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Yang H, Gao Y, Sun S, Qu Y, Ji S, Wu R, Wu J. Formation, characterization, and antigenicity of lecithin-β-conglycinin complexes. Food Chem 2023; 407:135178. [PMID: 36525804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid binding has been proposed to represent a functional property of many allergenic proteins. This study investigated the formation, characterization, and antigenicity of lecithin-β-conglycinin complexes. The results indicate that lecithin was combined with β-conglycinin via static quenching and primarily driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. In addition, heat treatment reduced the antigenicity of complexes, as evidenced by changes in molecular weight and secondary and tertiary structures. It revealed that large aggregates developed and more hydrophobic regions were exposed for complexes after heat treatment, as well as a decrease in the β-sheet contents and an increase in the β-turn and random coil contents. Furthermore, the average particle size of the complexes increased with increased temperature treatment, and the morphology of the complexes exhibited an amorphous polymer. These findings shedlight on the interaction between lecithin and β-conglycinin and help us understand the role of lecithin in allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yaran Gao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuyuan Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yezhi Qu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China.
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2
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Zhao Z, Liang X, Li Q. Oleic acid-induced structural changes of buffalo apo-α-lactalbumin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Preparation of Gum Arabic-Maltose-Pea Protein Isolate Complexes for 1-Octacosanol Microcapsule: Improved Storage Stability, Sustained Release in the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Its Effect on the Lipid Metabolism of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010112. [PMID: 36613328 PMCID: PMC9818909 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Octacosanol (Octa) is a natural compound with several beneficial properties. However, its poor water solubility and metabolism in the digestive tract reduce its efficacy. The Octa-GA-Malt-PPI microcapsule was prepared as follows: gum Arabic (GA):maltose (Malt):pea protein isolate (PPI) = 2:1:2; core:shell = 1:7.5; emulsification temperature 70 °C; pH 9.0. An in vitro simulated gastrointestinal tract was used to analyze the digestion behavior. C57BL/6 mice were selected to establish an obesity model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) to evaluate the effect of Octa monomer and the microcapsule. The diffusivity in water and storage stability of Octa improved after encapsulation. The microcapsule was ascribed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. The sustained release of Octa from the microcapsule was observed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract. Compared with Octa monomer, the microcapsule was more effective in alleviating the symptoms of weight gain, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia induced by HFD in mice. In conclusion, the construction of microcapsule structure can improve the dispersibility and stability of Octa in water, achieve sustained release of Octa in the gastrointestinal tract, and improve its efficiency in alleviating the effects of HFD on the body.
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4
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Insight into binding behavior, structure, and foam properties of α-lactalbumin/glycyrrhizic acid complex in an acidic environment. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Pedersen JN, Frislev HKS, Pedersen JS, Otzen D. Structures and mechanisms of formation of liprotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140505. [PMID: 32721568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins form complexes called liprotides with oleic acid and other cis-fatty acids under conditions where the protein is partially unfolded. The complexes vary in structure depending on the ratio of protein and lipid, but the most common structural organization is the core-shell structure, in which a layer of dynamic, partially unfolded and extended proteins surrounds a micelle-like fatty acid core. This structure, first reported for α-lactalbumin together with OA, resembles complexes formed between proteins and anionic surfactants like SDS. Liprotides first rose to fame through their anti-carcinogenic properties which still remains promising for topical applications though not yet implemented in the clinic. In addition, liprotides show potential in drug delivery thanks to the ability of the micelle core to solubilize and stabilize hydrophobic compounds, though applications are challenged by their sensitivity to acidic pH and dynamic exchange of lipids which makes them easy prey for serum "hoovers" such as albumin. However, liprotides are also of fundamental interest as a generic "protein complex structure", demonstrating the many and varied structural consequences of protein-lipid interactions. Here we provide an overview of the different types of liprotide complexes, ranging from quasi-native complexes via core-shell structures to multi-layer structures, and discuss the many conditions under which they form. Given the many variable types of complexes that can form, rigorous biophysical analysis (stoichiometry, shape and structure of the complexes) remains crucial for a complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of this fascinating group of protein-lipid complexes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Kristina Søster Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Hallas Alle 1, DK-4400 Kalundborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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6
