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Zhang X, Du J, Wang P, Wang P, Liu Z, Yao Z, Zhao S, Xi H. Identification and genetic diversity analysis of broomrape in Xinjiang, China. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:326. [PMID: 38393610 PMCID: PMC10891240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a holoparasitic weed, broomrape has seriously threatened the production of economically important crops, such as melon, watermelon, processed tomato, and sunflower, in Xinjiang in recent years. However, the distribution and genetic diversity of broomrape populations in Xinjiang are not clear at present, which hinders their prevention and control. The purpose of this study was to identify the main species and the genetic differentiation structure of the broomrape population in Xinjiang. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, 93 samples from different geographic regions of Xinjiang were collected to identify the species based on ITS and plastid rps2 regions, and the samples were also used to analyze the genetic diversity based on ISSR markers. The results showed that broomrape is not monophyletic in Xinjiang and consists of two major clades (Orobanche cf. aegyptiaca and O. cernua) and three subclades (O. cf. aegyptiaca var. tch, O. cf. aegyptiaca var. klz, and O. cernua.var. alt) based on phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the results of the genetic diversity analysis indicated that the average polymorphic information content and marker index were high values of 0.58 and 7.38, respectively, showing the efficiency of the ISSR markers in detecting polymorphism among the broomrape population studied. Additionally, the 11 selected primers produced 154 repeatable polymorphic bands, of which 150 were polymorphic. The genetic diversity of the samples was 37.19% within populations and 62.81% among the populations, indicating that the main genetic differentiation occurred among the populations. There was less gene exchange between populations, with a gene flow index (Nm) of 0.2961 (< 1). The UPGMA dendrogram indicated that most populations with similar geographical conditions and hosts were clustered first, and then all samples were separated into two major groups and seven subclusters. CONCLUSION The broomrapes are mainly O. cf. aegyptiaca and O. cernua in Xinjiang, which were separated into two major groups and seven subclusters based on ISSR markers. Our results provide a theoretical basis for breeding broomrape-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Zhang
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoqun Yao
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hui Xi
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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Abd El-Aty MS, El-Hity MA, Abo Sen TM, El-Rahaman IAEA, Ibrahim OM, Al-Farga A, El-Tahan AM. Generation Mean Analysis, Heterosis, and Genetic Diversity in Five Egyptian Faba Beans and Their Hybrids. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:12313. [DOI: 10.3390/su151612313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a major legume crop; thus, it is important to apply various biometrical techniques to develop the most efficient breeding procedures to face biotic and abiotic stressors. During the four consecutive winter seasons of 2017–2021, five populations of five faba bean hybrids were studied at Sakha agricultural research station in Egypt. Five basic generations, including two parents (P1 and P2) and the first, second, and third generations, were studied. This analysis found significant variations between generations in all attributes studied in all crosses (P1, P2, F1, F2, and F3). Sakha 4 was the earliest parent (138 days) based on the maturity date, whereas Giza 40 had the most significant number of pods and seeds per plant (25.68–78.94), and Giza 716 had the tallest plant height (124.00 cm). Giza 843 and Sakha 4 had the highest seed yield per plant values (62.84 g and 61.77 g). The data demonstrated highly substantial heterosis in the favorable direction over mid and better parents for all features, except for the number of branches in Cross 3 (Giza 40 × Giza 843) over mid and better parents and a maturity date in Cross 1 over mid parents. Contrarily, opposite-direction dominance and dominance × dominance effects increased narrow-sense heredity. Broad-sense heritability values for all examined characteristics were high in all crosses, ranging from 90.24% to 97.67%. In both Crosses 5 (Giza 716 × Qahera 4) and 3, genetic advance through selection ranged from 1.73% at the maturity date to 95.12% for seed yield per plant. Cross 3 (Giza 40 × Giza 843) had the greatest number of branches, pods, and seeds per plant. In conclusion, this study advances our understanding of employing faba beans in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Abd El-Aty
- Argonomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El-Hity
- Argonomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, Egypt
| | - Tharwat M. Abo Sen
- Food Legumes Program, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M. Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Rubiales D, Khazaei H. Advances in disease and pest resistance in faba bean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3735-3756. [PMID: 35182168 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba) is a grain legume crop widely cultivated in temperate areas for food and feed. Its productivity can be constrained by numerous diseases and pests that can be managed by a number of strategies, complemented with the deployment of resistant cultivars in an integrated manner. Few sources of resistance are available to some of them, although their phenotypic expression is usually insufficiently described, and their genetic basis is largely unknown. A few DNA markers have been developed for resistance to rust, ascochyta blight, and broomrape, but not yet for other diseases or pests. Still, germplasm screenings are allowing the identification of resistances that are being accumulated by classical breeding, succeeding in the development of cultivars with moderate levels of resistance. The adoption of novel phenotyping approaches and the unprecedented development of genomic resources along with speed breeding tools are speeding up resistance characterization and effective use in faba bean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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