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Thomas-Chemin O, Séverac C, Moumen A, Martinez-Rivas A, Vieu C, Le Lann MV, Trevisiol E, Dague E. Automated Bio-AFM Generation of Large Mechanome Data Set and Their Analysis by Machine Learning to Classify Cancerous Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44504-44517. [PMID: 39162348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Mechanobiological measurements have the potential to discriminate healthy cells from pathological cells. However, a technology frequently used to measure these properties, i.e., atomic force microscopy (AFM), suffers from its low output and lack of standardization. In this work, we have optimized AFM mechanical measurement on cell populations and developed a technology combining cell patterning and AFM automation that has the potential to record data on hundreds of cells (956 cells measured for publication). On each cell, 16 force curves (FCs) and seven features/FC, constituting the mechanome, were calculated. All of the FCs were then classified using machine learning tools with a statistical approach based on a fuzzy logic algorithm, trained to discriminate between nonmalignant and cancerous cells (training base, up to 120 cells/cell line). The proof of concept was first made on prostate nonmalignant (RWPE-1) and cancerous cell lines (PC3-GFP), then on nonmalignant (Hs 895.Sk) and cancerous (Hs 895.T) skin fibroblast cell lines, and demonstrated the ability of our method to classify correctly 73% of the cells (194 cells in the database/cell line) despite the very high degree of similarity of the whole set of measurements (79-100% similarity).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Childérick Séverac
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31031 Toulouse, France
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Vieu
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31031 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Trevisiol
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31031 Toulouse, France
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31031 Toulouse, France
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Skoczyńska A, Ołdakowska M, Dobosz A, Adamiec R, Gritskevich S, Jonkisz A, Lebioda A, Adamiec-Mroczek J, Małodobra-Mazur M, Dobosz T. PPARs in Clinical Experimental Medicine after 35 Years of Worldwide Scientific Investigations and Medical Experiments. Biomolecules 2024; 14:786. [PMID: 39062500 PMCID: PMC11275227 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This year marks the 35th anniversary of Professor Walter Wahli's discovery of the PPARs (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors) family of nuclear hormone receptors. To mark the occasion, the editors of the scientific periodical Biomolecules decided to publish a special issue in his honor. This paper summarizes what is known about PPARs and shows how trends have changed and how research on PPARs has evolved. The article also highlights the importance of PPARs and what role they play in various diseases and ailments. The paper is in a mixed form; essentially it is a review article, but it has been enriched with the results of our experiments. The selection of works was subjective, as there are more than 200,000 publications in the PubMed database alone. First, all papers done on an animal model were discarded at the outset. What remained was still far too large to describe directly. Therefore, only papers that were outstanding, groundbreaking, or simply interesting were described and briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoczyńska
- Department of Internal and Occupational Medicine and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Ołdakowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Immunology, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rajmund Adamiec
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Technical Sciences, Karkonosze University of Applied Sciences, Lwówiecka 18, 58-506 Jelenia Góra, Poland
| | - Sofya Gritskevich
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Anna Jonkisz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Arleta Lebioda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Joanna Adamiec-Mroczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