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Fang B, Yang ZX, Ren FZ. The self-assembled α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex inhibits ATP supply from both glycolysis and the TCA cycle in HepG2 cells and HepG2-bearing nude mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:258-263. [PMID: 32389653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism has been a predominant target for anti-cancer drug development. The self-assembled anti-tumor α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex (α-LA-OA) affects the energy metabolism of tumor cells, however, the role of targeting energy metabolism in its anti-tumor mechanism still needs to be clarified. α-LA assembled with OA to form a complex with an average diameter of 144.1 ± 7.241 nm, which is 10-fold larger than α-LA alone. Furthermore, the self-assembled α-LA-OA inhibited the ATP supply from both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in HepG2 cells and HepG2-bearing nude mice. The gene expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis (HK2, aldose, PKM2, LDHB) and oxidative phosphorylation (CS, ACO2, IDH2, SDHA) was inhibited. This inhibitory effect was also evident by increased phosphorylation of AMPKα. α-LA-OA also suppressed the expression of HIF-1α and increased the expression of activated caspase-3. These findings demonstrate that the anti-tumor mechanism of α-LA-OA may be related to its inhibitory effect on the ATP supply, which then activates programmed cell death pathways. This study also indicated that α-LA-OA is a potent anti-tumor agent that targets the energy metabolism of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhi-Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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El-Fakharany EM, Redwan EM. Protein-lipid complexes: molecular structure, current scenarios and mechanisms of cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36890-36906. [PMID: 35539089 PMCID: PMC9075609 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some natural proteins can be complexed with oleic acid (OA) to form an active protein-lipid formulation that can induce tumor-selective apoptosis. The first explored protein was human milk α-lactalbumin (α-LA), called HAMLET when composed with OA in antitumor form. Several groups have prepared active protein-lipid complexes using a variety of approaches, all of which depend on target protein destabilization or direct OA-protein incubation to alter pH to acid or alkaline condition. In addition to performing vital roles in inflammatory processes and immune responses, fatty acids can disturb different metabolic pathways and cellular signals. Therefore, the tumoricidal action of these complexes is related to OA rather than the protein that keeps OA in solution and acts as a vehicle for transferring OA molecules to tumor cells. However, other studies have suggested that the antitumor efficacy of these complexes was exerted by both protein and OA together. The potential is not limited to the anti-tumor activity of protein-lipid complexes but extends to other functions such as bactericidal activity. The protein shell enhances the solubility and stability of the bound fatty acid. These protein-lipid complexes are promising candidates for fighting various cancer types and managing bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg EL-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg EL-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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8
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Li HY, Li P, Yang HG, Wang YZ, Huang GX, Wang JQ, Zheng N. Investigation and comparison of the anti-tumor activities of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin in A549, HT29, HepG2, and MDA231-LM2 tumor models. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9586-9597. [PMID: 31447140 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the anti-tumor activities of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin, 4 types of human tumor cells (lung tumor cell A549, intestinal epithelial tumor cell HT29, hepatocellular cell HepG2, and breast cancer cell MDA231-LM2) were exposed to 3 proteins, respectively. The effects on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were detected in vitro, and nude mice bearing tumors were administered the 3 proteins in vivo. Results showed that the 3 proteins (20 g/L) inhibited viability and migration, as well as induced apoptosis, in 4 tumor cells to different degrees (compared with the control). In vivo, tumor weights in the HT29 group (0.84 ± 0.22 g vs. control 2.05 ± 0.49 g) and MDA231-LM2 group (1.11 ± 0.25 g vs. control 2.49 ± 0.57 g) were significantly reduced by lactoferrin; tumor weights in the A549 group (1.07 ± 0.19 g vs. control 3.11 ± 0.73 g) and HepG2 group (2.32 ± 0.46 g vs. control 3.50 ± 0.74 g) were significantly reduced by α-lactalbumin. Moreover, the roles of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin in regulating apoptotic proteins were validated. In summary, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were proven to inhibit growth and development of A549, HT29, HepG2, and MDA231-LM2 tumors to different degrees via induction of cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - H G Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Y Z Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - G X Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - J Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - N Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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9
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Whey protein in cancer therapy: A narrative review. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:245-256. [PMID: 31005617 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a public health challenge in the identification and development of ideal pharmacological therapies and dietary strategies. The use of whey protein as a dietary strategy is widespread in the field of oncology. The two types of whey protein, sweet or acid, result from several processing techniques and possess distinct protein subfraction compositions. Mechanistically, whey protein subfractions have specific anti-cancer effects. Alpha-lactalbumin, human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cell, bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cell, bovine serum albumin, and lactoferrin are whey protein subfractions with potential to hinder tumor pathways. Such effects, however, are principally supported by studies performed in vitro and/or in vivo. In clinical practice, whey protein intake-induced anti-cancer effects are indiscernible. However, whey protein supplementation represents a practical, feasible, and cost-effective approach to mitigate cancer cachexia syndrome. The usefulness of whey protein is evidenced by a greater leucine content and the potential to modulate IGF-1 concentrations, representing important factors towards musculoskeletal hypertrophy. Further clinical trials are warranted and needed to establish the effects of whey protein supplementation as an adjuvant to cancer therapy.
