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Akbar MU, Ahmad MR, Shaheen A, Mushtaq S. A review on evaluation of technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Preparation, quality control and biological characterization of 99mTc-vincristine. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zaidi JH, Wasim M, Arif M, Mushtaq A. Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the inception of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) in 1956, peaceful uses of atomic energy commenced for the benefit of scientific community as well as masses of Pakistan. Radiochemistry played a vital role right from the beginning. The research and development in this field accelerated soon after the criticality of the first research reactor named as Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR- 1) at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad. The first radioisotope produced at PARR-1 for application in nuclear medicine was 131I. Later on, many other radioisotopes were prepared and radiopharmaceuticals were synthesised for their use in industry and hospitals. Besides providing pure radioactive tracers for nuclear medicine, radiochemistry also enhanced the detection limit of impurities at all stages of nuclear fuel cycle for power generation. In 1983, research in the field of nuclear data measurement began. The main aim was to identify suitable conditions for the production of radionuclides for cancer diagnostics, treatment and therapy. With the establishment of a second research reactor (PARR-2) at PINSTECH, research in neutron activation analysis, radioisotope production and separation studies gained more momentum and many research articles were published. Solvent extraction, adsorption and ion-exchange were the main routes of separation in those studies. Separation of heavy metals and treatment of waste generated in a nuclear power plant are other important aspects related to environmental restoration and nuclear waste management, where radiochemistry is required. In future, work in radiochemistry will be continued on similar lines to develop novel radiopharmaceuticals, identify indigenous schemes for nuclear waste management and work out intelligent procedures for material characterization for benefit to mankind, especially the people of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Zaidi
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Wasim
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Arif
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. Mushtaq
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Rizvi FA, Bokhari TH, Roohi S, Mushtaq A. Direct labeling of doxorubicin with technetium-99m: its optimization, characterization and quality control. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fakhar-e-Alam M, Roohi S, Atif M, Firdous S, Amir N, Zahoor R. Labelling and optimization of PHOTOFRIN® with 99mTc. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PHOTOFRIN® was labelled with 99mTc using SnCl2·2H2O as reducing agent. Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) in 0.05 M NaOH was used for evaluation of radiochemical purity. Labelling efficiency was dependent on various factors that include the ligand/reductant ratio, pH and time of incubation. Therefore, optimum conditions of labelling were also determined. The stability of 99mTc-PHOTOFRIN® in serum was checked by using fresh human serum. Tissue distribution of 99mTc-PHOTOFRIN® was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats.
PHOTOFRIN® was labelled with an efficiency of >95% under optimum conditions, which were PHOTOFRIN®: 200 μg, pH: 3–4, SnCl2·2H2O: 15 μg and 30 min incubation at room temperature. The 99mTc-labelled PHOTOFRIN® remained stable in human serum for 24 h. Biodistribution study in rats revealed maximum concentration of the labelled compound in liver, lungs and spleen at 0.5 h, and significant activity was also seen in the bladder and urine, indicating the mode of urinary excretion of PHOTOFRIN®.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samina Roohi
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Isotope Production Division, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Firdous
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Biophotonics Laboratory, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Nagina Amir
- Isotope Production Division, Pakistan Insititute of Nuclear Science and Technol, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R. Zahoor
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Isotope Production Division, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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De K, Chandra S, Sarkar B, Ganguly S, Misra M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 99mTc-DHPM complex: a potential new radiopharmaceutical for lung imaging studies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Amir N, Roohi S, Ahmad M, Pervez S, Saeed S. Comparative studies of S-bridged complexes of 99mTc with fac(S)-[M(aet)3] (M=RhIII, IrIII; aet=2-aminoethanethiolate). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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