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Wang J, Dai W, Zhang M. E2F1 induced neuroblastoma cell migration and invasion via activation of CENPE/FOXM1 signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:530-542. [PMID: 36168932 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2126772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignancy occurring in infants and young children. Centrosome-associated protein E (CENPE) is a kinetochore-related motor protein highly expressed in NB, with the mechanism largely unknown. This study is committed to investigating the role and mechanism of CENPE in NB.Method: Short hairpin RNAs targeting CENPE and E2F transcription factor 1 (shCENPE and shE2F1) and CENPE overexpression plasmid were transfected into IMR-32 and SK-N-SH cells. The mRNA expressions of CENPE, N-Cadherin, Vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in NB cells were detected by qRT-PCR. The viability, migration, and invasion of cells were tested through cell function experiments. Western blot was applied to detect the protein levels of N-Cadherin, Vimentin, PCNA, CENPE and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). The relationship between CENPE and E2F1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, while the interaction between FOXM1 and CENPE in NB cells was analyzed by rescue experiments.Results: CENPE expression was upregulated in NB cells from metastatic sites. Silencing of CENPE suppressed the NB cell viability, migration, and invasion; and decreased N-Cadherin, Vimentin and PCNA expressions, while overexpressed CENPE did oppositely. E2F1 positively targeted CENPE and CENPE partly reversed the effects of shE2F1 on repressing NB cell viability, migration, invasion and the activation of CENPE/FOXM1 signaling pathway. In addition, silenced FOXM1 partly offset the effects of CENPE on promoting NB cell migration and invasion.Conclusion: E2F1 induces NB cell migration and invasion via activating CENPE/FOXM1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- SICU, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Dai
- SICU, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- SICU, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Barbaud A, Lascombe I, Péchery A, Arslan S, Kleinclauss F, Fauconnet S. GW501516-Mediated Targeting of Tetraspanin 15 Regulates ADAM10-Dependent N-Cadherin Cleavage in Invasive Bladder Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:708. [PMID: 38667323 PMCID: PMC11049359 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer aggressiveness is correlated with abnormal N-cadherin transmembrane glycoprotein expression. This protein is cleaved by the metalloprotease ADAM10 and the γ-secretase complex releasing a pro-angiogenic N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a proliferation-activating soluble C-terminal fragment (CTF2). Tetraspanin 15 (Tspan15) is identified as an ADAM10-interacting protein to induce selective N-cadherin cleavage. We first demonstrated, in invasive T24 bladder cancer cells, that N-cadherin was cleaved by ADAM10 generating NTF in the extracellular environment and leaving a membrane-anchored CTF1 fragment and that Tspan15 is required for ADAM10 to induce the selective N-cadherin cleavage. Targeting N-cadherin function in cancer is relevant to preventing tumor progression and metastases. For antitumor molecules to inhibit N-cadherin function, they should be complete and not cleaved. We first showed that the GW501516, an agonist of the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ, decreased Tspan15 and prevented N-cadherin cleavage thus decreasing NTF. Interestingly, the drug did not modify ADAM10 expression, which was important because it could limit side effects since ADAM10 cleaves numerous substrates. By targeting Tspan15 to block ADAM10 activity on N-cadherin, GW501516 could prevent NTF pro-tumoral effects and be a promising molecule to treat bladder cancer. More interestingly, it could optimize the effects of the N-cadherin antagonists those such as ADH-1 that target the N-cadherin ectodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barbaud
- SINERGIES–LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France (I.L.)
| | - Isabelle Lascombe
- SINERGIES–LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France (I.L.)
| | - Adeline Péchery
- SINERGIES–LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France (I.L.)
| | - Sergen Arslan
- SINERGIES–LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France (I.L.)
| | - François Kleinclauss
- CHU Besançon, Service Urologie, Andrologie et Transplantation Rénale, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Fauconnet
- SINERGIES–LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France (I.L.)