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10
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Wei Z, Zhu P, Huang Q. Investigation of ovotransferrin conformation and its complexation with sugar beet pectin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Rath EM, Cheng YY, Pinese M, Sarun KH, Hudson AL, Weir C, Wang YD, Håkansson AP, Howell VM, Liu GJ, Reid G, Knott RB, Duff AP, Church WB. BAMLET kills chemotherapy-resistant mesothelioma cells, holding oleic acid in an activated cytotoxic state. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203003. [PMID: 30157247 PMCID: PMC6114908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Here we have investigated in vitro efficacy of BAMLET and BLAGLET complexes (anti-cancer complexes consisting of oleic acid and bovine α-lactalbumin or β-lactoglobulin respectively) in killing mesothelioma cells, determined BAMLET and BLAGLET structures, and investigated possible biological mechanisms. We performed cell viability assays on 16 mesothelioma cell lines. BAMLET and BLAGLET having increasing oleic acid content inhibited human and rat mesothelioma cell line proliferation at decreasing doses. Most of the non-cancer primary human fibroblasts were more resistant to BAMLET than were human mesothelioma cells. BAMLET showed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin-resistant, pemetrexed-resistant, vinorelbine-resistant, and parental rat mesothelioma cells, indicating the BAMLET anti-cancer mechanism may be different to drugs currently used to treat mesothelioma. Cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and BAMLET, did not demonstrate a therapeutic window for mesothelioma compared with immortalised non-cancer mesothelial cells. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR that ATP synthase is downregulated in mesothelioma cells in response to regular dosing with BAMLET. We sought structural insight for BAMLET and BLAGLET activity by performing small angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate the structural mechanism by which BAMLET and BLAGLET achieve increased cytotoxicity by holding increasing amounts of oleic acid in an active cytotoxic state encapsulated in increasingly unfolded protein. Our structural studies revealed similarity in the molecular structure of the protein components of these two complexes and in their encapsulation of the fatty acid, and differences in the microscopic structure and structural stability. BAMLET forms rounded aggregates and BLAGLET forms long fibre-like aggregates whose aggregation is more stable than that of BAMLET due to intermolecular disulphide bonds. The results reported here indicate that BAMLET and BLAGLET may be effective second-line treatment options for mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Rath
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kadir H. Sarun
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Weir
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiwei D. Wang
- Burns Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Viive M. Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guo Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert B. Knott
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Duff
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - W. Bret Church
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Using Liprotides to Deliver Cholesterol to the Plasma Membrane. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:581-592. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Frislev HS, Jakobsen SCL, Frank SA, Otzen DE. Dynamic content exchange between liprotides. Biophys Chem 2017; 233:13-18. [PMID: 29227791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liprotides are complexes composed of partially denatured proteins and fatty acids in which the fatty acids form a micelle-like core surrounded by a shell of proteins. Liprotides, composed of α-lactalbumin (aLA) and oleic acid (OA), are similar in components and cytotoxicity to the original HAMLET protein-fatty acid complex. Liprotides composed of aLA and OA kill tumor cells by transferring the OA component to, and thus destabilizing, the cell membrane. Here we investigate liprotides' dynamics of transfer of contents between themselves and membranes using the hydrophobic fluorescent probe pyrene. We find that pyrene incorporated into liprotides is exchanged between liprotides within the dead time of a stopped-flow instrument, while the transfer to membranes occurs within 20s. Transfer kinetics was not affected by the presence of the membrane stabilizing lipid cholesterol. Thus, transfer is a remarkably rapid process which illustrates liprotides' efficacy as transporters of hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette S Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine C L Jakobsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe A Frank
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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14
