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Pichler V, Herth MM, Hugenberg V, Scott PJH, Spreckelmeyer S, Stotz S, Pascali G. How green are radiopharmaceutical sciences? Nucl Med Biol 2025; 144-145:109010. [PMID: 40185047 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2025.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
The rapid growth of radiopharmaceutical sciences, driven by regulatory approvals of theranostic agents and the expanding role of PET imaging, underscores the need for sustainable and green practices. While radiopharmaceuticals offer high precision and targeted therapy with minimal systemic toxicity, the field faces challenges related to increasing demand, energy consumption, and waste management. The nuclear medicine market is projected to reach $30 billion by 2030, necessitating the integration of sustainability principles such as green chemistry and green engineering into radiopharmaceutical development. Given the energy-intensive nature of radiochemical processes, these principles provide strategies for reducing environmental impact. However, radiopharmaceutical sciences require adaptations to traditional sustainability frameworks due to factors like radiation safety, speed, and automation. This perspective examines the applicability of the 12 principles of green chemistry and engineering, proposing nine key principles tailored to radiopharmaceutical sciences. These principles address waste prevention, radionuclide recycling, energy efficiency, and the adoption of cleaner irradiation technologies. As the field evolves, incorporating sustainability into training programs and research initiatives will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Hugenberg
- Institute of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia Bochum, University Hospital of the Ruhr University, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Departments of Radiology, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Stotz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Separation of 133Ba and 137Cs from Mixtures of 133Ba and 137Cs by Environmentally Benign PEG-Based Aqueous Biphasic System. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Mitra S, Naskar N, Ghosh K, Dutta A, Lahiri S, Chaudhuri P, Saha A. Studies on radiation stability of natural caffeine. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 183:110148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lu S, Chang S, Li Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhang H. Gamma-radiation assisted preparation of Au/Fe3O4/poly(styrene-sodium styrene sulphonate) magnetic composite microspheres for catalysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Naskar N, Choudhury D, Basu S, Banerjee K. Separation of NCA 88Zr from proton irradiated natY target: a novel approach using low cost bio-sorbent potato peel charcoal. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghosh K, Choudhury D, Lahiri S. Production and separation of no-carrier-added 48V from 16O irradiated chlorine target. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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