in the experimental condition was meaning of work (B = 0.18). Controlling for confounders did not or minimally change the results. However, our stepped wedge design did not enable adjustment for confounding in the last two periods of the trial. The WHS program resulted in higher costs for the employer on the short and middle term. Conclusions Primary outcomes did not improve after program implementation and secondary outcomes remained equal after implementation. The program was not cost-beneficial after 1-3 year follow-up. Main limitation that may have contributed to absence of positive effects may be program failure, because interventions were not deployed as intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berry J van Holland
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel F Reneman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen,, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remko Soer
- Expertise Center of Health, Social Care and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Spine Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel R de Boer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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