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Frislev HS, Boye TL, Nylandsted J, Otzen D. Liprotides kill cancer cells by disrupting the plasma membrane. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15129. [PMID: 29123177 PMCID: PMC5680231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells) is a complex of α-lactalbumin (aLA) and oleic acid (OA) which kills transformed cells, while leaving fully differentiated cells largely unaffected. Other protein-lipid complexes show similar anti-cancer potential. We call such complexes liprotides. The cellular impact of liprotides, while intensely investigated, remains unresolved. To address this, we report on the cell-killing mechanisms of liprotides prepared by incubating aLA with OA for 1 h at 20 or 80 °C (lip20 and lip80, respectively). The liprotides showed similar cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells, though lip80 acts more slowly, possibly due to intermolecular disulphide bonds formed during preparation. Liprotides are known to increase the fluidity of a membrane and transfer OA to vesicles, prompting us to focus on the effect of liprotides on the cell membrane. Extracellular Ca2+ influx is important for activation of the plasma membrane repair system, and we found that removal of Ca2+ from the medium enhanced the liprotides’ killing effect. Liprotide cytotoxicity was also increased by knockdown of Annexin A6 (ANXA6), a protein involved in plasma membrane repair. We conclude that MCF7 cells counteract liprotide-induced membrane permeabilization by activating their plasma membrane repair system, which is triggered by extracellular Ca2+ and involves ANXA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette S Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theresa Louise Boye
- Membrane Integrity Group, Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity Group, Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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15
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Mansouritorghabeh H, Jabbari-Azad F, Varasteh A, Sankian M, Farid-Hosseini R. Common solvents for making extraction of allergenic proteins from plants' pollens for prick tests and related factors: a technical review. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4440-4446. [PMID: 28713519 PMCID: PMC5498712 DOI: 10.19082/4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting information on influencing factors in developing consistent and high-quality extracts results in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of type I allergy (IgE mediated). Furthermore, considering that a large number of allergens are currently in practice, any attempt to develop a more effective procedure for preparing extract may be useful. Nowadays, different saline solvents, temperature, incubation time, and PH are being incorporated for preparing allergen extracts. The objective of the current study was to clear and address the commonest of solvent buffers and allied conditions for making extracts of pollens of grasses, trees, and weeds. The literature review was done in Jan 2016 on PubMed and Google Scholar medical search engines without any time limitation. After reading abstracts of 87 articles, finally 37 relevant papers were selected and their full texts were retrieved. In conclusion, 24 full-text papers were recognized appropriate and chosen. The extracted information for papers has been described fully in the text. On the basis of these data, PBS buffer with PH 7.4, temperature of 4 °C and with overnight incubation time, may be the optimized condition in order to have a proper extract for carrying out skin prick tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahzad Jabbari-Azad
- M.D., Associate Professor of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Varasteh
- Ph.D., Professor of Medical School, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Ph.D., Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Bouali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farid-Hosseini
- M.D., Professor of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Fang B, Zhang M, Fan X, Ren F. The targeted proteins in tumor cells treated with the α-lactalbumin–oleic acid complex examined by descriptive and quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5991-6004. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Nsonzi F, Gomaa AI, Sedman J, Ismail AA. Effect of temperature on the structure and cytotoxicity effect of α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complexes against the L1210 cell line. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Park YJ, Kim KH, Lim DW, Lee E. Effects of pH and protein conformation on in-solution complexation between bovine α-lactalbumin and oleic acid: Binding trend analysis by using SPR and ITC. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Fang B, Zhang M, Tian M, Ren FZ. Self-assembled β-lactoglobulin-oleic acid and β-lactoglobulin-linoleic acid complexes with antitumor activities. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2898-907. [PMID: 25771044 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) can bind to fatty acids such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA). Another whey protein, α-lactalbumin (α-LA), can also bind to OA to give the complex α-LA-OA, which has antitumor properties. Based on reports that the activity of α-LA-OA is highly dependent on OA, as well as the acquisition of similar complexes using other proteins, such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, we speculated whether β-LG could also kill tumor cells after binding to other fatty acids. Therefore, we prepared complexes of β-LG with OA (β-LG-OA) and LA (β-LG-LA) in the current study and evaluated them in terms of antitumor activity and thermostability using the methylene blue method and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The structural features of these complexes were also evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. The binding dynamics of OA and LA to β-LG were studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. Cell viability results revealed that β-LG-LA and β-LG-OA exhibited similar antitumor activities. Interestingly, the binding of β-LG to LA led to an increase in its thermostability, whereas its binding to OA had very little effect. The environments of the tryptophan residues in the β-LG-OA and β-LG-LA complexes were very different, with the residues being blue- and red-shifted, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrophobic regions in β-LG were buried after binding of OA, which was slightly changed in β-LG-LA. Circular dichroism results showed that β-LG-OA enhanced the tertiary structure, which was partially lost in β-LG-LA. There were more binding sites for OA than for LA on β-LG, although the binding constants of the 2 fatty acids were similar, with both acids interacting with the protein though van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions. This study could help provide a deeper understanding of the structural basis for formation of antitumor protein-fatty acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China
| | - M Zhang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100048, China
| | - M Tian
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China
| | - F Z Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Fang B, Zhang M, Tian M, Jiang L, Guo HY, Ren FZ. Bovine lactoferrin binds oleic acid to form an anti-tumor complex similar to HAMLET. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Zhang H, Yu D, Sun J, Guo H, Ding Q, Liu R, Ren F. Interaction of milk whey protein with common phenolic acids. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Nemashkalova EL, Kazakov AS, Khasanova LM, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Structural characterization of more potent alternatives to HAMLET, a tumoricidal complex of α-lactalbumin and oleic acid. Biochemistry 2013; 52:6286-99. [PMID: 23947814 DOI: 10.1021/bi400643s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HAMLET is a complex of human α-lactalbumin (hLA) with oleic acid (OA) that kills various tumor cells and strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. More potent protein-OA complexes were previously reported for bovine α-lactalbumin (bLA) and β-lactoglobulin (bLG), and pike parvalbumin (pPA), and here we explore their structural features. The concentration dependencies of the tryptophan fluorescence of hLA, bLA, and bLG complexes with OA reveal their disintegration at protein concentrations below the micromolar level. Chemical cross-linking experiments provide evidence that association with OA shifts the distribution of oligomeric forms of hLA, bLA, bLG, and pPA toward higher-order oligomers. This effect is confirmed for bLA and bLG using the dynamic light scattering method, while pPA is shown to associate with OA vesicles. Like hLA binding, OA binding increases the affinity of bLG for small unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, while pPA efficiently binds to the vesicles irrespective of OA binding. The association of OA with bLG and pPA increases their α-helix and cross-β-sheet content and resistance to enzymatic proteolysis, which is indicative of OA-induced protein structuring. The lack of excess heat sorption during melting of bLG and pPA in complex with OA and the presence of a cooperative thermal transition at the level of their secondary structure suggest that the OA-bound forms of bLG and pPA lack a fixed tertiary structure but exhibit a continuous thermal transition. Overall, despite marked differences, the HAMLET-like complexes that were studied exhibit a common feature: a tendency toward protein oligomerization. Because OA-induced oligomerization has been reported for other proteins, this phenomenon is inherent to many proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina L Nemashkalova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
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23
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The biological activities of protein/oleic acid complexes reside in the fatty acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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