- CHU Besançon, Service Urologie, Andrologie et Transplantation Rénale, F-25000 Besançon, France
- CHU Besançon, Centre Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Xie B, Dong W, He F, Peng F, Zhang H, Wang W. The Combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA Methylation Had a Diagnostic Value in Pulmonary Nodules and Early Lung Cancer. Oncology 2024; 102:759-774. [PMID: 38262380 DOI: 10.1159/000534275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study explored the effects of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in lung cancer (LC). METHOD Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples as well as LC and normal adjacent tissues were collected from 72 LC patients and 35 patients with benign pulmonary nodules. Quantitative analysis of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation was performed in benign pulmonary nodules and different stages of LC. The diagnostic value of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in LC and benign pulmonary nodules was determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Gain/loss-of-function experiments were constructed in LC cells and mouse models of xenograft and pulmonary nodule metastasis. The levels of SHOX2 and transfer-associated genes were tested through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Malignant phenotype of LC cells was assessed by functional experiment. The tumor volume and weight of mice in xenograft models were measured. Pulmonary nodule metastasis was determined through HE staining assay. 5-azacytidine appeared as a positive control drug. RESULT SHOX2 DNA methylation or RASSF1A DNA methylation had diagnostic efficiency in pulmonary nodules and early LC, with the two combined having better diagnostic value. SHOX2 expression was upregulated in LC. Similar to 5-azacytidine, SHOX2 knockdown inhibited LC cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as restrained LC tumorigenesis and pulmonary nodule metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpressed SHOX2 had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION The combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation had a diagnostic value in pulmonary nodules and early LC. SHOX2 positively modulated the tumorigenesis and metastasis of LC by regulating DNA methylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengping He
- Central Laboratory, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liu Z, Wen G, Huang Y, Dong Y, Wang Z, Alhaskawi A, Zhang S, Wang G, Ye Q, Zhou H, Lu H, Dong M. [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1: A new PET molecular radiotracer for imaging of N-cadherin-positive tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126721. [PMID: 37284201 PMCID: PMC10239968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cell adhesion molecule (CAM) N-cadherin has become an important target for tumor therapy. The N-cadherin antagonist, ADH-1, exerts significant antitumor activity against N-cadherin-expressing cancers. Methods In this study, [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 was radiosynthesized. An in vitro cell binding test was performed, and the biodistribution and micro-PET imaging of the probe targeting N-cadherin were also studied in vivo. Results Radiolabeling of ADH-1 with [18F]AlF achieved a yield of up to 30% (not decay-corrected) with a radiochemical purity of >97%. The cell uptake study showed that Cy3-ADH-1 binds to SW480 cells but weakly binds to BXPC3 cells in the same concentration range. The biodistribution results demonstrated that [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 had a good tumor/muscle ratio (8.70±2.68) in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor xenografts but a lower tumor/muscle ratio (1.91±0.69) in SW480 tumor xenografts and lowest tumor/muscle ratio (0.96±0.32) in BXPC3 tumor xenografts at 1 h post-injection (p.i.) These findings were in accordance with the immunohistochemistry results. The micro PET imaging results revealed good [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 tumor uptake in pancreatic cancer PDX xenografts with strong positive N-calcium expression, while lower tumor uptake in SW480 xenografts with positive expression of N-cadherin, and significantly lower tumor uptake in BXPC3 xenografts with low expression of N-cadherin, which was consistent with the biodistribution and immunohistochemistry results. The N-cadherin-specific binding of [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 was further verified by a blocking experiment involving coinjection of a non radiolabeled ADH-1 peptide, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor uptake in PDX xenografts and SW480 tumor. Conclusion [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 was successfully radiosynthesized, and Cy3-ADH-1 showed favorable N-cadherin-specific targeting ability by in vitro data. The biodistribution and microPET imaging of the probe further showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 could discern different expressions of N-cadherin in tumors. Collectively, the findings demonstrated the potential of [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 as a PET imaging probe for non-invasive evaluation of the N-cadherin expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghua Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqiao Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - GuoLin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianni Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Dai X, Chen Y, Chen N, Dou J, Zhuang H, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zhao H. KLF5-mediated aquaporin 3 activated autophagy to facilitate cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:140-152. [PMID: 36083020 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs limits the control of gastric cancer (GC) development. The study intended to probe into the mechanism of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) on the chemoresistance of GC. METHODS Cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cells were constructed. Parental AGS and HGC-27 cells and their respective CDDP-resistant cells were transfected with AQP3 overexpression plasmid, AQP3 short hairpin RNA (sh-AQP3) and sh-Kruppel-like factor 5 (shKLF5). The expressions of AQP3 and factors related to autophagy (LC3 I, LC3 II, Atg5, Beclin-1, p62)/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT; E-cadherin and snail) were assessed by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Cell