A mild, three-component one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles using Mo(IV) salen complex in homogeneous catalytic system and Mo(IV) salen complex nanoparticles onto silica as a highly active, efficient, and reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst

Green synthesis of imidazole derivatives in a ternary deep eutectic solvent system

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained recognition for their sustainable characteristics and demonstrated potential for various applications in chemical processes. Their biodegradability and recyclability make them an attractive alternative for sustainable chemistry. Herein, we investigated the application of novel ternary DES as a reaction medium and recyclable catalyst for one-pot, multicomponent synthesis of tri and tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives under mild conditions. A ternary DES composed of dimethyl urea, SnCl2, and HCl was prepared using a simple method from readily available starting materials. The structural and chemical composition of this ternary DES was characterized using FT-IR and EDX spectroscopy. The synthesis of various substituted imidazoles using the ternary DES has resulted in good to excellent yields, with high-purity products, which were achieved in a relatively short reaction time. Ternary DES exhibited remarkable properties as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly dual solvent and catalyst. The prepared DES exhibits excellent recyclability, with no noticeable decline in its catalytic performance even after five consecutive runs.

One-pot, three-component, iron-catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles via domino C-N bond formation

An efficient one-pot, three-component process for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using a catalytic amount of Fe(iii) porphyrin has been developed. The reaction proceeds via domino C-N bond formation and cyclization reactions of benzo-1,2-quinone, aldehydes and ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source to selectively produce benzimidazole. A number of benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized using this method in high yields under mild reaction conditions.

Design and preparation of nanoarchitectonics of LDH/polymer composite with particular morphology as catalyst for green synthesis of imidazole derivatives

This paper was designed and prepared a new nanoarchitectonics of LDH/polymer composite with specific morphology. For this purpose, CTAB surfactant was used to control the morphology of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and to prepare LDH/polymer nanocomposites (LDH-APS-PEI-DTPA). The polymer was synthesized using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), polyethylenimine and used with LDH to form a nanocomposite with high thermal stability. Subsequently, the prepared nanocomposite was identified using FTIR, EDX, TGA, XRD, FESEM, and BET techniques. In addition, the prepared LDH-APS-PEI-DTPA nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives under green conditions. The results showed that the LDH-APS-PEI-DTPA nanocomposite benefit from suitable morphology, simple preparation, high catalytic activity, and high surface area. Also, the proposed LDH-APS-PEI-DTPA heterogeneous catalyst showed high stability and reusability for five consecutive runs which was consistent with the principles of green chemistry.

Metal-free thermal organocatalytic pinacol coupling of arylaldehydes using an isonicotinate catalyst with bis(pinacolato)diboron

The metal and light-free thermal organocatalytic pinacol coupling of arylaldehydes has been developed.

One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction of Catechols, Ammonium Acetate, and Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Benzoxazole Derivatives Using the Fe(III)-Salen Complex

The Fe(III)-salen complex has been applied successfully as a catalyst for the novel, simple, efficient, and one-pot multicomponent synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives from catechols, ammonium acetate as the nitrogen source, and aldehydes (nontoxic and cheap alternatives of amines) for the first time. Using this procedure, a wide range of benzoxazoles was successfully synthesized in the presence of a catalyst in EtOH under mild conditions, and all products were obtained in excellent yields. To the best of our knowledge, this method is the first example of the multicomponent synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives using these starting materials. The notable features such as the use of air that is considered as a benign oxidant and EtOH as a green solvent, ease of product separation, readily available and inexpensive aldehydes, and mild conditions make our procedure more efficient and practical for organic synthesis. Moreover, the current protocol is successfully applied to synthesize desirable products on a large scale.

Controllable access to multi-substituted imidazoles via palladium(ii)-catalyzed C–C coupling and C–N condensation cascade reactions

A novel and efficient protocol for the controllable synthesis of various di-, tri- and tetra-substituted imidazoles via cascade palladium catalyzed C–C coupling followed by intramolecular C–N bond formation was developed.

Graphene oxide–chitosan bionanocomposite: a highly efficient nanocatalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions

An eco-friendly and clean GO–biopolymer heterogeneous nanocatalyst was prepared and characterized, which efficiently promoted an important organic reaction.

Silica coated magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticle supported phosphomolybdic acid; synthesis, preparation and its application as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted imidazoles under solvent free conditions

A novel heteropolyacid supported on silica coated nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NFS–PMA) was synthesized and used as a green catalyst for one-pot syntheses of tri/tetra-substituted imidazoles. The catalyst could be recycled and reused through application of a magnetic field.