Thermodynamic Studies on Non-ideal Binary Mixtures of Isoamyl Alcohol and Various Alkanols at 298.15 to 308.15 K

Thermophysical Studies of Chlorpheniramine with 1-Propanol at 303 K, 308 K, and 313 K in the Atmospheric Pressure

A binary liquid system that consists of chlorpheniramine and 1-propanol is prepared at various concentrations by the mole fraction method. The density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic velocity (U) of the system are observed at 303 K, 308 K, and 313 K. From the experimental observations, various thermophysical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free length (Lf), free volume ( $V_f$ ), viscous relaxation time (τ), and Gibbs free energy ( $\mathrm{\Delta }G$ ) are determined. The deviations of the excess parameters (βE, $L_f^E$ , $V_f^E$ , τE, and $\mathrm{\Delta }{G}^E$ ) from their ideal values are calculated. The excess values are fitted with the Redlich–Kister polynomial function, and the corresponding coefficients are derived. Moreover, the standard deviations of the excess parameters are evaluated. The experimental and theoretical data confirmed the existence of hydrogen bonding interactions among the functional groups of the liquid mixture. The strength of intermolecular interactions decreased with increasing the temperature of the mixture. The strength of intermolecular interaction is noticed as 303 K > 308 K > 313 K.