counting kit-8 assay was adopted to test cell viability and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) was determined. Transwell assay was used for the examination of cell migration and invasion. The regulatory relationship of AQP3 and KLF5 was tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS AQP3 was highly-expressed in GC cells and its level was even higher in CDDP-resistant GC cells. AQP3 silencing inhibited viability, autophagy and EMT in CDDP-resistant GC cells, while AQP3 overexpression had the opposite effect. KLF5 positively modulated AQP3 in GC cells resistant to CDDP. KLF5 knockdown reversed AQP3-induced autophagy, viability, migration, invasion and EMT in CDDP-resistant GC cells. CONCLUSION KLF5-modulated AQP3 activated autophagy to facilitate the resistance of GC to CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Lianshui People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Ning Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Jin Dou
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Haiwen Zhuang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xin Zhao
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Haijian Zhao
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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Disentangling cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions in collective cancer cell migration. Biophys J 2022; 121:44-60. [PMID: 34890578 PMCID: PMC8758422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dispersion from a confined area is fundamental in a number of biological processes, including cancer metastasis. To date, a quantitative understanding of the interplay of single-cell motility, cell proliferation, and intercellular contacts remains elusive. In particular, the role of E- and N-cadherin junctions, central components of intercellular contacts, is still controversial. Combining theoretical modeling with in vitro observations, we investigate the collective spreading behavior of colonies of human cancer cells (T24). The spreading of these colonies is driven by stochastic single-cell migration with frequent transient cell-cell contacts. We find that inhibition of E- and N-cadherin junctions decreases colony spreading and average spreading velocities, without affecting the strength of correlations in spreading velocities of neighboring cells. Based on a biophysical simulation model for cell migration, we show that the behavioral changes upon disruption of these junctions can be explained by reduced repulsive excluded volume interactions between cells. This suggests that in cancer cell migration, cadherin-based intercellular contacts sharpen cell boundaries leading to repulsive rather than cohesive interactions between cells, thereby promoting efficient cell spreading during collective migration.
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Overexpressed versican promoted cell multiplication, migration and invasion in gastric cancer. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101611. [PMID: 34358918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Versican (VCAN) is verified to promote development among many cancers, whose function on gastric cancer (GC) is less studied. This work explored the effect of VCNA on GC. The differentially expressed VCAN between tumor and normal samples, among different cancer stages and the overall survival of GC patients with high and low VCAN levels were predicted through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). The association between VCAN and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by clinical investigation. AGS and NCI-N87 cells were transfected with VCAN short hairpin RNA (shVCAN) and VCAN overexpression plasmid. The VCNA, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin and Vimentin expression was detected through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Cell viability was assessed through MTT assay. Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay and cell invasion was evaluated through Transwell assay. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry assay. VCAN was upregulated in GC and its high expression related to advanced TNM stage, Lymph node metastasis, Depth of invasion and Grade. VCAN knockdown inhibited multiplication, migration, invasion, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, N-Cadherin and Vimentin expression while induced cycle arrest and E-Cadherin level of GC cells, whereas overexpressed VCAN showed opposite results. VCAN had a potential to be a biomarker for GC and overexpressed VCAN promoted GC cell multiplication, migration and invasion.
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Topology Challenge for the Assessment of Living Cell Deposits with Shear Bulk Acoustic Biosensor. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102079. [PMID: 33096764 PMCID: PMC7589984 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shear bulk acoustic type of resonant biosensors, such as the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), give access to label-free in-liquid analysis of surface interactions. The general understanding of the sensing principles was inherited from past developments in biofilms measurements and applied to cells while keeping the same basic assumptions. Thus, the biosensor readouts are still quite often described using 'mass' related terminology. This contribution aims to show that assessment of cell deposits with acoustic biosensors requires a deep understanding of the sensor transduction mechanism. More specifically, the cell deposits should be considered as a structured viscoelastic load and the sensor response depends on both material and topological parameters of the deposits. This shifts the paradigm of acoustic biosensor away from the classical mass loading perspective. As a proof of the concept, we recorded QCM frequency shifts caused by blood platelet deposits on a collagen surface under different rheological conditions and observed the final deposit shape with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results vividly demonstrate that the frequency shift is highly impacted by the platelet topology on the bio-interface. We support our findings with numerical simulations of viscoelastic unstructured and structured loads in liquid. Both experimental and theoretical studies underline the complexity behind the frequency shift interpretation when acoustic biosensing is used with cell deposits.
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